{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T10:15:09Z","timestamp":1780913709651,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTEP-20241026 - HERMESS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTEP-20241026 - HERMESS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTEP-20241026"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTEP-20241026"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100017407","name":"International University of La Rioja","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PP-2024-13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PP-2024-13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100017407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]],"date-time":"2025-08-13T15:59:36Z","timestamp":1755100776000},"page":"111627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Hybrid IoT network for real-time monitoring of maritime containers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"271","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3097-5783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar","family":"Ledesma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5877-045X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula","family":"Lamo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20498","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2023.3287196","article-title":"Marine IoT systems with space\u2013air\u2013sea integrated networks: hybrid LEO and UAV edge computing","volume":"10","author":"Jung","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEe Internet. Things. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.120043","article-title":"Vessel classification using AIS data","volume":"319","author":"Meyer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ocean Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.100982","article-title":"IoT-based supply chain management: a systematic literature review","volume":"24","author":"Taj","year":"2023","journal-title":"Internet Thing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/s41072-022-00110-z","article-title":"Internet of Things enabled real time cold chain monitoring in a container port","volume":"7","author":"Cil","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Shipp. Trade"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9742","DOI":"10.3390\/app13179742","article-title":"Navigating the sea of data: a comprehensive review on data analysis in maritime IoT applications","volume":"13","author":"Durlik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3390\/s24041227","article-title":"Non-terrestrial networks for energy-efficient connectivity of remote IoT devices in the 6G era: a survey","volume":"24","author":"Plastras","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1640","DOI":"10.3390\/rs16091640","article-title":"Space\u2013air\u2013ground\u2013sea integrated network with federated learning","volume":"16","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0008","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fundamentals of satellite-Maritime Communications: downlink and uplink analysis","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEe Trans. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13081444","article-title":"Synergy between Low Earth Orbit (LEO)\u2014MODIS and geostationary earth orbit (GEO)\u2014GOES sensors for Sargassum monitoring in the Atlantic Ocean","volume":"13","author":"Minghelli","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0010","series-title":"2021 13th International Conference on Wireless Communications and Signal Processing (WCSP)","first-page":"1","article-title":"LoRa performance analysis for LEO satellite IoT networks","author":"Zhou","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21659","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3378177","article-title":"Network coding-based multipath transmission for LEO satellite networks with domain cluster","volume":"11","author":"Ouyang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEe Internet. Things. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12152507","article-title":"Integrated satellite\u2013Terrestrial connectivity for autonomous ships: survey and future research directions","volume":"12","author":"H\u00f6yhty\u00e4","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/iot5020010","article-title":"Development of a multi-radio device for dry container monitoring and tracking","volume":"5","author":"Falcitelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"IoT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13030579","article-title":"Trends in LPWAN technologies for LEO satellite constellations in the NewSpace context","volume":"13","author":"Ledesma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0015","series-title":"IGARSS 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium","first-page":"7424","article-title":"Multiple ship tracking across multiple LEO satellites","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0016","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/CIC International Conference on Communications in China (ICCC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modeling and analysis of end-to-end LEO satellite-aided shore-to-ship communications","author":"Hu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9198","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229198","article-title":"ConGPS: A smart container positioning system using inertial sensor and electronic map with infrequent GPS","volume":"23","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9714","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2993411","article-title":"Internet of ships: a survey on architectures, emerging applications, and challenges","volume":"7","author":"Aslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEe Internet. Things. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2083","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9122083","article-title":"Data Quality and trust: review of challenges and opportunities for Data sharing in IoT","volume":"9","author":"Byabazaire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3390\/s25010079","article-title":"Securing cloud-based internet of things: challenges and mitigations","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iot.2023.101005","article-title":"Connectivity standards alliance matter: state of the art and opportunities","volume":"25","author":"Belli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Internet Thing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.3390\/iot5020010","article-title":"Development of a multi-radio device for dry container monitoring and tracking","volume":"5","author":"Falcitelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"IoT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6450","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176450","article-title":"Enhanced communications on satellite-based IoT systems to support maritime transportation services","volume":"22","author":"Monzon Baeza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0024","series-title":"2020 IEEE 17th Annual Consumer Communications & Networking Conference (CCNC)","first-page":"1","article-title":"IoT-enabled shipping container with environmental monitoring and location tracking","author":"Salah","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0025","series-title":"2024 10th International Conference on Communication and Signal Processing (ICCSP)","first-page":"1106","article-title":"Smart ports solutions for cargo container tracking and vessel traffic counting systems using IoT and cloud computing","author":"Priya","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4895","DOI":"10.3390\/s22134895","article-title":"Towards a secure and scalable maritime monitoring system using blockchain and low-cost IoT technology","volume":"22","author":"Freire","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2928","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2964245","article-title":"Performance analysis of onshore NB-IoT for container tracking during near-the-shore vessel navigation","volume":"7","author":"Kavuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEe Internet. Things. