{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T12:22:02Z","timestamp":1773231722906,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011680","name":"King Fahad Medical City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRB 23-283"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRB 23-283"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011680","name":"King Fahad Medical City","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IRF 024-019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRF 024-019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011680","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T03:46:49Z","timestamp":1758599209000},"page":"108687","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Prognosis models for nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrences by using tabu search algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-2118-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yara","family":"Raslan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mushabab","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8811-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed M.","family":"Maklad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7159-4414","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alaa","family":"Fahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b1","series-title":"Pattern Recognition","article-title":"Hybrid metaheuristics for classification problems","author":"Abd-Alsabour","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b2","series-title":"Computational Intelligence for Multimedia Big Data on the Cloud with Engineering Applications","first-page":"185","article-title":"Chapter 10 - metaheuristic algorithms: A comprehensive review","author":"Abdel-Basset","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.48161\/qaj.v1n2a50","article-title":"Machine learning applications based on SVM classification a review","volume":"1","author":"Abdullah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qubahan Acad. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adamczewski, Kamil, Suh, Yumin, Mu Lee, Kyoung, 2015. Discrete tabu search for graph matching. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 109\u2013117.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2015.21"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b5","article-title":"Metaheuristic algorithms on feature selection: A survey of one decade of research (2009\u20132019)","volume":"PP","author":"Agrawal","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b6","series-title":"Healthcare","first-page":"541","article-title":"Machine-learning-based disease diagnosis: A comprehensive review","volume":"Vol. 10","author":"Ahsan","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/1533033820909829","article-title":"Evaluation of prognosis in nasopharyngeal cancer using machine learning","volume":"19","author":"Akcay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technol. Cancer Res. Treat."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.58429\/pgjsrt.v2n2a144","article-title":"Overview of metaheuristic algorithms","volume":"2","author":"Almufti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Polaris Glob. J. Sch. Res. Trends"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.3390\/sym14030623","article-title":"A new meta-heuristics data clustering algorithm based on tabu search and adaptive search memory","volume":"14","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jons.2019.01.002","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal cancer in Saudi Arabia: Epidemiology and possible risk factors","volume":"5","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Oncol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acags.2022.100100","article-title":"Enhanced machine learning tree classifiers for lithology identification using Bayesian optimization","volume":"16","author":"Asante-Okyere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Comput. Geosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-020-01626-z","article-title":"A knowledge-based intensity-modulated radiation therapy treatment planning technique for locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma radiotherapy","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Radiat. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-0090","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in cancer research and precision medicine","volume":"11","author":"Bhinder","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cancer Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b14","article-title":"Logistic regression for machine learning","volume":"1","author":"Brownlee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mach. Learn. Mastery"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1515\/math-2017-0029","article-title":"Learnheuristics: hybridizing metaheuristics with machine learning for optimization with dynamic inputs","volume":"15","author":"Calvet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Math."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.14639\/0392-100X-N2222","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma. a \u201cdifferent\u201d head and neck tumour. Part a: from histology to staging","volume":"43","author":"Cant\u00f9","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Otorhinolaryngol. Ital."},{"issue":"10192","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)30956-0","article-title":"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma","volume":"394","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b18","first-page":"99","article-title":"Quality control of VMAT planning using artificial neural network models for nasopharyngeal carcinoma","author":"CHEN","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. J. Radiol. Med. Prot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b19","series-title":"Metaheuristic schemes and machine learning techniques: A synergistic perspective","first-page":"850","author":"Cuevas","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8068913","article-title":"Machine learning analysis of image data based on detailed MR image reports for nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis","volume":"2020","author":"Cui","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b21","article-title":"Artificial intelligence and cancer: Applications and prospects in cancer diagnosis and treatment","author":"Deshmukh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nanomed"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s10479-021-04496-0","article-title":"Metaheuristics for data mining: survey and opportunities for big data","volume":"314","author":"Dhaenens","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b23","article-title":"Tabu search and machine-learning classification of benign and malignant proliferative breast lesions","volume":"2020","author":"Dhahri","year":"2020","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b24","article-title":"Radiomics model to predict early progression of nonmetastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma after intensity modulation radiation therapy: a multicenter study","volume":"1","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiol.: Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09952-0","article-title":"Metaheuristics: a comprehensive overview and classification along with bibliometric analysis","volume":"54","author":"Ezugwu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b26","first-page":"Article","article-title":"An integer programming model for predicting multi-shapes of 3D protein structure model","volume":"2023","author":"Fahim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Commun. Math. Biol. Neurosci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b27","series-title":"2022 Second International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Computing, Communication and Sustainable Technologies","first-page":"1","article-title":"A comparison between different kernels of support vector machine to predict cardiovascular diseases using phonocardiogram signal","author":"Fahim","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.08.045","article-title":"Optimization problems for machine learning: A survey","volume":"290","author":"Gambella","year":"2021","journal-title":"European J. Oper. