{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T19:55:52Z","timestamp":1781726152506,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":105,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,1]],"date-time":"2017-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485907200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cities"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,26]],"date-time":"2016-09-26T10:15:36Z","timestamp":1474884936000},"page":"234-245","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1087,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Hannele","family":"Ahvenniemi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aapo","family":"Huovila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Pinto-Sepp\u00e4","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miimu","family":"Airaksinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2014.942092","article-title":"Smart cities: Definitions, dimensions, performance, and initiatives","volume":"22","author":"Albino","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Technology"},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2014.06.007","article-title":"Smart city policies: A spatial approach","volume":"41","author":"Angelidou","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2015.05.004","article-title":"Smart cities: A conjuncture of four forces","volume":"47","author":"Angelidou","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2015.08.016","article-title":"City attachment and use of urban services: Benefits for smart cities","volume":"50","author":"Belanche","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1007\/s10668-013-9462-0","article-title":"Sustainability assessment of urban communities through rating systems","volume":"15","author":"Berardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environment, Development and Sustainability"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1108\/IJPSM-07-2015-0132","article-title":"ICT and sustainability in smart cities management","volume":"29","author":"Bifulco","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Public Sector Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0035","author":"Bosch"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2012.703488","article-title":"Assessing cities: A new system of cross-scale spatial indicators","volume":"40","author":"Bourdic","year":"2012","journal-title":"Building Research and Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0045","author":"BREEAM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0050","author":"CAI-Asia Program"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2014.971535","article-title":"Unplugging: Deconstructing the smart city","volume":"22","author":"Calzada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/10630732.2011.601117","article-title":"Smart cities in Europe","volume":"18","author":"Caragliu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0065","series-title":"Technical manual 2007 edition","article-title":"CASBEE for urban development","author":"CASBEE","year":"2007"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1080\/713656995","article-title":"Urban sustainability in information age","volume":"4","author":"Castells","year":"2000","journal-title":"City"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0075","author":"CEN-CENELEC-ETSI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0080","series-title":"Understanding smart cities: An integrative framework","first-page":"2289","author":"Chourabi","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0085","author":"City Protocol Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0090","author":"CIVITAS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0095","author":"Cohen"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2011.610608","article-title":"Transitioning from green to regenerative design","volume":"40","author":"Cole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Building Research and Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0105","author":"CONCERTO"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0110","author":"Correia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0115","author":"Covenant of Mayors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0120","series-title":"Smart city and digital city: Twenty years of terminology evolution","first-page":"1","author":"Dameri","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2013.11.004","article-title":"A methodological framework for benchmarking smart transport cities","volume":"37","author":"Debnath","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0130","author":"Directorate of Urban Land Transport"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0135","series-title":"The economist intelligence unit's quality of life index. The world in 2005","first-page":"1","author":"Economist Intelligence Unit","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0140","author":"EERA Joint Programme on Smart Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0150","author":"European Commission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0155","author":"European Commission"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0160","author":"European Union"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0165","author":"Evans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0170","series-title":"The trouble with city planning. What New Orleans can teach us","author":"Ford","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0175","series-title":"Computational science and its applications - ICCSA 2015","first-page":"612","article-title":"Benchmarking smart urban mobility: A study of Italian cities","author":"Garau","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.02.012","article-title":"Cagliari and smart urban mobility: Analysis and comparison","volume":"56","author":"Garau","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0190","series-title":"Sustainable connections: Linking sustainability and economic development strategies","author":"Geary","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0195","series-title":"International Council for Research and Innovation in Building and Construction (CIB), CIB report, publication no. 64. Rotterdam, Netherlands","article-title":"Working with the performance approach in building","author":"Gibson","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1002\/sd.199","article-title":"Environment, economy and society: Fitting them together into sustainable development","volume":"10","author":"Giddings","year":"2002","journal-title":"Sustainable Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0205","series-title":"Ranking