{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T01:47:22Z","timestamp":1777859242685,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,4,8]],"date-time":"2027-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1807142400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":311,"URL":"http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/open-access\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7005925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7005925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021-51181-35859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021-51181-35859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005825","name":"National Institute of Food and Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PEN04822"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEN04822"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005825","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100032313","name":"Sarah Cannon Research Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100032313","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000199","name":"U.S. Department of Agriculture","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000199","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006102","name":"Northeast Sustainable Agriculture Research & Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["GNE24-338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GNE24-338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T16:58:37Z","timestamp":1775667517000},"page":"111753","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Development of a decision-making algorithm to identify picking strategies for robotic mushroom harvesting"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"247","author":[{"given":"Sadjad","family":"Mahnan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Arthur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9781-6062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Long","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shirin","family":"Ghatrehsamani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Heinemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Pecchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0005","series-title":"MS Thesis","article-title":"Harvesting feasibility analysis of an automated mushroom system","author":"Azoyam","year":"2004"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmab015","article-title":"Higher mushroom consumption is associated with lower risk of cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"12","author":"Ba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0015","unstructured":"Baisa, N. L., Al-Diri, B. (2022). Mushrooms detection, localization and 3D pose estimation using RGB-D sensor for robotic-picking applications."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0020","series-title":"Machine Learning Guide for Oil and Gas Using Python","first-page":"125","article-title":"Chapter 4 - Unsupervised machine learning: clustering algorithms","author":"Belyadi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1871","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13071871","article-title":"An improved YOLOv5s-based Agaricus bisporus detection algorithm","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0030","unstructured":"ERS. (2023, August 7). Farm labor. https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/topics\/farm-economy\/farm-labor\/."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0035","unstructured":"Ester, M., Kriegel, H.-P., Sander, J., Xu, X. (1996). A density-based algorithm for discovering clusters in large spatial databases with noise. Proceedings of 2nd International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD-96), 226\u2013231."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2021.106145","article-title":"Picking dynamic analysis for robotic harvesting of Agaricus bisporus mushrooms","volume":"185","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.13031\/trans.14194","article-title":"Development of a robotic harvesting mechanism for button mushrooms","volume":"64","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. ASABE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0050","series-title":"Development of a mushroom harvesting assistance system using computer vision [Master\u2019s thesis]","author":"Lee","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105336","article-title":"A novel image measurement algorithm for common mushroom caps based on convolutional neural network","volume":"171","author":"Lu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy9010032","article-title":"Development of a mushroom growth measurement system applying deep learning for image recognition","volume":"9","author":"Lu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/jaer.1997.0195","article-title":"Influence of mushroom strains and population density on the performance of a robotic harvester","volume":"68","author":"Noble","year":"1997","journal-title":"In J. Agric. Engng Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1006\/jaer.2000.0629","article-title":"Automatic mushroom harvester development","volume":"78","author":"Reed","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Agric. Eng. Res."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0957-4158(94)90004-3","article-title":"Initial experiments in robotic mushroom harvesting","volume":"4","author":"Reed","year":"1994","journal-title":"Mechatronics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s23073576","article-title":"Mushroom detection and three dimensional pose estimation from multi-view point clouds","volume":"23","author":"Retsinas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2017.04.002","article-title":"The beneficial role of edible mushrooms in human health","volume":"14","author":"Roncero-Ramos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Food Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1080\/1059924X.2022.2148035","article-title":"Labor shortage poses safety challenges for growing agritourism industry","volume":"28","author":"Salzwedel","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Agromedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0095","article-title":"Mushrooms: Agaricus bisporus","author":"Sassine","year":"2021","journal-title":"CABI"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/ruso.12546","article-title":"Farm labor shortage in the Pennsylvania mushroom industry: a gender\u2010sensitive comparison of farmer and farmworker perspectives \u2606","volume":"89","author":"Sexsmith","year":"2024","journal-title":"Rural. Sociol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-1699(91)90001-P","article-title":"An algorithm for locating mushrooms in a growing bed","volume":"6","author":"Tillett","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0110","unstructured":"USDA-NASS. (2018). 2017-18 Mushroom production. https:\/\/usda.library.cornell.edu\/concern\/publications\/r781wg03d?locale=en."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0115","unstructured":"USDA-NASS. (2021). 2020-21 mushroom production. 1\u201310."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0120","unstructured":"USDA-NASS. (2024). 2023-24 mushroom production. 1\u201311."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0125","unstructured":"Van den Top. (2024, March 6). BQ harvesting machine. https:\/\/www.vanden.top\/bq-harvesting-machine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0130","series-title":"2022 2nd International Conference on Computer Science, Electronic Information Engineering and Intelligent Control Technology (CEI)","first-page":"717","article-title":"Research on a segmentation and location algorithm based on mask RCNN for Agaricus bisporus","author":"Yang","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3946","DOI":"10.3390\/s22103946","article-title":"Research on an improved segmentation recognition algorithm of overlapping agaricus bisporus","volume":"22","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zied, D. C., & Arturo, P.-G. (2017). Edible and medicinal mushrooms (C. Z. Diego & A. Pardo\u2010Gim\u00e9nez, Eds.). Wiley. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119149446.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119149446"}],"container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169926003480?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169926003480?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:27:39Z","timestamp":1777508859000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168169926003480"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["S0168169926003480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Development of a decision-making algorithm to identify picking strategies for robotic mushroom harvesting","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111753","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111753"}}