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b29","series-title":"2020 IEEE International Students\u2019 Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Science","first-page":"1","article-title":"Feature selection techniques and its importance in machine learning: A survey","author":"Gupta","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b30","first-page":"27","article-title":"Meta-heuristics and artificial intelligence","author":"Hao","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.115290","article-title":"A parallel metaheuristic approach for ensemble feature selection based on multi-core architectures","volume":"182","author":"Hijazi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.04.032","article-title":"Machine learning at the service of meta-heuristics for solving combinatorial optimization problems: A state-of-the-art","volume":"296","author":"Karimi-Mamaghan","year":"2022","journal-title":"European J. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4519","DOI":"10.1007\/s11063-022-11055-6","article-title":"Application of meta-heuristic algorithms for training neural networks and deep learning architectures: A comprehensive review","volume":"55","author":"Kaveh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neural Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2022.108094","article-title":"Artificial neural network-based cardiovascular disease prediction using spectral features","volume":"101","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1089\/big.2021.0132","article-title":"An efficient, ensemble-based classification framework for big medical data","volume":"10","author":"Khan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Big Data"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3817","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12123817","article-title":"Machine learning algorithms to predict recurrence within 10 years after breast cancer surgery: A prospective cohort study","volume":"12","author":"Lou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b37","series-title":"Discrete Diversity and Dispersion Maximization: A Tutorial on Metaheuristic Optimization","first-page":"137","article-title":"Tabu search","author":"Mart\u00ed","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b38","unstructured":"Matlab Mathwork,, 2023. Classification learner app, https:ch.mathworks.com\/help\/stats\/classificationlearner-app.htm."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1007\/s12553-021-00555-5","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in disease diagnostics: A critical review and classification on the current state of research guiding future direction","volume":"11","author":"Mirbabaie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heal. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.2147\/CMAR.S341583","article-title":"Application of artificial intelligence for nasopharyngeal carcinoma management\u2013a systematic review","author":"Ng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2021.660148","article-title":"A framework for implementing metaheuristic algorithms using intercellular communication","volume":"9","author":"Ortiz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4111","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14174111","article-title":"Treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a sequential challenge","volume":"14","author":"Peng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnano.2022.972421","article-title":"SKCV: Stratified K-fold cross-validation on ML classifiers for predicting cervical cancer","volume":"4","author":"Prusty","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b44","first-page":"236","article-title":"On the use of clustering algorithms in medical domain","volume":"17","author":"Rehioui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Artif. Intel"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b45","series-title":"Research in Computer Science in the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences","first-page":"385","article-title":"Metaheuristic algorithms: Theory and applications","author":"Ribagin","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11047-020-09824-0","article-title":"Classifying metaheuristics: Towards a unified multi-level classification system","volume":"21","author":"Stegherr","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1811","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-010-1385-x","article-title":"Current treatment options for recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer","volume":"267","author":"Su\u00e1rez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Arch. Otrhinolaryngol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b48","first-page":"41","article-title":"K-nearest neighbors based automatic modulation classifier for next generation adaptive radio systems","volume":"13","author":"Subbarao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Sec. Appl.(IJSIA), NADIA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2013.10.020","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of intensity-modulated radiotherapy for 868 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma: an analysis of survival and treatment toxicities","volume":"110","author":"Sun","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2021.05.042","article-title":"Metaheuristics \u201cin the large\u201d","volume":"297","author":"Swan","year":"2022","journal-title":"European J. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"3\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b51","first-page":"21","article-title":"Early detection of breast cancer using machine learning techniques","volume":"10","author":"Tahmooresi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Telecommun. Electron. Comput. Engineering (JTEC)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.15623\/ijret.2016.0517022","article-title":"Medical data classification using different optimization techniques: a survey","volume":"5","author":"Tarle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Res. Eng. Tech"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2016.03.005","article-title":"Metaheuristic algorithms for healthcare: Open issues and challenges","volume":"53","author":"Tsai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Comput. Electr. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-10358-x","article-title":"Comparative performance analysis of K-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm and its different variants for disease prediction","volume":"12","author":"Uddin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Varniab, Mahsa Shokri, Hung, Chih-Cheng, Sharghi, Vahid Khalilzad, 2019. Classification of multiclass datasets using genetic programming. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Research in Adaptive and Convergent Systems. pp. 76\u201382.","DOI":"10.1145\/3338840.3355656"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.01.008","article-title":"Normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models for predicting temporal lobe injury after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a large registry-based retrospective study from China","volume":"157","author":"Wen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother. Oncol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm11020061","article-title":"Breast cancer type classification using machine learning","volume":"11","author":"Wu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pers. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1007\/s00259-020-04756-4","article-title":"Effect of machine learning re-sampling techniques for imbalanced datasets in 18 F-FDG PET-based radiomics model on prognostication performance in cohorts of head and neck cancer patients","volume":"47","author":"Xie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nucl. Med. Mol. Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.12785\/amis\/080306","article-title":"Metaheuristic algorithms: optimal balance of intensification and diversification","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2020.06.036","article-title":"A hybrid method integrating an elite genetic algorithm with tabu search for the quadratic assignment problem","volume":"539","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."}],"container-title":["Computational Biology and Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927125003482?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1476927125003482?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T15:38:35Z","timestamp":1773157115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1476927125003482"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":60,"alternative-id":["S1476927125003482"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687","relation":{},"ISSN":["1476-9271"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1476-9271","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prognosis models for nasopharyngeal carcinoma recurrences by using tabu search algorithm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computational Biology and Chemistry","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiolchem.2025.108687","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"108687"}}