{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T23:18:10Z","timestamp":1783639090359,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012165","name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFD1600600"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFD1600600"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012165","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002855","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People&apos;s Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002855","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,14]],"date-time":"2026-06-14T17:06:10Z","timestamp":1781456770000},"page":"112037","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Planar array radar\u2013capacitive multi-sensor fusion for powdery organic fertilizer flow rate monitoring"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"251","author":[{"given":"Yihan","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiongfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhua","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaopeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiyin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0010","first-page":"315","article-title":"Review of precision agriculture development situations in the main countries in the world and suggestions for China","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trans. Chinese Soc. Agric. Eng. (Transactions of the CSAE)"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0015","first-page":"21","article-title":"Capacitanc of symmetrical arc-cylindrical capacitor. College","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Physics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0020","first-page":"156","article-title":"Durum wheat yield forecasting using machine learning","volume":"6","author":"Chergui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0025","first-page":"133","article-title":"A novel elemental composition based prediction model for biochar aromaticity derived from machine learning","volume":"5","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Agric."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0030","first-page":"10","article-title":"Design and experiment of a fertilizer distribution apparatus with double-level screws","volume":"31","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. (Transactions of the CSAE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0035","unstructured":"Chen, P., Su, J., Xu, J., Liu, M., 2024. Design and experiment of hilly orchard vertical spiral ditching-fertilizing machine. Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. (Transactions of the CSAE). 55(10), 223-233+274. Doi: 10.6041\/j.issn.100-1298.2024.10.021."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0040","first-page":"278","article-title":"Optimization and experiment of co-rotating and double-spiral fertilizer feeder","volume":"43","author":"Dun","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Agric. Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0045","first-page":"550","article-title":"Boosting grapevine phenological stages prediction based on climatic data by pseudo-labeling approach","volume":"15","author":"Fasihi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0050","unstructured":"Han, H., 2023. Research on Granular Fertilizer Discharge Monitoring System Based on Millimeter-Wave Radar. Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University. PhD Thesis."},{"issue":"08","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0055","first-page":"43","article-title":"Research on focal plane arrays lidar simulation and point cloud matching in space station docking scenarios","volume":"54","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Infrared Laser Eng."},{"issue":"07","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0060","first-page":"100","article-title":"Effects of combined application of organic fertilizer and agricultural ferments on soil nutrients and growth of maize","volume":"2025","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soil Fertilizer Sci. China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0065","article-title":"Effects of organic fertilizer application on basal soil respiration and microbial community in the rhizosphere of soybean","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Eco-Agric. (Online First Release)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2023.129444","article-title":"Prediction of composting maturity and identification of critical parameters for green waste compost using machine learning","volume":"385","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0075","first-page":"51","article-title":"Research on fertilizer application strategy for rice-wheat dual-variable precision fertilizer applicator based on MLP","volume":"41","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. (Transactions of the CSAE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2024.132024","article-title":"Machine learning-based prediction of compost maturity and identification of key parameters during manure composting","volume":"419","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2025.110633","article-title":"Harnessing multi-source data and machine learning for enhanced rice yield estimation","volume":"237","author":"Saha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2024.108746","article-title":"Estimation of pore-water electrical conductivity in soilless tomatoes cultivation using an interpretable machine learning model","volume":"218","author":"Sodini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2025.110555","article-title":"Quantifying the influencing factors and predictive analysis of cotton defoliation and maturation based on machine learning","volume":"237","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3233\/ATDE77","article-title":"A machine learning-based irrigation prediction model for cherry tomatoes in greenhouses: Leveraging optimal growth data for precision irrigation","volume":"237","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"09","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0110","first-page":"2005","article-title":"Effects of combined application of organic and chemical fertilizers on rice quality in mechanically precision hill-direct-seeded hybrid rice","volume":"39","author":"Xiong","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Agric. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0115","unstructured":"Yan, L., Liu, L., Yan, M., Shu, C., Tong, L., Zhou, Z., Li, Z., 2025. Effects of organic fertilizer substitution for chemical fertilizer on rice yield and soil quality: A study based onlong-term equal nutrient substitution. (Final acceptance draft). Doi: 10.19674\/j.cnki.issn1000-6923.20250828.001."},{"issue":"05","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0125","first-page":"133","article-title":"Current Status and prospects of orchard ditching and fertilization machinery","volume":"46","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Chin. Agric. Mech."},{"issue":"06","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0130","first-page":"270","article-title":"Design and test of the monitoring system for the fertilizer discharge of hinged lever type fertilizer box","volume":"41","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Huazhong Agric. Univ."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0135","first-page":"27","article-title":"Design of monitoring system for wheat precision seeding-fertilizing machine based on variable distance photoelectric sensor","volume":"34","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. (Transactions of the CSAE)"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0140","first-page":"44","article-title":"Design and test of fertilizer mass monitoring system based on capacitance method","volume":"33","author":"Zhou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. (Transactions of the CSAE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0145","article-title":"Novel detection method of fertilizer discharge flow rate for centrifugal variable spreader based on improved lightweight YOLOv5s-seg","volume":"230","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"issue":"03","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0150","first-page":"481","article-title":"Prediction of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) fishing ground in the Atlantic Ocean based on the modified XGBoost model","volume":"40","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Dalian Ocean Univ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0155","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Li, G., Xie, J., Zhu, X., 2025. Prediction of boiling heat exchange performance in microchannel based on random forest and XGBoost algorithm. Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. (Online first release). https:\/\/link.cnki.net\/urlid\/11.2625.V.20250807.1500.005."},{"issue":"02","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0160","first-page":"210","article-title":"Based on the double system of variable rate fertilization GWO comes - GRNN construction of a prediction model for fertilizer discharge volume","volume":"52","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Jiangsu Agric. Sci."},{"issue":"S1","key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0165","first-page":"125","article-title":"Design and experiment of Shaftless spirals fertilizer discharging and fertilizer delivery device of no-tillage planters","volume":"54","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trans. Chin. Soc. Agric. Eng. (Transactions of the CSAE)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037_b0170","unstructured":"Zheng, J., Wang, X., Qin, W., Fu, X., Li, G., 2024. Research and Experiment on a Two-Stage Spiral Precision Variable Auto-Targeting Remote Fertilization Device. J. Southwest Univ. (Natural Science Edition). 46(04), 174-188. Doi: 10.13718\/j.cnki.xdzk.2024.04.017."}],"container-title":["Computers and Electronics in Agriculture"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169926006320?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0168169926006320?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T22:52:12Z","timestamp":1783637532000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0168169926006320"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":31,"alternative-id":["S0168169926006320"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0168-1699"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0168-1699","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Planar array radar\u2013capacitive multi-sensor fusion for powdery organic fertilizer flow rate monitoring","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Electronics in Agriculture","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compag.2026.112037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"112037"}}