{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T12:16:22Z","timestamp":1778156182806,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019081","name":"Science and Technology Program of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022RC3061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RC3061"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019081","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62472434"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62472434"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023TQ0089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023TQ0089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,12]],"date-time":"2026-04-12T17:39:33Z","timestamp":1776015573000},"page":"112312","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["6CAI: Efficient large-scale IPv6 cellular address identification"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"283","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4191-0630","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ling","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xionglve","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5862-7883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bingnan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiyuan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiping","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b1","series-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2018-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","first-page":"2249","article-title":"Inferring carrier-grade nat deployment in the wild","author":"Livadariu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b2","series-title":"Ip version 6 addressing architecture","author":"Hinden","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b3","series-title":"Unique ipv6 prefix per host","author":"Brzozowski","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b4","series-title":"2023 Global ipv6 support white paper","author":"N.E.R.C. for Next-Generation Internet","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b5","series-title":"Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach","author":"Kurose","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b6","series-title":"Global 5g\/6g industry development report (2023\u20132024)","author":"TDIA","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b7","series-title":"2020 IEEE\/ACM 28th International Symposium on Quality of Service (IWQoS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Towards the construction of global ipv6 hitlist and efficient probing of ipv6 address space","author":"Song","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2019.03.010","article-title":"6Tree: Efficient dynamic discovery of active addresses in the ipv6 address space","volume":"155","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Internet Measurement Conference","first-page":"242","article-title":"Target generation for internet-wide ipv6 scanning","author":"Murdock","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b10","series-title":"Passive and Active Measurement: 18th International Conference, PAM 2017, Sydney, NSW, Australia, March 30-31, 2017, Proceedings 18","first-page":"30","article-title":"Something from nothing (there): collecting global ipv6 datasets from dns","author":"Fiebig","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b11","series-title":"Symposium on Security and Privacy","first-page":"770","article-title":"Enumerating active ipv6 hosts for large-scale security scans via dnssec-signed reverse zones","author":"Borgolte","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b12","series-title":"2021 51st Annual IEEE\/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks","first-page":"88","article-title":"Fast IPv6 network periphery discovery and security implications","author":"Li","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2023.3233953","article-title":"6Scan: A high-efficiency dynamic internet-wide ipv6 scanner with regional encoding","volume":"31","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b14","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2017 Internet Measurement Conference","first-page":"191","article-title":"Cell spotting: studying the role of cellular networks in the internet","author":"Rula","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b15","series-title":"Netztest-opendata","author":"RTR-NetTest","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b16","series-title":"Proceedings of the 27th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking","first-page":"437","article-title":"Insecurity of operational cellular iot service: new vulnerabilities, attacks, and countermeasures","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b17","series-title":"2023 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications","first-page":"790","article-title":"Knocking cells: Latency-based identification of ipv6 cellular addresses on the internet","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Lee, N. Spring, Identifying and analyzing broadband internet reverse dns names, in: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies, 2017, pp. 35\u201340.","DOI":"10.1145\/3143361.3143392"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"O. Gasser, Q. Scheitle, P. Foremski, Q. Lone, M. Korczy\u0144ski, S.D. Strowes, L. Hendriks, G. Carle, Clusters in the expanse: Understanding and unbiasing ipv6 hitlists, in: Proceedings of the Internet Measurement Conference 2018, 2018, pp. 364\u2013378.","DOI":"10.1145\/3278532.3278564"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b20","series-title":"Iab\/iesg recommendations on ipv6 address allocations to sites","author":"Hinden","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b21","series-title":"Ipv6 address assignment to end sites","author":"Narten","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"E. Rye, R. Beverly, K.C. Claffy, Follow the scent: Defeating ipv6 prefix rotation privacy, in: Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference, 2021, pp. 739\u2013752.","DOI":"10.1145\/3487552.3487829"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b23","series-title":"Evolved universal terrestrial radio access (e-utra); radio resource control (rrc); protocol specification","author":"3GPP","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b24","series-title":"Whois search","author":"APNIC","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b25","series-title":"Geolocation api","author":"IP-API","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b26","series-title":"Privacy extensions for stateless address autoconfiguration in ipv6","author":"Narten","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b27","series-title":"Nr; radio resource control (RRC) protocol specification","author":"3GPP","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b28","unstructured":"Z. Durumeric, E. Wustrow, J.A. Halderman, ZMap: Fast internet-wide scanning and its security applications, in: 22nd USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 13), 2013, pp. 605\u2013620."