{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T05:41:55Z","timestamp":1776922915551,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100014188","name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF- RS-2024-00348085"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF- RS-2024-00348085"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100014188","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:11:37Z","timestamp":1774372297000},"page":"111689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["CFD numerical setting combinations for greenhouse natural ventilation across diurnal time points using multi-criteria analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Minji","family":"Baek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Seeun","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Handon","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Hyounseung","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2996-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jimin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Taehoon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Juwon","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0005","article-title":"Computational analysis of wind tower-equipped sunken greenhouse for optimum microclimate control in hot arid regions","volume":"24","author":"Abedrabboh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy Convers. Manage.: X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpls.2023.1152036","article-title":"A genetic programming-based optimal sensor placement for greenhouse monitoring and control","volume":"14","author":"Ajani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Plant Sci."},{"issue":"2\/3\/4","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEP.2017.089407","article-title":"New power law inflow boundary conditions for street scale modelling","volume":"62","author":"Akylas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Allali, F. E., Fatnassi, H., Demrati, H., Domingo Molina Aiz, F., Gourdo, L., Errami, Y., Wifaya, A., & Aharoune, A. (2024a). Cfd-based optimization of Direct evaporative cooling systems for canarian greenhouses in Semi-Arid regions. Energy and Buildings, 323, 114767. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ENBUILD.2024.114767.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.114767"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1504\/IJEP.2018.093026","article-title":"CFD modelling of dispersion in neutrally and stably-stratified atmospheric boundary layers: results for Prairie Grass and Thorney Island","volume":"63","author":"Batt","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Pollut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2016.05.014","article-title":"Efficacy of greenhouse natural ventilation: environmental monitoring and CFD simulations of a study case","volume":"125","author":"Benni","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energ. Buildings"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s42853-020-00075-6","article-title":"Sensor systems for greenhouse microclimate monitoring and control: a review","volume":"45","author":"Bhujel","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2006.08.019","article-title":"CFD simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer: wall function problems","volume":"41","author":"Blocken","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s13007-015-0083-5","article-title":"Guidelines for measuring and reporting environmental parameters for experiments in greenhouses","volume":"11","author":"Both","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1006\/jaer.1997.0167","article-title":"Natural ventilation performance of six greenhouse and tunnel types","volume":"67","author":"Boulard","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Agric. Eng. Res."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1699(01)00186-7","article-title":"Experimental and numerical studies on the heterogeneity of crop transpiration in a plastic tunnel","volume":"34","author":"Boulard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2010.08.007","article-title":"Effect of ventilator configuration on the distributed climate of greenhouses: a review of experimental and CFD studies","volume":"74","author":"Bournet","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107277","article-title":"Advances of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) applications in agricultural building modelling: Research, applications and challenges","volume":"201","author":"Bournet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3491","DOI":"10.20546\/ijcmas.2018.701.411","article-title":"A review of three commonly used techniques of controlling greenhouse microclimate","volume":"7","author":"Chand Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105934","article-title":"A virtual sensor simulation system of a flower greenhouse coupled with a new temperature microclimate model using three-dimensional CFD","volume":"181","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2008.05.025","article-title":"Ventilation performance prediction for buildings: a method overview and recent applications","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2010.08.029","article-title":"A coupled pressure-based computational method for incompressible\/compressible flows","volume":"229","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0090","article-title":"Preliminary numerical analysis of thermal comfort and CO2 distribution toward the application of fabric air dispersion systems in lecture halls","volume":"118","author":"Choi","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0095","article-title":"Development and experimental validation of a CFD model for the thermal behaviour assessment of complex fenestration systems","volume":"68","author":"Demanega","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Emeis, S. (2018). Vertical Profiles Over Flat Terrain (pp. 31\u201389). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-72859-9_3.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-72859-9_3"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1093\/plphys\/kiab114","article-title":"The impact of slow stomatal kinetics on photosynthesis and water use efficiency under fluctuating light","volume":"186","author":"Eyland","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2023.04.016","article-title":"Use of computational fluid dynamic tools to model the coupling of plant canopy activity and climate in greenhouses and closed plant growth systems: a review","volume":"230","author":"Fatnassi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2024.110946","article-title":"Optimizing greenhouse design for enhanced microalgae production: a CFD Analysis of microclimate and water thermal dynamics in raceway ponds","volume":"499","author":"Fatnassi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2024.111404","article-title":"Opening configurations and natural cross ventilation performance in a double-loaded multi-level apartment building: a CFD analysis","volume":"254","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2008.11.021","article-title":"Model development and experimental validation of a floriculture greenhouse under natural ventilation","volume":"41","author":"Ganguly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Energ. Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.10.011","article-title":"Three-dimensional CFD analysis for simulating the greenhouse effect in solar chimney power plants using a two-band radiation model","volume":"63","author":"Gholamalizadeh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2015.09.010","article-title":"CFD simulation of stratified indoor environment in displacement ventilation: validation and sensitivity analysis","volume":"95","author":"Gilani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.03.022","article-title":"Validation of an open source CFD code to simulate natural ventilation for agricultural buildings","volume":"138","author":"Hong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, L., Zhang, Y., Kacira, M., & van Hooff, T. (2024). CFD simulation of air distributions in a small multi-layer vertical farm: Impact of computational and physical parameters. Biosystems Engineering, 243(September 2023), 148\u2013174. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2024.05.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2024.05.004"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.3390\/agriengineering5030087","article-title":"CFD model verification and aerodynamic analysis in large-scaled venlo greenhouse for tomato cultivation","volume":"5","author":"Kibwika","year":"2023","journal-title":"AgriEngineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LAUNDER, B. E., & SPALDING, D. B. (1983). THE NUMERICAL COMPUTATION OF TURBULENT FLOWS. In Numerical Prediction of Flow, Heat Transfer, Turbulence and Combustion (pp. 96\u2013116). Elsevier. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-08-030937-8.50016-7.","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-030937-8.50016-7"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, S. yeon, Lee, I. bok, & Kim, R. woo. (2018). Evaluation of wind-driven natural ventilation of single-span greenhouses built on reclaimed coastal land. Biosystems Engineering, 171, 120\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2018.04.015.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2018.04.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J. gyu. (2019). Optimal sensor placement for monitoring and controlling greenhouse internal environments. Biosystems Engineering, 188, 190\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOSYSTEMSENG.2019.10.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2019.10.005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2024.102274","article-title":"Analysis of the city-scale wind environment and detection of ventilation corridors in high-density metropolitan areas based on CFD method","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.17660\/ActaHortic.2023.1377.21","article-title":"The influence of greenhouse climatic conditions on 13 strawberry genotypes in quantitative and qualitative traits","volume":"1377","author":"Locatelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.06.046","article-title":"Analysis of the influence of the wind speed profile on wind power production","volume":"8","author":"Lopez-Villalobos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2025.106192","article-title":"CFD based airflow uniformity optimization of Chinese solar greenhouses with long-row cultivation: Impact of unit layout design","volume":"71","author":"Lu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107326","article-title":"Effects of vent opening, wind speed, and crop height on microenvironment in three-span arched greenhouse under natural ventilation","volume":"201","author":"Lyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2019.04.013","article-title":"Greenhouse environment modeling and simulation for microclimate control","volume":"162","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0200","article-title":"CFD based heat transfer parameter identification of greenhouse and greenhouse climate prediction method","volume":"49","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog."},{"issue":"August","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0205","article-title":"Simulation of ambient temperature and humidity distribution in eight-span greenhouse under different wind conditions and corn height","volume":"61","author":"Mao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2025.127376","article-title":"Numerical study on thermal environment of plastic greenhouse with high absorption latent heat storage plate (LHSP)","volume":"278","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(97)00045-2","article-title":"Computational analysis of ventilation in greenhouses at zero- and low-wind-speeds","volume":"88","author":"Mistriotis","year":"1997","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62281","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-26244-6","article-title":"Performance assessment of the integration of semitransparent solar cells with different geometry of greenhouses under different climate regions","volume":"30","author":"Moshari","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Pollut. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euromechflu.2018.11.010","article-title":"Wall-distance-free formulation for SST k-\u03c9 model","volume":"75","author":"Rahman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Mech. B. Fluids"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2012.02.005","article-title":"CFD simulation of cross-ventilation flow for different isolated building configurations: Validation with wind tunnel measurements and analysis of physical and numerical diffusion effects","volume":"104\u2013106","author":"Ramponi","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2015.02.050","article-title":"Building model calibration using energy and environmental data","volume":"94","author":"Royapoor","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energ. Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fhort.2024.1425285","article-title":"Microclimate monitoring in commercial tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) greenhouse production and its effect on plant growth, yield and fruit quality","volume":"3","author":"\u0160alagovi\u010d","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2017.09.027","article-title":"Numerical study of wind-driven natural ventilation in a greenhouse with screens","volume":"149","author":"Santolini","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12080933","article-title":"Atmospheric wind field modelling with OpenFOAM for near-ground gas dispersion","volume":"12","author":"Schalau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2021.108170","article-title":"ESIMPLE, a new pressure\u2013velocity coupling algorithm for built-environment CFD simulations","volume":"204","author":"Serra","year":"2021","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijft.2024.100598","article-title":"Performance assessment of ISO-5167 and symmetrical Venturi meters for measuring low Reynolds number turbulent incompressible isothermal flow","volume":"22","author":"Sharifian","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Thermofluids"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0045-7930(94)00032-T","article-title":"A new k-\u220a eddy viscosity model for high reynolds number turbulent flows","volume":"24","author":"Shih","year":"1995","journal-title":"Comput. Fluids"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.7235\/HORT.20200076","article-title":"Prediction of strawberry growth and fruit yield based on environmental and growth data in a greenhouse for soil cultivation with applied autonomous facilities","volume":"38","author":"Sim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Horticultural Science and Technology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2024.103341","article-title":"A production term correction for Menter shear-stress transport turbulence model for adverse pressure gradient flows before separation","volume":"38","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2024.131377","article-title":"Performance evaluation and optimal design for passive turbulence control-based hydrokinetic energy harvester using EWM-based TOPSIS","volume":"298","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jweia.2022.105172","article-title":"Investigation of varying louver angles and positions on cross ventilation in a generic isolated building using CFD simulation","volume":"229","author":"Tai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn."},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1923(99)00041-6","article-title":"Natural ventilation of greenhouses: experiments and model","volume":"96","author":"Teitel","year":"1999","journal-title":"Agric. For. Meteorol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2019.10.026","article-title":"Transient CFD analysis of the natural ventilation of three types of greenhouses used for agricultural production in a tropical mountain climate","volume":"188","author":"Villagr\u00e1n","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.114102","article-title":"A two-level optimisation approach for underground natural ventilation based on CFD and building energy simulations","volume":"310","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energ. Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, Y., Huang, Y., & Ma, G. (2024). CFD-based AHP-TOPSIS decision-making model for gas explosion overpressure mitigation measures in underground utility tunnels. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 89(June 2023), 105299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jlp.2024.105299.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2024.105299"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1063\/1.858424","article-title":"Development of turbulence models for shear flows by a double expansion technique","volume":"4","author":"Yakhot","year":"1992","journal-title":"Phys. Fluids A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108799","article-title":"A numerical simulation of microclimate regulation using multi-physics fields coupling model","volume":"164","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Transfer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2023.03.010","article-title":"Determination of the optimal location and the number of sensors for efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning system operation in a mechanically ventilated pig house","volume":"229","author":"Yeo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yi, Y., Akdeniz, N., Choi, C. Y., & Shutske, J. M. (2025). Mitigating heat stress for agricultural workers using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. Energy and Buildings, 328(May 2024), 115186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.115186.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2024.115186"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2025.104247","article-title":"Assessing the impact of tomato crop row orientation on the microclimate in Chinese solar greenhouses: CFD simulation and numerical analysis","volume":"258","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2022.112602","article-title":"Energy-saving design and control strategy towards modern sustainable greenhouse: a review","volume":"164","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enpol.2025.114743","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization for customized solar business models considering technical-economic-environmental performance: a NSGA-II integrated TOPSIS method","volume":"206","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2025.113423","article-title":"An integrated CFD and CNN-GRU approach for accurate prediction of PM2.5 in greenhouse environments of Northeast China","volume":"283","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2022.05.009","article-title":"Analysis of climate uniformity in indoor plant factory system with computational fluid dynamics (CFD)","volume":"220","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689_b0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105811","article-title":"CFD analysis for evaluating and optimizing spatial distribution of CO2 concentration in a strawberry greenhouse under different CO2 enrichment methods","volume":"179","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."}],"container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016816992600284X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S016816992600284X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,23]],"date-time":"2026-04-23T04:55:13Z","timestamp":1776920113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S016816992600284X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S016816992600284X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"CFD numerical setting combinations for greenhouse natural ventilation across diurnal time points using multi-criteria analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111689","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111689"}}