{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T18:04:45Z","timestamp":1779559485242,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cognitive Systems Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T15:52:58Z","timestamp":1775231578000},"page":"101471","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Assessment of cognitive burden for project portfolio decision mechanisms"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8539-8788","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emin Ercan","family":"Cihan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cigdem Alabas","family":"Uslu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jik.2017.07.003","article-title":"Knowledge management, decision-making style and organizational performance","volume":"4","author":"Abubakar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Innovation and Knowledge"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-11-2019-1532","article-title":"Knowledge translation in project portfolio decision-making: The role of organizational alignment and information support system in selecting innovative ideas","volume":"58","author":"Annosi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0015","first-page":"2","article-title":"Randomness in a Galton board from the viewpoint of predictability: Sensitivity and statistical bias of output states","volume":"86","author":"Arai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physical Review E - Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2012.11.006","article-title":"Behavior of internal stakeholders in project portfolio management and its impact on success","volume":"31","author":"Beringer","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0025","series-title":"General System Theory Foundations, Development, Applications","first-page":"30","article-title":"General System Theory","author":"von Bertalanffy","year":"1968"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2012.01.016","article-title":"Absorptive, innovative and adaptive capabilities and their impact on project and project portfolio performance","volume":"30","author":"Biedenbach","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2018.05.003","article-title":"Project complexity and team-level absorptive capacity as drivers of project management performance","volume":"36","author":"Bjorvatn","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2007.06.004","article-title":"Project portfolio management - There\u2019s more to it than what management enacts","volume":"26","author":"Blichfeldt","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0967-070X(02)00014-8","article-title":"Big decisions, big risks. improving accountability in mega projects","volume":"9","author":"Bruzelius","year":"2002","journal-title":"Transport Policy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2011.05.005","article-title":"The effects of Project Management Information Systems on decision making in a multi project environment","volume":"30","author":"Cani\u00ebls","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chaparro, X. A. F., Gomes, L. A. de V., & Nascimento, P. T. de S. (2019). The evolution of project portfolio selection methods\u00a0: from incremental to radical innovation. 26(3), 212\u2013236. Doi: 10.1108\/REGE-10-2018-0096.","DOI":"10.1108\/REGE-10-2018-0096"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cihan, E. E. (2025). Future of project portfolio management: Bridging data-driven and human-centric approaches. Honoring 60 Years of Project Management: Leading the Way into the Future, 1\u201319. https:\/\/publications.ipma.world\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/1-IPMA-RC-2025.pdf.","DOI":"10.56889\/nxhl8876"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1108\/MD-06-2022-0853","article-title":"Hyper-project portfolio management: Post-merger project portfolios","volume":"61","author":"Cihan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Management Decision"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0075","unstructured":"Cooke-Davies, T., Crawford, L., Patton, J. R., Stevens, C., & Williams, T. M. (2011). Aspects of complexity: Managing projects in a complex world."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6025","DOI":"10.1108\/K-04-2022-0644","article-title":"Initial preference algorithm of industrial project portfolio","volume":"52","author":"Cihan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9310.00225","article-title":"Portfolio management for new product development\u00a0: Results of an industry practices study","volume":"31","author":"Cooper","year":"2001","journal-title":"R&D Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMDM.2017.085638","article-title":"A systematic comparison of multi-criteria decision making methods for the improvement of project portfolio management in complex organisations","volume":"16","author":"Danesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Management and Decision Making"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1504\/IJMDM.2018.088813","article-title":"Multi-criteria decision-making methods for project portfolio management: A literature review","volume":"17","author":"Danesh","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Management and Decision Making"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-4752(00)00034-7","article-title":"Fostering conceptual change by analogies - between Scylla and Charybdis","volume":"11","author":"Duit","year":"2001","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11760-011-0228-6","article-title":"Tartaglia-Pascal\u2019s triangle: A historical perspective with applications","volume":"7","author":"Farina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Signal, Image and Video Processing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0105","first-page":"109","article-title":"Prime Numbers in Generalized Pascal Triangles","volume":"1","author":"Farkas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Acta Technica Jaurinensis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1038\/075450a0","article-title":"Presents Vox Populi (the Wisdom of Crowds)","volume":"75","author":"Galton","year":"1949","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/10400419.2016.1162497","article-title":"Linkographic evidence for concurrent Divergent and Convergent Thinking in Creative Design","volume":"28","author":"Goldschmidt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Creativity Research Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2013.01.002","article-title":"Dealing with legitimacy: A key challenge for Project Portfolio Management decision makers","volume":"32","author":"Guti\u00e9rrez","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haghighi, F., & Mojtaba, S. (2018). Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory Designing a hybrid system dynamic model for analyzing the impact of strategic alignment on project portfolio selection. 