{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T05:18:20Z","timestamp":1780636700295,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776038400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T04:58:01Z","timestamp":1776142681000},"page":"108526","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The human digital twin for service management: Architecture and user modeling"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-3801-0866","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matteo","family":"Fratta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8745-1327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Floris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0792-1200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simone","family":"Porcu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1350-3574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luigi","family":"Atzori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"706","DOI":"10.1109\/COMST.2023.3308717","article-title":"Networking Architecture and Key Supporting Technologies for Human Digital Twin in Personalized Healthcare: A Comprehensive Survey","volume":"26","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1109\/MNET.118.2200071","article-title":"Human digital twin for personalized healthcare: Vision, architecture and future directions","volume":"37","author":"Okegbile","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1017\/pds.2022.132","article-title":"Designing human digital twins for behaviour-changing therapy and rehabilitation: A systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Lauer-Schmaltz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Des. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2021.11.077","article-title":"Architecture of a human-digital twin as common interface for operator 4.0 applications","volume":"104","author":"L\u00f6cklin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Procedia CIRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1017\/pds.2022.132","article-title":"Designing human digital twins for behaviour-changing therapy and rehabilitation: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Lauer-Schmaltz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Des. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2022.3199471","article-title":"Reinforcement learning assisted bandwidth aware virtual network resource allocation","volume":"19","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b7","article-title":"Quality of experience evaluation of voice communication: an affect-based approach","volume":"2","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2012","journal-title":"\u201dHuman-Centric Comput. Inf. Sciences\u201d"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b8","series-title":"2019 Eleventh International Conference on Quality of Multimedia Experience (QoMEX)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Emotional impact of video quality: Self-assessment and facial expression recognition","author":"Porcu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3638251","article-title":"Qoe estimation of webrtc-based audio-visual conversations from facial and speech features","volume":"20","author":"Bing\u00f6l","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6857","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3453992","article-title":"Qoe-driven cross-layer bitrate allocation approach for MEC-supported adaptive video streaming","volume":"21","author":"Yeznabad","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2024.3351669","article-title":"Novel adaptive multi-user multi-services scheduling to enhance throughput in 5G-advanced and beyond","volume":"21","author":"Ravindran","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rcim.2023.102608","article-title":"A deep learning-enhanced digital twin framework for improving safety and reliability in human\u2013robot collaborative manufacturing","volume":"85","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Robot. Comput.-Integr. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b13","first-page":"1","article-title":"Digital human twins and the military metaverse: opportunities and challenges","author":"Fawkes","year":"2025","journal-title":"AI SOCIETY"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.3390\/computers14080322","article-title":"Digital twin-enhanced programming education: An empirical study on learning engagement and skill acquisition","volume":"14","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7758","DOI":"10.3390\/app10217758","article-title":"Digital twin for monitoring ergonomics during manufacturing production","volume":"10","author":"Greco","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26637","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2971576","article-title":"Human digital twin for fitness management","volume":"8","author":"Barricelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2023.3310060","article-title":"Cloud-edge-client collaborative learning in digital twin empowered mobile networks","volume":"41","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b18","first-page":"1","article-title":"Revolutionizing qoe-driven network management with digital agents in 6G","author":"Shen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s41233-023-00059-2","article-title":"Towards enhancing ecological validity in user studies: a systematic review of guidelines and implications for QoE research","volume":"8","author":"Subramanian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Qual. User Exp."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.003.2300351","article-title":"Generative AI for semantic communication: Architecture, challenges, and outlook","volume":"32","author":"Xia","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b21","series-title":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","first-page":"1","article-title":"Predicting mobility management demands of cellular networks based on user behavior","author":"Makai","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-019-01516-6","article-title":"A six-layer architecture for the digital twin: a manufacturing case study implementation","volume":"31","author":"Redelinghuys","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app132413262","article-title":"From cyber\u2013physical convergence to digital twins: A review on edge computing use case designs","volume":"13","author":"Hlophe","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b24","series-title":"Methods for Subjective Determination of Transmission Quality","author":"ITU","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b25","series-title":"2023 IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps)","first-page":"365","article-title":"Analysis of application-layer data to estimate the QoE of webrtc-based audiovisual conversations","author":"Hamidi","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2024.110356","article-title":"Webrtc-qoe: A dataset of QoE assessment of subjective scores, network impairments, and facial & speech features","volume":"244","author":"Bingol","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3210","DOI":"10.1109\/TMM.2020.2973828","article-title":"DeepQoE: A multimodal learning framework for video quality of experience (QoE) prediction","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Multimed."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b28","series-title":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing Workshops","first-page":"1","article-title":"A clustered federated learning approach for estimating the quality of experience of web users","author":"Porcu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526_b29","first-page":"1273","article-title":"Communication-efficient learning of deep networks from decentralized data","author":"McMahan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Artificial intelligence and statistics"}],"container-title":["Computer Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140366426001167?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0140366426001167?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T08:19:00Z","timestamp":1777537140000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0140366426001167"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["S0140366426001167"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526","relation":{},"ISSN":["0140-3664"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0140-3664","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The human digital twin for service management: Architecture and user modeling","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comcom.2026.108526","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108526"}}