{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:44:42Z","timestamp":1774932282088,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T16:37:55Z","timestamp":1773851875000},"page":"111627","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Does maternal respiration modulate maternal-fetal cardiovascular coupling?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2078-6173","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"G.","family":"Steyde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2416-0220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A.","family":"Galli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1231-9372","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"E.","family":"Peri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5805-5333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.B.","family":"Van der Hout-van der Jagt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J.O.E.H.","family":"Van Laar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"M.G.","family":"Signorini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1179-5385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Mischi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.009029","article-title":"Cardiovascular physiology of pregnancy","volume":"130","author":"Sanghavi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0802","article-title":"Placental-fetal interrelationship in IUGR fetuses\u2014a review","volume":"23","author":"Pardi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16504","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.202001743R","article-title":"Protective effects of Pravastatin on the embryonic cardiovascular system during hypoxic development","volume":"34","author":"Itani","year":"2020","journal-title":"The FASEB Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)80008-2","article-title":"Fetal and maternal diurnal rhythms during the third trimester of normal pregnancy: outcomes of computerized analysis of continuous twenty-four\u2014hour fetal heart rate recordings","volume":"178","author":"Lunshof","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0287245","article-title":"Evidence and clinical relevance of maternal-fetal cardiac coupling: a scoping review","volume":"18","author":"Nichting","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bspc.2016.06.010","article-title":"Analysis of maternal\u2013fetal heart rate coupling directions with partial directed coherence","volume":"30","author":"Khandoker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomed. Signal Process. Control"},{"issue":"APR","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0035","article-title":"Alterations in maternal-fetal heart rate coupling strength and directions in abnormal fetuses","volume":"10","author":"Khandoker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145672","article-title":"Quantifying the interactions between maternal and fetal heart rates by transfer entropy","volume":"10","author":"Marzbanrad","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05390-8","article-title":"Fetal heart rate variability responsiveness to maternal stress, non-invasively detected from maternal transabdominal ECG","volume":"301","author":"Lobmaier","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22118","article-title":"Fetal heart rate during maternal sleep","volume":"63","author":"DiPietro","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dev. Psychobiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0815\/10\/4B\/009","article-title":"Power spectral analysis of the heart rate of the human fetus at 26 and 36 weeks of gestation","volume":"10","author":"Ferrazzi","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2.683","article-title":"Respiratory sinus arrhythmia","volume":"125","author":"Yasuma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1088\/0143-0815\/10\/4B\/004","article-title":"Spectral analysis of antepartum heart rate variability","volume":"10","author":"Cerutti","year":"1989","journal-title":"Clin. Phys. Physiol. Meas."},{"issue":"33","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13661","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0901049106","article-title":"Influence of paced maternal breathing on fetal-maternal heart rate coordination","volume":"106","author":"Van Leeuwen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1897","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2010.2042715","article-title":"Testing frequency-domain causality in multivariate time series","volume":"57","author":"Faes","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/13065","article-title":"Multivariate frequency domain analysis of causal interactions in physiological time series","author":"Faes","year":"2011"},{"issue":"1997","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0618","article-title":"A framework for assessing frequency domain causality in physiological time series with instantaneous effects","volume":"371","author":"Faes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2180379","article-title":"Accounting for respiration is necessary to reliably infer granger causality from cardiovascular variability series","volume":"59","author":"Porta","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnetp.2024.1315316","article-title":"The contribution of Granger causality analysis to our understanding of cardiovascular homeostasis: from cardiovascular and respiratory interactions to central autonomic network control","volume":"4","author":"Pichot","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Netw. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1007\/s00246-010-9668-y","article-title":"Conotruncal cardiac defects: a clinical imaging perspective","volume":"31","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatr. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1002\/uog.2804","article-title":"The examiner\u2019s ultrasound experience has a significant impact on the detection rate of congenital heart defects at the second-trimester fetal examination","volume":"28","author":"Tegnander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ultrasound Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12373","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of the performance of second-trimester screening for prenatal detection of congenital heart defects","volume":"140","author":"van Velzen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.2005.078097","article-title":"Delayed diagnosis of congenital heart disease worsens preoperative condition and outcome of surgery in neonates","volume":"92","author":"Brown","year":"2006","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232606","article-title":"The standardized 12-lead fetal electrocardiogram of the healthy fetus in mid-pregnancy: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Lempersz","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0125","series-title":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved mECG removal and fECG extraction by integrated periodic components analysis and singular value decomposition","author":"Galli","year":"2024"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1607","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/35\/8\/1607","article-title":"An efficient unsupervised fetal QRS complex detection from abdominal maternal ECG","volume":"35","author":"Varanini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1088\/0967-3334\/37\/4\/610","article-title":"An assessment of algorithms to estimate respiratory rate from the electrocardiogram and photoplethysmogram","volume":"37","author":"Charlton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Physiol. Meas."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2666","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2013.2257742","article-title":"Empirical mode decomposition VS. Wavelet decomposition for the extraction of respiratory signal from single-channel ECG: a comparison","volume":"13","author":"Labate","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6039","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2951223","article-title":"Multivariate variational mode decomposition","volume":"67","author":"ur Rehman","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2015.06.020","article-title":"FIGO consensus guidelines on intrapartum fetal monitoring: cardiotocography","volume":"131","author":"Ayres-de-Campos","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/03091902.2019.1640306","article-title":"A robust algorithm for heart rate variability time series artefact correction using novel beat classification","volume":"43","author":"Lipponen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.103.238701","article-title":"Granger causality and transfer entropy are equivalent for Gaussian variables","volume":"103","author":"Barnett","year":"2009","journal-title":"Phys. Rev. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2012.0191","article-title":"Cardiovascular and cardiorespiratory coupling analyses: a review","volume":"371","author":"Schulz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A: Math. Phys. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0170","series-title":"15th International Conference on Digital Signal Processing","first-page":"163","article-title":"Generalized partial directed coherence","author":"Baccala","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s00422-021-00880-y","article-title":"Partial directed coherence: twenty years on some history and an appraisal","volume":"115","author":"Baccal\u00e1","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Cybern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2018.06.001","article-title":"Surrogate data for hypothesis testing of physical systems","volume":"748","author":"Lancaster","year":"2018","journal-title":"Phys. Rep."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2004.827271","article-title":"Surrogate data analysis for assessing the significance of the coherence function","volume":"51","author":"Faes","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01391.x","article-title":"Effects of respiration on blood pressure and heart rate variability in humans","volume":"18","author":"Elghozi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.1998.tb02255.x","article-title":"Effects of hypoxaemia on foetal heart rate, variability and cardiac rhythm","volume":"25","author":"Yu","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1097\/GRF.0000000000000553","article-title":"Physiology of fetal heart rate monitoring","volume":"63","author":"Heuser","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/27.8.1527","article-title":"Increased cardiac autonomic responses to auditory challenges in swaddled infants","volume":"27","author":"Franco","year":"2004","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2014.12.016","article-title":"Autonomic regulation in fetuses with congenital heart disease","volume":"91","author":"Siddiqui","year":"2015","journal-title":"Early Hum. Dev."}],"container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482526001903?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482526001903?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:10:48Z","timestamp":1774926648000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010482526001903"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S0010482526001903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4825","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Does maternal respiration modulate maternal-fetal cardiovascular coupling?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111627","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111627"}}