{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T12:22:06Z","timestamp":1783513326090,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002766","name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SKLNST-2021-1-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SKLNST-2021-1-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002766","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011532","name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011532","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008838","name":"Shanghai Municipal Commission of Economy and Informatization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["250203"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["250203"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008838","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T23:32:34Z","timestamp":1780961554000},"page":"112446","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["P4Prime: Deterministic runtime consistency and loop verification with faulty switch localization in programmable SDNs"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"286","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0462-4955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3575-3427","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yue","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenyu","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b1","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2025 Conference","first-page":"796","article-title":"S2: A distributed configuration verifier for hyper-scale networks","author":"Wang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b2","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference","first-page":"122","article-title":"Lessons from the evolution of the batfish configuration analysis tool","author":"Brown","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b3","series-title":"Proceedings of the Symposium on SDN Research","first-page":"1","article-title":"P4pktgen: Automated test case generation for P4 programs","author":"N\u00f6tzli","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b4","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference","first-page":"136","article-title":"P4testgen: An extensible test oracle for P4","author":"Ruffy","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b5","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd USENIX Symposium on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","article-title":"On temporal verification of stateful P4 programs","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b6","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference","first-page":"213","article-title":"Relational network verification","author":"Xu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b7","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2024 Conference","first-page":"244","article-title":"Algorithms for in-place, consistent network update","author":"Namjoshi","year":"2024"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2020.2999653","article-title":"P4consist: Toward consistent P4 SDNs","volume":"38","author":"Shukla","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b9","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference","first-page":"152","article-title":"Beyond a centralized verifier: Scaling data plane checking via distributed, on-device verification","author":"Xiang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1109\/TNET.2022.3193698","article-title":"Measuring the consistency between data and control plane in SDN","volume":"31","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE\/ACM Trans. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b11","series-title":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Communications","first-page":"1","article-title":"Measuring the control-data plane consistency in software defined networking","author":"Lei","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2024.103906","article-title":"A lightweight packet forwarding verification in SDN using sketch","volume":"144","author":"Chang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2023.3314111","article-title":"Vulnerabilities in SDN topology discovery mechanism: Novel attacks and countermeasures","volume":"21","author":"Deng","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b14","series-title":"2019 IEEE\/ACM 27th International Symposium on Quality of Service","first-page":"1","article-title":"P4Tester: Efficient runtime rule fault detection for programmable data planes","author":"Zhou","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b15","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2022 Conference","first-page":"314","article-title":"Flash: fast, consistent data plane verification for large-scale network settings","author":"Guo","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b16","series-title":"NOMS 2023-2023 IEEE\/IFIP Network Operations and Management Symposium","first-page":"1","article-title":"VERMONT: Towards an in-band telemetry-based approach for live network property verification","author":"Vassoler","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s44443-025-00083-6","article-title":"Netchecker: enabling real-time and error-locatable runtime verification for programmable networks","volume":"37","author":"Yao","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. King Saud Univ. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b18","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2023 Conference","first-page":"182","article-title":"Hydra: Effective runtime network verification","author":"Renganathan","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b19","series-title":"Proceedings of the 13th Usenix Conference on Networked Systems Design and Implementation","first-page":"311","article-title":"Flowradar: a better NetFlow for data centers","author":"Li","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107763","article-title":"In-band network telemetry: A survey","volume":"186","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Ku\u010dera, R.B. Basat, M. Kuka, G. Antichi, M. Yu, M. Mitzenmacher, Detecting routing loops in the data plane, in: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Emerging Networking Experiments and Technologies, 2020, pp. 466\u2013473.","DOI":"10.1145\/3386367.3431303"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b22","series-title":"IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications","first-page":"1","article-title":"Fix with P6: Verifying programmable switches at runtime","author":"Shukla","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b23","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2019 Workshop on Network Meets AI & ML","first-page":"1","article-title":"Runtime verification of P4 switches with reinforcement learning","author":"Shukla","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b24","series-title":"REPETITA: Routing benchmark suite for traffic engineering algorithms","author":"Sviccichio","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b25","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM 2013 Conference on SIGCOMM","first-page":"99","article-title":"Forwarding metamorphosis: fast programmable match-action processing in hardware for SDN","author":"Bosshart","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446_b26","series-title":"Proceedings of the 12th International on Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies","first-page":"19","article-title":"Mind the gap: Monitoring the control-data plane consistency in software defined networks","author":"Zhang","year":"2016"}],"container-title":["Computer Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626004585?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1389128626004585?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T11:54:10Z","timestamp":1783511650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1389128626004585"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S1389128626004585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446","relation":{},"ISSN":["1389-1286"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1389-1286","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"P4Prime: Deterministic runtime consistency and loop verification with faulty switch localization in programmable SDNs","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comnet.2026.112446","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112446"}}