of European medium-sized cities","author":"Giffinger","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0210","author":"Gonzales"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0215","author":"Green Digital Charter"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2011.08.002","article-title":"Towards sustainable urban communities","volume":"32","author":"Haapio","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"A theory of smart cities","volume":"55","author":"Harrison","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc of the 55th annual meeting ISSS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2013.10.022","article-title":"Energy efficiency rating of districts, case Finland","volume":"65","author":"Hedman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1016\/j.esd.2013.08.004","article-title":"Indicator-based urban sustainability \u2013 A review","volume":"17","author":"Hiremath","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy for Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1080\/13604810802479126","article-title":"Will the real smart city please stand up?","volume":"12","author":"Hollands","year":"2008","journal-title":"City"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2008.03.003","article-title":"A Sensitivity Model (SM) approach to analyze urban development in Taiwan based on sustainability indicators","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0250","series-title":"The evaluating indices and promoting strategies for intelligent city in Taiwan","first-page":"6704","author":"Hung-Nien","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0255","series-title":"Smart city performance measurement system","author":"Huovila","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0265","author":"IEEE (the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0270","author":"International Living"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0275","series-title":"ISO 21929:2010 Building construction \u2013 Sustainability in building construction \u2013 Sustainability indicators. Part 1 - Framework for the development of indicators for buildings and core indicators","author":"ISO (International Standardization Organization)","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0280","series-title":"ISO 37120:2014 Sustainable development of communities \u2014 Indicators for city services and quality of life","author":"ISO (International Standardization Organization)","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0285","author":"ITU"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0290","series-title":"ITU-T L.1440 Methodology for environmental impact assessment of information and communication technologies at city level. An approved and pre-published standard recommendation of the International Telecommunication Union","author":"ITU (International Telecommunication Union)","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2014.11.137","article-title":"Digital dimension of smart city: Critical analysis","volume":"156","author":"Jucevicius","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.2307\/3325512","article-title":"Enhancing citizen participation: Panel designs, perspectives, and policy formation","volume":"10","author":"Kathlene","year":"1991","journal-title":"Journal of Policy Analysis and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2013.12.019","article-title":"Smart sustainable cities \u2013 Exploring ICT solutions for reduced energy use in cities","volume":"56","author":"Kramers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Modelling & Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2012.09.028","article-title":"Definition methodology for the smart cities model","volume":"47","author":"Lazaroiu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0315","series-title":"Towards a framework for smart cities: A comparison of Seoul, San Francisco and Amsterdam","author":"Lee","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.08.033","article-title":"Towards an effective framework for building smart cities: Lessons from Seoul and San Francisco","volume":"89","author":"Lee","year":"2014","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0325","author":"LEED"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0330","series-title":"Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Research Memorandum 2011-45","article-title":"An advanced triple-helix network model for smart cities performance","author":"Lombardi","year":"2011"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0335","first-page":"137","article-title":"Modelling the smart city performance","volume":"25","author":"Lombardi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.02.006","article-title":"The Intelligenter Method (I) for making \u201csmarter\u201d city projects and plans","author":"Marsal-Llacuna","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cities"},{"issue":"B","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2014.01.012","article-title":"Lessons in urban monitoring taken from sustainable and livable cities to better address the Smart Cities initiative","volume":"90","author":"Marsal-Llacuna","year":"2015","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0350","author":"McKinsey & Company"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1080\/00049182.2012.731301","article-title":"Measuring urban sustainability: The potential and pitfalls of city rankings","volume":"43","author":"McManus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Australian Geographer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0360","author":"Mercer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0365","author":"Minist\u00e8re de l'\u00c9galit\u00e9 des territoires et du Logement"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1080\/2093761X.2015.1057875","article-title":"Beneath the smart city: Dichotomy between sustainability and competitiveness","volume":"6","author":"Monfaredzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Sustainable Building Technology and Urban Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0375","author":"Monocle"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0380","first-page":"15","article-title":"The social pillar of sustainable development: A literature review and framework for policy analysis","volume":"8","author":"Murphy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sustainability: Science, Practice & Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0385","series-title":"Conceptualising smart city with dimensions of technology, people and