{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T19:14:33Z","timestamp":1774034073795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775001600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2221-E-019-023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2221-E-019-023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NSTC 114-2221-E-019-027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NSTC 114-2221-E-019-027"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,22]],"date-time":"2026-02-22T06:45:24Z","timestamp":1771742724000},"page":"112139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cost-efficient UAV placement and route planning for RIS-assisted communication networks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"279","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-1007-5654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bo-Yu","family":"Chan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9348-191X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Min","family":"Chao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5538-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chih-Yu","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8421-2622","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chun-Chao","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0001","series-title":"Survey on Beyond Diagonal RIS Enabled 6G Wireless Networks: Fundamentals, Recent Advances, and Challenges","author":"Khan","year":"2025"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11235-024-01107-8","article-title":"Coverage analysis and deployment design of RIS-assisted systems","volume":"86","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Telecommun. Syst. Model. Anal. Des. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0003","series-title":"Proc. IEEE WCNC","article-title":"Optimal placement of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces with random obstacle distribution","author":"Zhang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1049\/cmu2.12751","article-title":"Dynamic reconfigurable intelligent surface deployment for physical layer security enhancement in mmwave systems","volume":"18","author":"Tu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IET Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0005","series-title":"Dynamic Aerial Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Aided Multi-Cell Multi-User Communications","author":"Zhang","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0006","first-page":"1599","article-title":"Multi-UAV cooperative route for servicing dynamic demands and charging battery","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mobile Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0007","series-title":"Proc. IEEE ICC Workshops","article-title":"Energy-efficient segment clustering algorithm for UAV route","author":"Mei","year":"2022"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/en17184737","article-title":"A comprehensive review of energy-efficient techniques for UAV-assisted industrial wireless networks","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3383113","article-title":"Joint optimization of route and resource allocation for multi-UAV-enabled wireless-powered communication networks","volume":"72","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0010","series-title":"RIS for IoT: A Hybrid Energy Harvesting and DRL Approach","article-title":"Energy-efficient UAV-mounted","author":"Salim","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0011","series-title":"Energy-Efficient Irregular RIS-Aided UAV Optimization: A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","author":"Salim","year":"2025"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6826","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3245820","article-title":"Energy harvesting reconfigurable intelligent surface for UAV based on robust deep reinforcement learning","volume":"22","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3154822","article-title":"Fair downlink communications for RIS-UAV enabled mobile vehicles","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0014","first-page":"757","article-title":"On the design of RIS-UAV relay-assisted hybrid FSO\/RF satellite-aerial-ground integrated network","volume":"59","author":"Nguyen","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1109\/OJVT.2023.3316117","article-title":"Comparing aerial-RIS- and aerial-BS-aided post-disaster cellular networks","volume":"4","author":"Matracia","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3212830","article-title":"Capacity maximization in RIS-UAV networks: a DDQN-based route and phase shift optimization approach","volume":"22","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107971","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3435483","article-title":"Computation offloading and resource allocation optimization for mobile edge computing-aided UAV-RIS communications","volume":"12","author":"Truong","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1736","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3290216","article-title":"A novel cellular user offloading via UAV-borne IRS","volume":"12","author":"Sriharsha","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11035","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3261559","article-title":"On the performance of the UAV RIS-assisted dual-hop PLC-RF systems","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2912","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3318088","article-title":"Average error probability for UAV-RIS enabled short packet communications","volume":"73","author":"Wei","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2022.3206587","article-title":"Energy-efficient UAV-mounted RIS assisted mobile edge computing","volume":"11","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Yao, Q. Zhu, Y. Zhang, H. Huang, M. Luo, Minimizing long-term energy consumption in RIS-assisted UAV-enabled MEC network, IEEE Internet of Things Journal. 12(12) (2025) 20942\u201320958. 10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3545252.","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2025.3545252"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.010.2000528","article-title":"When UAV meets IRS: expanding air-ground networks via passive reflection","volume":"28","author":"Pang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0024","series-title":"Proc. ICASSP","first-page":"1","article-title":"Harnessing the potential of omnidirectional UAVs in RIS-enabled wireless networks","author":"Saliah","year":"2025"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28153","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3401042","article-title":"Uplink performance analysis of RIS-assisted UAV communication systems with random 3-D mobile pattern","volume":"11","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0026","series-title":"Proc. ICTC","article-title":"Joint optimization of multiple UAV-mounted RISs deployment and RIS elements allocation","author":"Zhao","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2024.3481963","article-title":"QoE-driven multiple UAVs-mounted reconfigurable intelligent surface communication","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0028","series-title":"Towards the Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs): A Comprehensive Review","author":"Mohsan","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0029","first-page":"1439","article-title":"Route planning of unmanned aerial vehicles under recharging and mission time constraints","volume":"6","author":"Phalapanyakoon","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Math. Eng. Manage. Sci."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8641","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2021.3117599","article-title":"Multi-RIS-aided wireless systems: statistical characterization and performance analysis","volume":"69","author":"Do","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150214","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3125461","article-title":"Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces in challenging environments: underwater, underground, industrial and disaster","volume":"9","author":"Kisseleff","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s00224-021-10050-z","article-title":"Exact multi-covering problems with geometric sets","volume":"66","author":"Ashok","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theory Comput. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1002\/net.20435","article-title":"Approximation algorithms for distance constrained vehicle routing problems","volume":"59","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Networks"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2023.3292125","article-title":"On deployment position of RIS in wireless communication systems: analysis and experimental results","volume":"12","author":"Ren","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"P.D. Figueiredo, A. Felipe, Unlocking the power of reconfigurable intelligent surfaces: from wireless communication to energy efficiency and beyond, Applied Sciences 13(21) (2023). 10.3390\/app132111750.","DOI":"10.3390\/app132111750"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0036","series-title":"Proc. ICSIDP","first-page":"1","article-title":"UAV localization in non-line-of-sight building area using genetic algorithm","author":"Yang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0037","series-title":"Proc. ICIST","first-page":"894","article-title":"Modeling and analysis of UAV charging scheduling in fixed\/mobile charging station systems","author":"Guo","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0038","series-title":"Proc. PIMRC","first-page":"1","article-title":"Joint green and deadline-aware route planning for rotary-wing UAV-assisted internet-of-things","author":"Khelili","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0039","series-title":"Mathematical Modelling and Optimization of Engineering Problems","first-page":"157","article-title":"Distance-constrained vehicle routing problems: a case study using artificial bee colony algorithm","author":"Karaoglan","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1109\/LWC.2021.3122189","article-title":"On the performance of RIS-assisted integrated satellite-UAV-terrestrial networks with hardware impairments and interference","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Wireless Commun. Lett."}],"container-title":["Computer Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626001519?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626001519?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T18:17:30Z","timestamp":1774030650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389128626001519"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S1389128626001519"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-1286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-1286","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cost-efficient UAV placement and route planning for RIS-assisted communication networks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112139","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112139"}}