{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T21:19:35Z","timestamp":1783113575818,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018546","name":"Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SDCX-ZG-202400200"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDCX-ZG-202400200"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018546","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32201682"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32201682"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012453","name":"China Agricultural Research System","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CARS-27"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-27"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014103","name":"Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shandong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022CXGC020706"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022CXGC020706"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014103","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024M751869"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024M751869"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T19:23:10Z","timestamp":1776712990000},"page":"111781","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Breakage mitigation optimization strategy for a spiral-groove wheel fertilizer distributor based on a controlled-release fertilizer breakage model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"248","author":[{"given":"Hongjian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiubo","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinpeng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongxian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junshuo","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linlong","family":"Jing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3684-3344","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4546","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18326-7","article-title":"Global phosphorus shortage will be aggravated by soil erosion","volume":"11","author":"Alewell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2023.107781","article-title":"Experimental research on a propeller blade fertilizer transport device based on a discrete element fertilizer block model","volume":"208","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2023.107748","article-title":"Design and experimental research on the counter roll differential speed solid organic fertilizer crusher based on DEM","volume":"207","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0020","first-page":"14","article-title":"Maize grain modelling for the DEM simulation of sowing process","volume":"40","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2336","DOI":"10.3390\/pr10112336","article-title":"Simulation and experimental validation on the effect of twin-screw pulping technology upon straw pulping performance based on tavares mathematical model","volume":"10","author":"Cheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Processes"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0030","first-page":"113","article-title":"Design and test of low-damage combined corn threshing and separating device","volume":"50","author":"Fan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agri. Mach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2022.117650","article-title":"Application of a staggered symmetrical spiral groove wheel on a quantitative feeding device and investigation of particle motion characteristics based on DEM","volume":"407","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3390\/agriculture12030313","article-title":"Green finance, chemical fertilizer use and carbon emissions from agricultural production","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agriculture"},{"issue":"08","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0045","first-page":"70","article-title":"Parameter calibration and experiment of the discrete element contact model of water-containing sandy soil particles","volume":"41","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2018.05.006","article-title":"DEM-CFD coupling simulation and optimization of an inside-filling air-blowing maize precision seed-metering device","volume":"150","author":"Han","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.3390\/plants10020238","article-title":"Controlled release fertilizers: a review on coating materials and mechanism of release","volume":"10","author":"Lawrencia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Plants-Basel"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0060","article-title":"Design and experiment of adjustable socket-wheel precision fertilizer apparatus for dry direct-seeding rice. INMATEH-Agricultural","volume":"63","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.109861","article-title":"Parameter optimization of vibration and crushing combination digging device based on soil-tuber breakage model","volume":"230","author":"Long","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.106888","article-title":"Modeling ammonia volatilization following urea and controlled-release urea application to paddy fields","volume":"196","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0075","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimization of the groove wheel structural parameters of UAV-based fertilizer apparatus","volume":"37","author":"Song","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11309","DOI":"10.3390\/su151411309","article-title":"Simulation and experiment of fertilizer discharge characteristics of spiral grooved wheel with different working parameters","volume":"15","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2021.08.022","article-title":"Determination and interpretation of bonded-particle model parameters for simulation of maize kernels","volume":"210","author":"Su","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2020.105329","article-title":"Mechanical properties of the grooved-wheel drilling particles under multivariate interaction influenced based on 3D printing and EDEM simulation","volume":"172","author":"Sun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2023.108241","article-title":"Particle motion analysis and performance investigation of a fertilizer discharge device with helical staggered groove wheel","volume":"213","author":"Sun","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2024.143095","article-title":"Exploring sustainable agriculture: investigating the impact of controlled release fertilizer damage through bonded particle modeling","volume":"468","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0105","first-page":"158","article-title":"Calibration and experiment of interaction parameters between layered sandy soil and contact components based on HSCM and LCM","volume":"56","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agri. Mach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2020.08.091","article-title":"A stochastic particle replacement strategy for simulating breakage in DEM","volume":"377","author":"Tavares","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2019.12.007","article-title":"Adapting a breakage model to discrete elements using polyhedral particles","volume":"362","author":"Tavares","year":"2020","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2018.06.036","article-title":"Fracture probability and fragment size distribution of fired Iron ore pellets by impact","volume":"336","author":"Tavares","year":"2018","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-5910(01)00438-7","article-title":"Modeling of particle fracture by repeated impacts using continuum damage mechanics","volume":"123","author":"Tavares","year":"2002","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2023.118309","article-title":"Influences of grooved wheel structural parameters on fertilizer discharge performance: optimization by simulation and experiment","volume":"418","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0145","article-title":"Distribution uniformity improvement methods of a large discharge rate disc spreader for UAV fertilizer application","volume":"220","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0150","first-page":"49","article-title":"Discrete element analysis and optimization design of collision blending for four flute-wheels fertilizer","volume":"54","author":"Yan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agri. Mach."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2025.121267","article-title":"Research on grains movement and interaction mechanism under rice blade spacing and sieve structure effect in vertical rice mill","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2019.01.082","article-title":"Discrete element method modelling of impact breakage of ellipsoidal agglomerate","volume":"346","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2021.12.022","article-title":"Modelling of grain breakage of in a vertical rice mill based on DEM simulation combining particle replacement model","volume":"215","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0170","first-page":"22","article-title":"Development status of slow\/controlled release fertilizers and their application prospects in agricultural production","volume":"12","author":"Zhai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Agric."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781_b0175","first-page":"80","article-title":"Simulated contact parameters calibration and experiment of controlled-release fertilizer particles","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agri. Mach."}],"container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169926003765?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169926003765?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:40:55Z","timestamp":1783111255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168169926003765"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0168169926003765"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Breakage mitigation optimization strategy for a spiral-groove wheel fertilizer distributor based on a controlled-release fertilizer breakage model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.111781","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111781"}}