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2021.108666","article-title":"6Graph: A graph-theoretic approach to address pattern mining for internet-wide ipv6 scanning","volume":"203","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b30","series-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2022-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","first-page":"1679","article-title":"6Forest: an ensemble learning-based approach to target generation for internet-wide ipv6 scanning","author":"Yang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b31","series-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","first-page":"1","article-title":"6Hit: A reinforcement learning-based approach to target generation for internet-wide ipv6 scanning","author":"Hou","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b32","series-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2023-IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","first-page":"1","article-title":"Search in the expanse: Towards active and global ipv6 hitlists","author":"Hou","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Ziv, L. Izhikevich, K. Ruth, K. Izhikevich, Z. Durumeric, Asdb: a system for classifying owners of autonomous systems, in: Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference, 2021, pp. 703\u2013719.","DOI":"10.1145\/3487552.3487853"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b34","series-title":"World Internet Development Report 2024","author":"of Cyberspace Studies","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b35","series-title":"2024 Global IPv6 supportiveness white paper","author":"Global IPv6 Forum","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b36","article-title":"Internet-scale ipv4 alias resolution with midar: System architecture","author":"Keys","year":"2011","journal-title":"Coop. Assoc. Internet Data Anal. (CAIDA): San Diego, CA, USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Q. Hu, N. Brownlee, How interface id allocation mechanisms are performed in ipv6, in: Proceedings of the 2014 CoNEXT on Student Workshop, 2014, pp. 26\u201327.","DOI":"10.1145\/2680821.2680822"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Z. Zhang, A. Marder, R. Mok, B. Huffaker, M. Luckie, K.C. Claffy, A. Schulman, Inferring regional access network topologies: Methods and applications, in: Proceedings of the 21st ACM Internet Measurement Conference, 2021, pp. 720\u2013738.","DOI":"10.1145\/3487552.3487812"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Conta, S. Deering, M. Gupta, Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) for the Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Specification, Technical Report, 2006, URL https:\/\/www.rfc-editor.org\/rfc\/rfc4443.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc4443"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F. Holzbauer, M. Maier, J. Ullrich, Destination reachable: What icmpv6 error messages reveal about their sources, in: 2024 ACM Internet Measurement Conference, IMC 2024, 2024.","DOI":"10.1145\/3646547.3688420"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b41","series-title":"Network reconnaissance in internet of things (iot) environments","author":"Garcia-Morchon","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b42","series-title":"Ipv6 toolkit","author":"Gont","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b43","series-title":"Ieee standards registration authority: Assignments","author":"IEEE.org","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02295996","article-title":"Note on the sampling error of the difference between correlated proportions or percentages","volume":"12","author":"McNemar","year":"1947","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b45","series-title":"India surpasses the United States to become the world\u2019s second largest 5G mobile market","author":"People\u2019s Postal and Telecommunications News","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b46","series-title":"Technical Requirements of Addressing and Encoding for IPv6 Access Address","author":"YD\/T 2682-2014","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b47","series-title":"30th USENIX Security Symposium (USENIX Security 21)","first-page":"3881","article-title":"Accurately measuring global risk of amplification attacks using AmpMap","author":"Moon","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b48","series-title":"2019 27th Telecommunications Forum","first-page":"1","article-title":"Performing energy consuming attacks on iot devices","author":"Kep\u00e7eo\u011flu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b49","series-title":"IPv6 address assignment and coding rules\u2014Internet access service providers","author":"GB\/T 46332-2025","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b50","series-title":"2021 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops (SPW)","first-page":"398","article-title":"Your censor is my censor: Weaponizing censorship infrastructure for availability attacks","author":"Bock","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.52","article-title":"The menlo report","author":"Bailey","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Secur. Priv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1145\/2896816","article-title":"Ethical considerations in network measurement papers.","author":"Partridge","year":"2016","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. van der Ham, Ethics and internet measurements, in: 2017 IEEE Security and Privacy Workshops, SPW, 2017.","DOI":"10.1109\/SPW.2017.17"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312_b54","series-title":"Internet-Draft draft-irtf-pearg-safe-internet-measurement-12","article-title":"Guidelines for performing safe measurement on the internet","author":"Learmonth","year":"2025"}],"container-title":["Computer Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626003245?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626003245?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T11:45:31Z","timestamp":1778154331000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389128626003245"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S1389128626003245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-1286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-1286","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"6CAI: Efficient large-scale IPv6 cellular address identification","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112312","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112312"}}