{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T11:32:10Z","timestamp":1772191930707,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010203","name":"Agriculture Research System of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-09-P31"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-09-P31"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010203","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31972515"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31972515"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201903250115"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201903250115"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T12:16:31Z","timestamp":1670588191000},"page":"107533","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Uncertainty quantification of nitrogen use efficiency prediction in China using Monte Carlo simulation and quantile regression forests"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"204","author":[{"given":"Yingxia","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gerard B.M.","family":"Heuvelink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Zhanguo","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mach. Learn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0010","series-title":"Elementary Statistics for Geographers","author":"Burt","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112509","article-title":"A spatially based quantile regression forest model for mapping rural land values","volume":"289","author":"C\u00f3rdoba","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2020.107985","article-title":"Assessing the uncertainty of maize yield without nitrogen fertilization","volume":"260","author":"Correndo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Field Crop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2011.03.038","article-title":"Comparison of land nitrogen budgets for European agriculture by various modeling approaches","volume":"159","author":"De Vries","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"GB1009: 1","DOI":"10.1029\/2009GB003544","article-title":"Estimating uncertainty in N2O emissions from U.S. cropland soils","volume":"24","author":"Del Grosso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.139113","article-title":"Development of fertilizers for enhanced nitrogen use efficiency - Trends and perspectives","volume":"731","author":"Dimkpa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0040","series-title":"Fertilizer Best Management Practice, General Principles, Strategy for their Adoption and Voluntary Initiatives vs. Regulations","first-page":"1","article-title":"Nutrient use efficiency \u2013 measurement and management","author":"Dobermann","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03187115","article-title":"Cereal area and nitrogen use efficiency are drivers of future nitrogen fertilizer consumption","volume":"48","author":"Dobermann","year":"2005","journal-title":"Sci. China C Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0050","first-page":"1","volume":"270","author":"Fixen","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1510211112","article-title":"Integrated reactive nitrogen budgets and future trends in China","author":"Gu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. National Acad. Sci., USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3711","article-title":"Updated high-resolution grids of monthly climatic observations \u2013 the CRU TS3. 10 Dataset","volume":"34","author":"Harris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2018.09.002","article-title":"Estimating soil nitrogen balance at regional scale in China\u2019s croplands from 1984 to 2014","volume":"167","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Agr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2021.115659","article-title":"Tier 4 maps of soil pH at 25 m resolution for the Netherlands","volume":"410","author":"Helfenstein","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0125814","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125814","article-title":"Mapping soil properties of Africa at 250 m resolution: random forests significantly improve current predictions","volume":"10","author":"Hengl","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0169748","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0169748","article-title":"SoilGrids250m: Global gridded soil information based on machine learning","volume":"12","author":"Hengl","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0085","series-title":"Error Propagation in Environmental Modelling with GIS","author":"Heuvelink","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009700614041","article-title":"Uncertainty analysis in environmental modelling under a change of spatial scale","volume":"50","author":"Heuvelink","year":"1998","journal-title":"Nutr. Cycl. Agroecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0095","first-page":"303","article-title":"Propagation of errors in spatial modelling with GIS","volume":"3","author":"Heuvelink","year":"1989","journal-title":"Int. J. Geogr. Inform. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00444","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geodrs.2021.e00444","article-title":"Assessment of the soil fertility status in Benin (West Africa) \u2013 Digital soil mapping using machine learning","volume":"28","author":"Hounkpatin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geoderma Reg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"GB1030: 1","DOI":"10.1029\/2011GB004161","article-title":"A high-resolution ammonia emission inventory in China","volume":"26","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global Biogeochem. Cycles"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.09.199","article-title":"Uncertainty analysis in the life cycle assessment of cassava ethanol in China","volume":"206","author":"Jiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-008-9471-4","article-title":"Comparison of uncertainty sources for climate change impacts: flood frequency in England","volume":"92","author":"Kay","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clim. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1890\/15-0942.1","article-title":"Monte Carlo estimation of stage structured development from cohort data","volume":"97","author":"Knape","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4573","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-4573-2012","article-title":"Uncertainties in model predictions of nitrogen fluxes from agro-ecosystems in Europe","volume":"9","author":"Kros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-021-09348-9","article-title":"Spatial prediction of soil depth using environmental covariates by quantile regression forest model","volume":"193","author":"Lalitha","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/9\/10\/105011","article-title":"50 year trends in nitrogen use efficiency of world cropping systems the relationship between yield and nitrogen input to cropland","volume":"9","author":"Lassaletta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9101309","article-title":"Crop mass and N status as prerequisite covariables for unraveling nitrogen use efficiency across genotype-by-environment-by-management scenarios: a review","volume":"9","author":"Lemaire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9699","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66613-6","article-title":"Determining effects of water and nitrogen input on maize (Zea mays) yield, water- and nitrogen-use efficiency: A global synthesis","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119632","article-title":"Meta-analysis of management-induced changes in nitrogen use efficiency of winter wheat in the North China Plain","volume":"251","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2020.126032","article-title":"Space-time statistical analysis and modelling of nitrogen use efficiency indicators at provincial scale in China","volume":"115","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jia.2022.08.054","article-title":"Statistical analysis of nitrogen use efficiency in Northeast China using multiple linear regression and random forest","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Integr. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2017.02.100","article-title":"Assessment of uncertainty effects on crop planning and irrigation water supply using a Monte Carlo simulation based dual-interval stochastic programming method","volume":"149","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fcr.2006.07.007","article-title":"The cost of uncertainty for nitrogen fertilizer management: A sensitivity analysis","volume":"100","author":"Lobell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Field Crop Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/2\/1\/014002","article-title":"Global scale climate\u2013crop yield relationships and the impacts of recent warming","volume":"2","author":"Lobell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.03.134","article-title":"Temporal and spatial evolution of nitrous oxide emissions in China: Assessment, strategy and recommendation","volume":"223","author":"Luo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0185","first-page":"983","article-title":"Quantile regression forests","volume":"7","author":"Meinshausen","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Mach. Learn. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.agsy.2020.102877","article-title":"Quantifying the uncertainty in nitrogen application and groundwater nitrate leaching in manure based cropping systems","volume":"184","author":"Miller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Agr. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.3390\/rs12081234","article-title":"Prediction of early season nitrogen uptake in maize using high-resolution aerial hyperspectral imagery","volume":"12","author":"Nigon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Remote Sens. (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2010.06.009","article-title":"Uncertainty propagation analysis of an N2O emission model at the plot and landscape scale","volume":"159","author":"Nol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0205","article-title":"SoilGrids 2.0: producing quality-assessed soil information for the globe","volume":"1","author":"Poggio","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soil Discuss."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eja.2016.08.006","article-title":"Spatial and temporal uncertainty of crop yield aggregations","volume":"88","author":"Porwollik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Agron."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00263-3","article-title":"Different quantification approaches for nitrogen use efficiency lead to divergent estimates with varying advantages","volume":"2","author":"Quan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0220","first-page":"2983","article-title":"Effect of manure application on nitrogen use efficiency of crops in China: a meta-analysis","volume":"52","author":"Ren","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Agric. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"Right product, right rate, right time and right place\u2026 the foundation of best management practices for fertilizer","volume":"29","author":"Roberts","year":"2007","journal-title":"Fertilizer Best Management Practices"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.6b00753","article-title":"Comparison of the predictive performance and interpretability of random forest and linear models on benchmark data sets","volume":"57","author":"Robinson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inform. Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1002\/2013MS000293","article-title":"A global soil data set for earth system modeling","volume":"6","author":"Shangguan","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Adv. Model. Earth Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-6526(02)00028-8","article-title":"Uncertainty assessment by a Monte Carlo simulation in a life cycle inventory of electricity produced by a waste incinerator","volume":"11","author":"Sonnemann","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2134\/agronj2005.0001","article-title":"The contribution of commercial fertilizer nutrients to food production","volume":"97","author":"Stewart","year":"2005","journal-title":"Agron. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2016.12.017","article-title":"Using quantile regression forest to estimate uncertainty of digital soil mapping products","volume":"291","author":"Vaysse","year":"2017","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0255","series-title":"Modern Applied Statistics with S","author":"Venables","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17102","DOI":"10.1038\/nplants.2017.102","article-title":"The uncertainty of crop yield projections is reduced by improved temperature response functions","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Plants"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0265","first-page":"216","article-title":"Calculation of real fertilizer use efficiency and discussion on fertilization strategies","volume":"51","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Acta Pedol. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/gcb.14499","article-title":"Global ammonia emissions from synthetic nitrogen fertilizer applications in agricultural systems: Empirical and process-based estimates and uncertainty","volume":"25","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Glob. Chang. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1071\/SR16328","article-title":"Experimental validation of a new approach for rice fertiliser recommendations across smallholder farms in China","volume":"55","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soil Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1038\/nature15743","article-title":"Managing nitrogen for sustainable development","volume":"528","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2021.117216","article-title":"Uncertainty of nitrogen budget in China","volume":"286","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/s43016-021-00318-5","article-title":"Quantification of global and national nitrogen budgets for crop production","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Food"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7041","DOI":"10.5194\/acp-12-7041-2012","article-title":"Development and uncertainty analysis of a high-resolution NH3 emissions inventory and its implications with precipitation over the Pearl River Delta region, China","volume":"12","author":"Zheng","year":"2012","journal-title":"Atmos. Chem. Phys."}],"container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169922008419?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169922008419?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,29]],"date-time":"2025-09-29T13:41:50Z","timestamp":1759153310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168169922008419"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["S0168169922008419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Uncertainty quantification of nitrogen use efficiency prediction in China using Monte Carlo simulation and quantile regression forests","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107533","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"107533"}}