{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:34:23Z","timestamp":1780734863897,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T08:05:01Z","timestamp":1775030701000},"page":"112283","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Optimizing 3D trajectory and task offloading in collaborative UAV-Enabled mobile edge computing networks"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"282","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1367-5249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"Jiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peiqing","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4439-2053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhaowei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0001","series-title":"Global EV market grew 55% in 2022 with 59% of EVs sold in mainland china","author":"Canalys","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0002","series-title":"Global EV outlook","author":"Plx","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0003","series-title":"Vehicle-to-Everything Communication in Intelligent Connected Vehicles: A Survey and Taxonomy","author":"Duan","year":"2025"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0004","article-title":"Network latency in teleoperation of connected and autonomous vehicles: a review of trends, challenges, and mitigation strategies","volume":"24","author":"Karamchandani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1109\/MM.2020.2975764","article-title":"Compute solution for Tesla\u2019s full self-driving computer","volume":"40","author":"Talpes","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Micro"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0006","series-title":"Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) Communications: Technology Overview and Safety Benefits","volume":"813","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85714","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2991734","article-title":"An overview on edge computing research","volume":"8","author":"Cao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0008","series-title":"Automotive Edge Computing: A Technology Enabler for the Connected Car","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2017.2750180","article-title":"Mobile edge computing: a survey","volume":"5","author":"Abbas","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0010","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0011","article-title":"An edge server placement based on graph clustering in mobile edge computing","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3424","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2020.2968343","article-title":"Energy-Efficient UAV-Assisted mobile edge computing: resource allocation and trajectory optimization","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2018.2887086","article-title":"UAV Communications for 5G and beyond: recent advances and future trends","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8275","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3089158","article-title":"UAV-Enabled Relay communication under malicious jamming: joint trajectory and transmit power optimization","volume":"70","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0015","first-page":"1","article-title":"UAV Data acquisition and processing assisted by UGV-Enabled mobile edge computing","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0016","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reliability-Optimal UAV-Assisted mobile edge computing: joint resource allocation, data transmission scheduling and motion control","volume":"23","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6898","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.2971645","article-title":"Multi-UAV-Enabled load-Balance mobile-Edge computing for IoT networks","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1109\/MWC.001.1800594","article-title":"Mobile edge computing in unmanned aerial vehicle networks","volume":"27","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10934","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2022.3183577","article-title":"Service caching based aerial cooperative computing and resource allocation in multi-UAV enabled MEC systems","volume":"71","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5043","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3231408","article-title":"Joint offloading decision and trajectory design for UAV-Enabled edge computing with task dependency","volume":"22","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10867","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3384405","article-title":"Energy-Efficient trajectory optimization with wireless charging in UAV-Assisted MEC based on multi-Objective reinforcement learning","volume":"23","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13633","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3403536","article-title":"UAV-Assisted Mobile edge computing: optimal design of UAV altitude and task offloading","volume":"23","author":"Hui","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10515","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2022.3184953","article-title":"Dynamic offloading and trajectory control for UAV-Enabled mobile edge computing system with energy harvesting devices","volume":"21","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2329","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2902559","article-title":"Energy minimization for wireless communication with rotary-wing UAV","volume":"18","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSM.2023.3332899","article-title":"A cooperative computation offloading strategy with on-Demand deployment of multi-UAVs in UAV-Aided mobile edge computing","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Serv. Manage."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6854","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3406400","article-title":"Latency minimization for UAV-Assisted MEC networks with blockchain","volume":"72","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30510","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3412825","article-title":"Task scheduling and trajectory optimization based on fairness and communication security for multi-UAV-MEC system","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4577","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2024.3409207","article-title":"Min-Max latency minimization for energy-Constrained multi-UAV mobile edge computing","volume":"11","author":"Al-Habob","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0029","first-page":"1034","article-title":"Delay-Aware cooperative task offloading for multi-UAV enabled edge-Cloud computing","volume":"23","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8649","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2024.3350078","article-title":"Joint task offloading, resource allocation, and trajectory design for multi-UAV cooperative edge computing with task priority","volume":"23","author":"Hao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17700","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3362321","article-title":"Joint cooperative computation offloading and trajectory optimization in heterogeneous UAV-Swarm-Enabled aerial edge computing networks","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3736","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3361534","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning-Based distributed 3D UAV trajectory design","volume":"72","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10164","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3367624","article-title":"MEC System with mobile ground terminals: DRL-Based joint terminal scheduling and UAV 3D trajectory design","volume":"73","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8750","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2024.3357086","article-title":"DRL-Based Resource allocation and trajectory planning for NOMA-Enabled multi-UAV collaborative caching 6G network","volume":"73","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4738","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2928539","article-title":"UAV-Assisted Relaying and edge computing: scheduling and trajectory optimization","volume":"18","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2021.3129785","article-title":"Dynamic computation offloading and server deployment for UAV-Enabled multi-Access edge computing","volume":"22","author":"Ning","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4305","DOI":"10.1109\/TCOMM.2024.3361536","article-title":"Trajectory planning and resource allocation for multi-UAV cooperative computation","volume":"72","author":"Xu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Commun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2018.2864426","article-title":"Computation rate maximization in UAV-enabled wireless-powered mobile-edge computing systems","volume":"36","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2019.2958975","article-title":"UAV-Assisted wireless powered cooperative mobile edge computing: joint offloading, CPU control, and trajectory optimization","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4576","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2019.2927313","article-title":"Energy efficient resource allocation in UAV-Enabled mobile edge computing networks","volume":"18","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0041","unstructured":"X. Wu, D. Wang, C. Wu, L. Wen, C. Miao, Y. Xiao, Y. Zhou, Efficient heuristics generation for solving combinatorial optimization problems using large language models, Technical Report, arXiv preprint, 2025. https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2505.12627."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60296","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3074535","article-title":"Deep deterministic policy gradient based on double network prioritized experience replay","volume":"9","author":"Kang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0043","unstructured":"J. Schulman, F. Wolski, P. Dhariwal, A. Radford, O. Klimov, Proximal policy optimization algorithms, Technical Report, arXiv preprint, 2017."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0044","series-title":"Secrecy energy efficiency enhancement in UAV-assisted MEC system","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283_bib0045","article-title":"STAR-RIS-Assisted UAV-enabled MEC network: minimizing long-term latency and system stability optimization","volume":"262","author":"Zeng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."}],"container-title":["Computer Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626002951?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626002951?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:50:56Z","timestamp":1780415456000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389128626002951"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S1389128626002951"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-1286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-1286","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimizing 3D trajectory and task offloading in collaborative UAV-Enabled mobile edge computing networks","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112283","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112283"}}