{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T14:20:19Z","timestamp":1783088419742,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52275122"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52275122"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["12132010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["12132010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T11:37:37Z","timestamp":1778758657000},"page":"110121","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Weak signal detection in cascaded stochastic resonance systems using PSOCNN with correlation time optimization"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"161","author":[{"given":"Xiangxiang","family":"Wen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junjie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xukun","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beining","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yubin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinjun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjph.2020.05.009","article-title":"Weak fault feature extraction method based on compound tri-stable stochastic resonance","volume":"66","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2024.03.001","article-title":"Vibrational resonance: a review","volume":"1067","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Phys Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7417","DOI":"10.1109\/TIE.2022.3201320","article-title":"An intelligent defect detection approach based on cascade attention network under complex magnetic flux leakage signals","volume":"70","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Ind Electron"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6913","DOI":"10.3390\/s21206913","article-title":"Novel prediction of diagnosis effectiveness for adaptation of the Spectral Kurtosis technology to varying operating conditions","volume":"21","author":"Kolbe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0005","first-page":"582","article-title":"Empirical mode decomposition of weak fault characteristic signal of rolling bearing under strong noise background","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Vib Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0006","article-title":"Improved uniform phase empirical mode decomposition and its application in machinery fault diagnosis","volume":"179","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0007","article-title":"Joint suppression of normal gear mesh component and background noise for early local fault detection based on dynamic evolutionary digital filter","volume":"201","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s42417-022-00466-3","article-title":"Second-order multisynchrosqueezing wavelet transform for bearing fault detection","volume":"10","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vib Eng Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"L453","DOI":"10.1088\/0305-4470\/14\/11\/006","article-title":"The mechanism of stochastic resonance","volume":"14","author":"Benzi","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Phys A Math Gen"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0375-9601(83)90086-5","article-title":"Stochastic resonance in a bistable system","volume":"97","author":"Fauve","year":"1983","journal-title":"Phys Lett A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.60.2626","article-title":"Observation of stochastic resonance in a ring laser","volume":"60","author":"McNamara","year":"1988","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1799","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.67.1799","article-title":"Observation of stochastic resonance in bistable electron-paramagnetic-resonance systems","volume":"67","author":"Gammaitoni","year":"1991","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1103\/RevModPhys.70.223","article-title":"Stochastic resonance","volume":"70","author":"Gammaitoni","year":"1998","journal-title":"Rev Mod Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjph.2020.09.017","article-title":"A new method for weak fault feature extraction based on piecewise mixed stochastic resonance","volume":"68","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2016.02.032","article-title":"Stochastic resonance in a piecewise nonlinear model driven by multiplicative non-gaussian noise and additive white noise","volume":"38","author":"Guo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simul"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2022.112457","article-title":"Unsaturated piecewise bistable stochastic resonance with three kinds of asymmetries driven by multiplicative and additive noise","volume":"162","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-021-0572-4","article-title":"Robust gradient estimation algorithm for a stochastic system with colored noise","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Control Autom Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0018","article-title":"Dynamical analysis and fault detection application of a time-delayed multi-stable stochastic resonance system driven by white correlated noises","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3677819","article-title":"Influence of noise color on stochastic resonance in hysteretic systems","volume":"111","author":"Dimian","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjph.2020.11.015","article-title":"Study on the mean first-passage time and stochastic resonance of a multi-stable system with colored correlated noises","volume":"69","author":"Han","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2023.113211","article-title":"A fast search method for optimal parameters of stochastic resonance based on stochastic bifurcation and its application in fault diagnosis of rolling bearings","volume":"168","author":"Ai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5030578","article-title":"Stochastic resonance in a non-smooth system under colored noise excitations with a controllable parameter","volume":"28","author":"Lei","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chaos"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjph.2024.11.031","article-title":"Stochastic resonance in time-delayed bistable coupled network systems driven by gaussian white noise","volume":"95","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chinese J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0024","first-page":"499","article-title":"A new adaptive cascaded stochastic resonance method for impact features extraction in gear fault diagnosis","volume":"91","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microrel.2017.03.018","article-title":"Multi-frequency weak signal detection based on multi-segment cascaded stochastic resonance for rolling bearings","volume":"75","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microelectron Reliab"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.3390\/machines9110275","article-title":"Multi-frequency weak signal decomposition and reconstruction of rolling bearing based on adaptive cascaded stochastic resonance","volume":"9","author":"Xu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Machines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219477521500450","article-title":"Cascaded