institutions","first-page":"282","author":"Nam","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2013.12.010","article-title":"Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts","volume":"38","author":"Neirotti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0400","series-title":"Understanding urban ecosystems. A new frontier for science and education","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction: Ecosystem understanding is a key to understanding cities","author":"Nilon","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0405","series-title":"Sustainable economic development: Initiatives, programs and strategies for cities and regions. Urban Sustainability Associates","author":"Nixon","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0410","series-title":"OECD environmental outlook to 2050. The consequences of inaction","author":"OECD","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2013.08.041","article-title":"A strategic view on smart city technology: The case of IBM Smarter Cities during a recession","volume":"89","author":"Paroutis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Technological Forecasting and Social Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0420","author":"Post Carbon Cities"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1080\/09613210701475753","article-title":"Shifting from \u2018sustainability\u2019 to regeneration","volume":"35","author":"Reed","year":"2007","journal-title":"Building Research and Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2005.11.008","article-title":"An adaptive learning process for developing and applying sustainability indicators with local communities","volume":"59","author":"Reed","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecological Economics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2014.979082","article-title":"Theoretical underpinnings of regenerative sustainability","volume":"43","author":"Robinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Building Research and Information"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0440","first-page":"55","article-title":"Systemic resilience of complex urban systems","volume":"5","author":"Salat","year":"2012","journal-title":"TeMA-Trimestrale del Laboratorio Territorio Mobilit\u00e0 e Ambiente-TeMALab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0450","series-title":"The World Bank Environment Department. Environmental Economics Series. Paper No. 89. December 2002. Washington, USA","article-title":"Indicators of environment and sustainable development. Theories and practical experience","author":"Segnestam","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2012.06.006","article-title":"A critical review of seven selected neighborhood sustainability assessment tools","volume":"38","author":"Sharifi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Impact Assessment Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/cjres\/rsu026","article-title":"The \u2018actually existing smart city\u2019","volume":"8","author":"Shelton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0465","author":"Smart City PROFILES"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1080\/13604813.2014.906716","article-title":"Smart cities as corporate storytelling","volume":"18","author":"S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m","year":"2014","journal-title":"City"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0475","author":"Sustain Lane Criteria"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2009.07.013","article-title":"Measuring the sustainability of cities: An analysis of the use of local indicators","volume":"10","author":"Tanguay","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1080\/09640568.2012.698984","article-title":"Re-thinking sustainability indicators: Local perspectives of urban sustainability","volume":"56","author":"Turcu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Planning and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0490","author":"UCLG"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0495","author":"United Nations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0500","series-title":"World urbanization prospects. The 2014 revision","author":"United Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0505","author":"United Nations","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0510","author":"United Nations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0515","author":"United Nations Human Settlements Programme"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoforum.2011.01.002","article-title":"What is social sustainability? A clarification of concepts","volume":"42","author":"Vallance","year":"2011","journal-title":"Geoforum"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1177\/0042098013494427","article-title":"Smartmentality: The smart city as disciplinary strategy","volume":"51","author":"Vanolo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Urban Studies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2015.04.004","article-title":"The image of the creative city, eight years later: Turin, urban branding and the economic crisis taboo","volume":"46","author":"Vanolo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/13504851.2015.1117038","article-title":"Smart cities within world city networks","author":"Wall","year":"2016","journal-title":"Applied Economics Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0540","series-title":"Helping CIOs understand \u201csmart city\u201d initiatives: Defining the smart city, its drivers, and the role of the CIO","author":"Washburn","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0545","author":"WCED (The World Commission on Environment and Development)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009_bb0555","series-title":"Smart cities benchmarking in China","author":"Zhang","year":"2012"}],"container-title":["Cities"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264275116302578?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0264275116302578?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,25]],"date-time":"2018-06-25T12:22:10Z","timestamp":1529929330000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0264275116302578"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"references-count":105,"alternative-id":["S0264275116302578"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["0264-2751"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0264-2751","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"What are the differences between sustainable and smart cities?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cities","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cities.2016.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}