89(October), 175\u2013194. Doi: 10.1016\/j.simpat.2018.10.001.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2018.10.001"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scaman.2013.08.005","article-title":"Effects of complexity on the success of temporary organizations: Relationship quality and transparency as substitutes for formal coordination mechanisms","volume":"30","author":"Hanisch","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1002\/pad.1649","article-title":"Balancing research and organizational capacity building in front-end project design: Experiences from danida\u2019s enreca programme","volume":"33","author":"Hjorts\u00f8","year":"2013","journal-title":"Public Administration and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0140","article-title":"Causality in the Sciences","volume":"Vol. 15, Issue 1","author":"Illari","year":"2011"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0145","first-page":"4463","article-title":"GALTON \u2019 S QUINCUNX\u00a0: RANDOM WALK OR","volume":"17","author":"Judd","year":"2007","journal-title":"CHAOS ?"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kafouros, M., Love, J. H., Ganotakis, P., & Konara, P. (2020). Experience in R&D collaborations, innovative performance and the moderating effect of different dimensions of absorptive capacity. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150(December 2018). Doi: 10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119757.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2019.119757"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMPB-01-2017-0003","article-title":"Managing portfolio interdependencies: The effects of visual data representations on project portfolio decision making","volume":"10","author":"Killen","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Managing Projects in Business"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2020.04.002","article-title":"The role of decision makers\u2019 use of visualizations in project portfolio decision making","volume":"38","author":"Killen","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1111\/jpim.12336","article-title":"Antecedents to Decision-making Quality and Agility in Innovation Portfolio Management","volume":"33","author":"Kock","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Product Innovation Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s003620100048","article-title":"The quincunx: History and mathematics","volume":"42","author":"Kunert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Statistical Papers"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0175","first-page":"332","article-title":"Achieving decision-making quality and organisational agility in innovation portfolio management in telecommunication 4.0","volume":"8","author":"Kurniawan","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Levine, H. A. (2005). Project Portfolio Management. In John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jossey-Bass. Doi: 10.4018\/978-1-7998-1760-4.ch030.","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-7998-1760-4.ch030"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.08.022","article-title":"An alternative efficient representation for the project portfolio selection problem","volume":"281","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enganabound.2015.09.003","article-title":"A multiple-scale Pascal polynomial triangle solving elliptic equations and inverse Cauchy problems","volume":"62","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.shpsb.2006.04.006","article-title":"What could be objective about probabilities?","volume":"38","author":"Maudlin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B - Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1108\/13673271111137402","article-title":"Developing organisational decision-making capability: A knowledge manager\u2019s guide","volume":"15","author":"McKenzie","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Knowledge Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2013.07.004","article-title":"Exploring the roles of portfolio steering committees in project portfolio governance","volume":"32","author":"Mosavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2016.11.002","article-title":"Theories for classification vs. classification as theory: Implications of classification and typology for the development of project management theories","volume":"35","author":"Niknazar","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1108\/13683040510634844","article-title":"Project outcomes and outputs: Making the intangible tangible","volume":"9","author":"Nogeste","year":"2005","journal-title":"Measuring Business Excellence"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1108\/17538370810866377","article-title":"Development of a method to improve the definition and alignment of intangible project outcomes and tangible project outputs","volume":"1","author":"Nogeste","year":"2008","journal-title":"International Journal of Managing Projects in Business"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0225","article-title":"A trade-off multiobjective dynamic programming procedure and its application to project portfolio selection","volume":"0123456789","author":"Nowak","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of Operations Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/0097-8493(91)90085-V","article-title":"Notes on Pascal\u2019s pyramid for Personal Computer users","volume":"15","author":"Nugent","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chaos and Graphics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0235","article-title":"The impact of project portfolio management practices on the relationship between organizational ambidexterity and project performance success","author":"Ojiako","year":"2021","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0240","first-page":"688","article-title":"ScienceDirect are complexity and uncertainty distinct concepts in project management\u00a0? A taxonomical examination from literature","volume":"34","author":"Padalkar","year":"2016","journal-title":"JPMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2016.01.006","article-title":"Integrated PPM Process: Scale Development and Validation","volume":"34","author":"Padovani","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2015.01.004","article-title":"Key attributes of effectiveness in managing project portfolio","volume":"33","author":"Patanakul","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2015.08.004","article-title":"An investigation of the influence of organizational design on project portfolio success, effectiveness and business efficiency for project-based organizations","volume":"33","author":"Petro","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)ME.1943-5479.0000685","article-title":"Organizational Ambidexterity: A critical Review and Development of a Project-Focused