nonlinear mass fluctuation stochastic resonance system and its application in bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Fluct Noise Lett"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5385","DOI":"10.3390\/app11125385","article-title":"A novel advancing signal processing method based on coupled multi-stable stochastic resonance for fault detection","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2018.05.004","article-title":"A novel adaptive stochastic resonance method based on coupled bistable systems and its application in rolling bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"114","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mech Syst Signal Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ac60d5","article-title":"A novel multivariate signal processing-based fault diagnosis approach of rotating machinery under various operating conditions","volume":"33","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4052639","article-title":"Online signal denoising using adaptive stochastic resonance in parallel array and its application to acoustic emission signals","volume":"144","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Vib Acoust"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162230","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3020881","article-title":"Magnetic anomaly signal detection using parallel monostable stochastic resonance system","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2024.115553","article-title":"Application of a vibration resonance-assisted enhanced feedforward cascaded stochastic resonance system in bearing diagnostics","volume":"188","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3203","DOI":"10.1007\/s11431-011-4612-9","article-title":"Fault feature enhancement of gearbox in combined machining center by using adaptive cascade stochastic resonance","volume":"54","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci China Technol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0035","article-title":"Fault diagnosis using cascaded adaptive second-order tristable stochastic resonance and empirical mode decomposition","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl Sci (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6529","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146529","article-title":"Bearing fault-detection method based on improved grey wolf algorithm to optimize parameters of multistable stochastic resonance","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2024.115576","article-title":"A secondary optimization strategy in stochastic resonance modelling for the detection of unknown bearing faults","volume":"189","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chaos Solitons Fractals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0038","article-title":"An improved bistable stochastic resonance method and its application in early bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"15","author":"Zhao","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176644","article-title":"Weak fault feature extraction method based on improved stochastic resonance","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4429","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094429","article-title":"High-performance adaptive weak fault diagnosis based on the global parameter optimization model of a cascaded stochastic resonance system","volume":"23","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0041","series-title":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing","article-title":"Characteristics analysis of globally cascaded stochastic resonance","author":"Lian","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-020-06143-y","article-title":"An adaptive vibrational resonance method based on cascaded varying stable-state nonlinear systems and its application in rotating machine fault detection","volume":"103","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21327","DOI":"10.3390\/s150921327","article-title":"Generalized parameter-adjusted stochastic resonance of duffing oscillator and its application to weak-signal detection","volume":"15","author":"Lai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sensors (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-021-06369-4","article-title":"Stochastic resonance in cascaded monostable systems with double feedback and its application in rolling bearing fault feature extraction","volume":"104","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dyn"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2024.104871","article-title":"CNN intelligent diagnosis method for bearing incipient faint faults based on adaptive stochastic resonance-wave peak cross correlation sliding sampling","volume":"156","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Digit Signal Process"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/aca216","article-title":"Adaptive progressive learning stochastic resonance for weak signal detection","volume":"34","author":"Zong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Meas Sci Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8730","DOI":"10.3390\/s22228730","article-title":"Research on a bearing fault enhancement diagnosis method with convolutional neural network based on adaptive stochastic resonance","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2024.03.020","article-title":"A novel stochastic resonance based deep residual network for fault diagnosis of rolling bearing system","volume":"148","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISA Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjph.2021.10.004","article-title":"Stochastic resonance of an asymmetric tristable system driven by cross-correlated Ornstein-Uhlenbeck noise","volume":"77","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Phys"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsv.2005.09.040","article-title":"Numerical analysis and engineering application of large parameter stochastic resonance","volume":"292","author":"Leng","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Sound Vib"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ress.2024.109964","article-title":"Domain generalization for cross-domain fault diagnosis: an application-oriented perspective and a benchmark study","volume":"245","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Reliab Eng Syst Saf"}],"container-title":["Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1007570426004806?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1007570426004806?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T13:32:02Z","timestamp":1783085522000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1007570426004806"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S1007570426004806"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121","relation":{},"ISSN":["1007-5704"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1007-5704","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Weak signal detection in cascaded stochastic resonance systems using PSOCNN with correlation time optimization","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cnsns.2026.110121","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110121"}}