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0028","series-title":"2024 3rd International Conference on Sentiment Analysis and Deep Learning (ICSADL)","first-page":"581","article-title":"An advanced container tracking system for real-time monitoring and automated alerting of container security and logistics","author":"Rajan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.008.2200215","article-title":"Space-terrestrial integrated internet of things: challenges and opportunities","volume":"60","author":"Fraire","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEe Commun. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0030","series-title":"2024 IEEE Biennial Congress of Argentina (ARGENCON)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance assessment of LoRaWAN DtS-IoT networks: operation modes and server placement","author":"Scapin","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace10010053","article-title":"LoRaWAN CubeSat with an adaptive data rate: an experimental analysis of path loss link margin","volume":"10","author":"Mehdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aerospace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26630","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3418728","article-title":"Satellite visibility prediction for constrained devices in direct-to-Satellite IoT systems","volume":"24","author":"Ortigueira","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEe Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics8010028","article-title":"Smart Ports in Industry 4.0: a systematic literature review","volume":"8","author":"Paraskevas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Logistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1109\/MCOM.008.2200215","article-title":"Space-terrestrial integrated internet of things: challenges and opportunities","volume":"60","author":"Fraire","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEe Commun. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6450","DOI":"10.3390\/s22176450","article-title":"Enhanced communications on satellite-based IoT systems to support maritime transportation services","volume":"22","author":"Monzon Baeza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0036","series-title":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData)","first-page":"1782","article-title":"Sensorless monitoring of shipping containers","author":"Mito","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.3390\/app12052532","article-title":"Digitalizing maritime containers shipping companies: impacts on their processes","volume":"12","author":"Sanchez-Gonzalez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9172","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229172","article-title":"Leveraging larger AES keys in LoRaWAN: a practical evaluation of energy and time costs","volume":"23","author":"Thaenkaew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2897","DOI":"10.3390\/s24092897","article-title":"A survey on satellite communication system security","volume":"24","author":"Kang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9248","DOI":"10.3390\/su13169248","article-title":"Exploring and validating container operational risk scale in container shipping: the case of Ethiopian shipping and logistics service enterprise","volume":"13","author":"Abdulahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.3390\/computers13100261","article-title":"Enhancing information exchange in ship maintenance through digital twins and IoT: a comprehensive framework","volume":"13","author":"Golovan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8349","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.8349","article-title":"An innovative performance assessment method for increasing the efficiency of AODV routing protocol in VANETs through colored timed petri nets","volume":"37","author":"Heidari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-95854-6","article-title":"Unmanned aerial vehicle routing based on frog-leaping optimization algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Maleki","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8252","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.8252","article-title":"Assessment of reliability and availability of wireless sensor networks in industrial applications by considering permanent faults","volume":"36","author":"Heidari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3255","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-025-03932-4","article-title":"Securing and optimizing IoT offloading with blockchain and deep reinforcement learning in multi-user environments","volume":"31","author":"Heidari","year":"2025","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4232","DOI":"10.3390\/rs14174232","article-title":"Performance evaluation of random access methods for IoT-over-satellite","volume":"14","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5654","DOI":"10.3390\/app13095654","article-title":"Lower inclination orbit concept for direct-communication-to-satellite internet-of-things using lean satellite standard in near-equatorial regions","volume":"13","author":"Haitaamar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0049","series-title":"2024 IEEE Biennial Congress of Argentina (ARGENCON)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performance assessment of LoRaWAN DtS-IoT networks: operation modes and server placement","author":"Scapin","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace10010053","article-title":"LoRaWAN CubeSat with an adaptive data rate: an experimental analysis of path loss link margin","volume":"10","author":"Mehdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aerospace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.3390\/s24113412","article-title":"Caching policy in low earth orbit satellite mega-constellation information-centric networking for internet of things","volume":"24","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0052","series-title":"2024 12th International Conference on Information Systems and Computing Technology (ISCTech)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Traffic scheduling mechanism of satellite-terrestrial integrated networks for internet of vehicles","author":"Pan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2023.3280315","article-title":"Nonorthogonal replication scheme for ALOHA uplink in LPWAN","volume":"20","author":"de","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0054","first-page":"1","article-title":"A survey on random access protocols in direct-access LEO satellite-based IoT communication","author":"Le","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutor."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0055","first-page":"30","article-title":"LoRaWAN in environmental monitoring: balancing end-to-end encryption and low-latency requirements for real-time hazard alerts","volume":"2","author":"Koushik","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Model. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0056","series-title":"2023 SBMO\/IEEE MTT-S International Microwave and Optoelectronics Conference (IMOC)","first-page":"22","article-title":"Uplink performance of massive LoRaWAN","author":"Sousa","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0057","series-title":"2025 IEEE 21st International Conference on Factory Communication Systems (WFCS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Achieving reduced latency and energy efficiency in direct-to-satellite LoRaWAN communications","author":"Rolland","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1007\/s11276-023-03542-y","article-title":"LoRaWAN sensor: energy analysis and modeling","volume":"30","author":"Ghaderi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wirel. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su152216014","article-title":"Digital technique-enabled container logistics supply chain sustainability achievement","volume":"15","author":"Lyu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/fi16010027","article-title":"Service function chain deployment algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning in space\u2013air\u2013ground integrated network","volume":"16","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Internet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1038\/s44287-024-00088-9","article-title":"Low-Earth orbit satellite constellations for global communication network connectivity","volume":"1","author":"Lagunas","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9439","DOI":"10.3390\/app14209439","article-title":"AI-driven predictive maintenance in modern maritime transport\u2014enhancing operational efficiency and reliability","volume":"14","author":"Simion","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6400","DOI":"10.3390\/s23146400","article-title":"A CNN-LSTM architecture for marine vessel track association using automatic identification system (AIS) data","volume":"23","author":"Syed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0247642","article-title":"A nano-design of a quantum-based arithmetic and logic unit for enhancing the efficiency of the future IoT applications","volume":"15","author":"Ahmadpour","year":"2025","journal-title":"AIP. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7286","DOI":"10.3390\/s22197286","article-title":"Security performance analysis of LEO satellite constellation networks under DDoS attack","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8320","DOI":"10.3390\/s23198320","article-title":"Robust symbol timing synchronization for initial access under LEO satellite channel","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5056","DOI":"10.1002\/ett.5056","article-title":"Botnets unveiled: A comprehensive survey on evolving threats and defense strategies","volume":"35","author":"Asadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/info13010022","article-title":"Cyber Security in the maritime industry: a systematic survey of recent advances and future trends","volume":"13","author":"Ben Farah","year":"2022","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.3390\/s19071711","article-title":"Internet of Things in Marine Environment monitoring: a review","volume":"19","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3390\/asi6030058","article-title":"Experimental evaluation of an IoT-based platform for Maritime transport services","volume":"6","author":"Noto","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Syst. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1029\/2021RS007423","article-title":"Energy consumption of IoT devices: an accurate evaluation to better predict battery lifetime","volume":"57","author":"Faye","year":"2022","journal-title":"Radio Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4896","DOI":"10.3390\/s23104896","article-title":"Comparative analysis of power consumption between MQTT and HTTP protocols in an IoT platform designed and implemented for remote real-time monitoring of long-term cold chain transport operations","volume":"23","author":"Jara Ochoa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.3390\/en18040987","article-title":"Optimizing IoT energy efficiency: real-time adaptive algorithms for smart meters with LoRaWAN and NB-IoT","volume":"18","author":"Al-Sammak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0076","series-title":"2024 4th International Conference on Computer Science, Electronic Information Engineering and Intelligent Control Technology (CEI)","first-page":"288","article-title":"Optimization design and performance research of 5G P-IOT passive tags based on LPWAN and transformer in long range coverage transmission","author":"Hu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0077","first-page":"13","article-title":"LoRa Alliance certification","author":"Hunt","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. ICT Stand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0078","unstructured":"LoRa Alliance\u00ae,RP002-1.0.4 regional parameters, (2023). https:\/\/resources.lora-alliance.org\/technical-specifications\/rp002-1-0-4-regional-parameters (accessed July 10, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9172","DOI":"10.3390\/s23229172","article-title":"Leveraging larger AES keys in LoRaWAN: A practical evaluation of energy and time costs","volume":"23","author":"Thaenkaew","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.3390\/math10193421","article-title":"A comprehensive analysis of LoRaWAN key security models and possible attack solutions","volume":"10","author":"Ntshabele","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse12030439","article-title":"Application of artificial intelligence in maritime transportation","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Mar. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.3390\/inventions9050106","article-title":"Energy analysis of standardized shipping containers for housing","volume":"9","author":"Fari\u00f1a","year":"2024","journal-title":"Inventions"}],"container-title":["Computer Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128625005948?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128625005948?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T19:23:16Z","timestamp":1778613796000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389128625005948"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":79,"alternative-id":["S1389128625005948"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-1286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-1286","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hybrid IoT network for real-time monitoring of maritime containers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2025.111627","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111627"}}