Definition","volume":"35","author":"Petro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Management in Engineering"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/09537287.2019.1630683","article-title":"Organizational ambidexterity: Using project portfolio management to support project-level ambidexterity","volume":"31","author":"Petro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Production Planning and Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1080\/03081079.2014.883743","article-title":"On the history of Ludwig von Bertalanffys \u201cgeneral systemology\u201d, and on its relationship to cybernetics-Part II: Contexts and developments of the systemological hermeneutics instigated by von Bertalanffy","volume":"43","author":"Pouvreau","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of General Systems"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1198\/tast.2010.09184","article-title":"Beyond the quintessential quincunx","volume":"64","author":"Proschan","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Statistician"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1002\/inst.12207","article-title":"A Framework for Understanding Systems Principles and Methods","volume":"21","author":"Rousseau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Insight"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1108\/IJMPB-02-2020-0058","article-title":"Organizational flexibility and project portfolio performance: The roles of innovation, absorptive capacity and environmental dynamism","volume":"14","author":"Saeed","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Managing Projects in Business"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0290","unstructured":"Sampath, S., Gel, E. S., Fowler, J. W., & Kempf, K. G. (2015). Planning at Intel Corporation A Decision-Making Framework for Project. October."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sampath, S., Gel, E. S., Kempf, K. G., & Fowler, J. W. (2021). A generalized decision support framework for large-scale project portfolio decisions. Decision Sciences, January 2019, 1\u201324. Doi: 10.1111\/deci.12507.","DOI":"10.1111\/deci.12507"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0300","series-title":"Gaming , simulation and Decision making in Project Portfolio Managemen","author":"Shalbafan","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0305","unstructured":"Spirtes, P. L., Glymour, C., & Scheines, R. (1989). Causality from Probability Laboratory for Computational Linguistics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0310","series-title":"Elements of Mathematics","first-page":"279","article-title":"Probability","author":"Stillwell","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0315","first-page":"110","article-title":"Untangling the mystery of absorptive capacity: A process or a set of success factors?","volume":"28","author":"Stulova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of High Technology Management Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219622009003429","article-title":"A multicriteria decision support system for competence-driven project portfolio selection","volume":"8","author":"Stummer","year":"2009","journal-title":"International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Making"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0325","series-title":"Handbook of Systems Sciences","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systems Modeling","author":"Takahashi","year":"2020"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s42786-021-00031-8","article-title":"An improved visual analytics framework for high-dimensional pareto-optimal front: A case for multi-objective portfolio optimization","volume":"5","author":"Talukder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Banking and Financial Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"596","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2012.01.020","article-title":"Formalization of project portfolio management: The moderating role of project portfolio complexity","volume":"30","author":"Teller","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2012.01.015","article-title":"The three roles of a project portfolio management office: Their impact on portfolio management execution and success","volume":"30","author":"Unger","year":"2012","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0345","series-title":"Systems Isomorphisms in Stochastic Dynamic Systems","author":"Venkatachalapathy","year":"2020"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1108\/03684920810884928","article-title":"Understanding project complexity: Implications on project management","volume":"37","author":"Vidal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Kybernetes"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijproman.2012.11.005","article-title":"Impact of relationship value on project portfolio success - investigating the moderating effects of portfolio characteristics and external turbulence","volume":"31","author":"Voss","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Project Management"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1214\/14-STS468","article-title":"Revisiting Francis Galton\u2019s forecasting competition","volume":"29","author":"Wallis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Statistical Science"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2019.1609890","article-title":"Project portfolio implementation under uncertainty and interdependencies: A simulation study of behavioural responses","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.4018\/jcini.2007040105","article-title":"The Cognitive Process of Decision making","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence (IJCINI)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471_b0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBEX.2019.101529","article-title":"Project portfolio management: A landscape of the literature","volume":"18","author":"Yamakawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Business Excellence"}],"container-title":["Cognitive Systems Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389041726000380?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389041726000380?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,23]],"date-time":"2026-05-23T17:17:56Z","timestamp":1779556676000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389041726000380"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S1389041726000380"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-0417"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-0417","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of cognitive burden for project portfolio decision mechanisms","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Cognitive Systems Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogsys.2026.101471","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101471"}}