{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T04:43:25Z","timestamp":1774932205442,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773878400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018010","name":"National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Cluster","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M25N2K0137"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M25N2K0137"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018010","name":"National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Cluster","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["M25N2K0146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M25N2K0146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018010","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOH-001096-00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOH-001096-00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001349","name":"National Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIRG25jan-0016 24-0301-A0001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIRG25jan-0016 24-0301-A0001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T00:13:09Z","timestamp":1774483989000},"page":"111634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mapping fusion zones to motion resistance: Finite element insights into return-to-activity after interbody fusion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"207","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6091-6684","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lionel Yan Jin","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Namith","family":"Rangaswamy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8810-3674","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"K","family":"Joshua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Priyambada","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Si Jian","family":"Hui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-5481-2480","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Zihui","family":"Leow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jiong Hao","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James Thomas Patrick Decourcy","family":"Hallinan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"A.","family":"Senthil Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4538-5031","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naresh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682241248095","article-title":"Do TLIF and PLIF techniques differ in perioperative complications? - comparison of complications rates of two high volume centers","volume":"15","author":"Mehren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-024-07531-w","article-title":"Pseudarthrosis risk factors in lumbar fusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"25","author":"Boonsirikamchai","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1582390","article-title":"Impact of surgical approach on clinical outcomes in the treatment of lumbar pseudarthrosis","volume":"6","author":"OwensIi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib4","first-page":"393","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of revision fusion for lumbar pseudarthrosis: clinical article","volume":"15","author":"Adogwa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg.: Spine SPI"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000172160.78207.49","article-title":"Analysis of stress distribution in lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"30","author":"Kumar","year":"2005","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.3171\/2024.9.SPINE2465","article-title":"Development of a unified and comprehensive definition of successful spinal fusion: a systematic review","volume":"42","author":"Sanghvi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Neurosurg. Spine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1177\/09544119231184379","article-title":"Finite element analysis of lattice designed lumbar interbody cage based on the additive manufacturing","volume":"237","author":"Bozyi\u011fit","year":"2023","journal-title":"Proc. IME H J. Eng. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1007\/s40846-025-00965-0","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of two intervertebral fusions for L4-L5 spinal segment using the finite element methods: titanium alloy versus PEEK intervertebral fusion cages","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Med. Biol. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2022.01.107","article-title":"Does cage position affect the risk of cage subsidence after oblique lumbar interbody fusion in the osteoporotic lumbar spine: a finite element analysis","volume":"161","author":"Qin","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Neurosurg."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2053","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682231166612","article-title":"Biomechanical analysis of lumbar interbody fusion cages with various elastic moduli in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic lumbar spine: a finite element analysis","volume":"14","author":"Zou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app15105384","article-title":"Biomechanical optimization of lumbar fusion cages with a porous design: a finite element analysis","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-9-88","article-title":"Biomechanical comparison of a new stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion cage with established fixation techniques \u2013 a three-dimensional finite element analysis","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC Muscoskelet. Disord."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12938-019-0684-8","article-title":"Is there any advantage of using stand-alone cages? A numerical approach","volume":"18","author":"Calvo-Echenique","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Eng. Online"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2024.1510597","article-title":"Quantitative relationships between elastic modulus of rod and biomechanical properties of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion: a finite element analysis","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medengphy.2010.11.018","article-title":"Rigid and flexible spinal stabilization devices: a biomechanical comparison","volume":"33","author":"Galbusera","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Eng. Phys."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/10255842.2011.565751","article-title":"Apparent Young's modulus of vertebral cortico-cancellous bone specimens","volume":"15","author":"El Masri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Biomech. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medntd.2022.100138","article-title":"Biomechanical evaluation of two fusion techniques based on finite element analysis: percutaneous endoscopic and minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion","volume":"16","author":"Yan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine in Novel Technology and Devices"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/10225536251399941","article-title":"Three-dimensional finite-element analysis of a pedicle screw system combined with a titanium mesh support and fixation in the treatment of L4\u20135 vertebral tuberculosis","volume":"33","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Orthop. Surg."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.RVW.23.00065","article-title":"Radiologic assessment of interbody fusion: a systematic review on the use, reliability, and accuracy of current fusion criteria","volume":"12","author":"Duits","year":"2024","journal-title":"JBJS Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jbm.b.35359","article-title":"Finite element analysis of vertebroplasty in the osteoporotic T11-L1 vertebral body: effects of bone cement formulation","volume":"112","author":"Mondal","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Mater. Res. B Appl. Biomater."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s21072476","article-title":"Automatically determining lumbar load during physically demanding work: a validation study","volume":"21","author":"Roossien","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-023-07733-1","article-title":"The mechanical loading of the spine in physical activities","volume":"32","author":"Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. Spine J."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199110000-00012","article-title":"Lumbar spine loads during the lifting of extremely heavy weights","volume":"23","author":"Cholewicki","year":"1991","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1080\/24725838.2021.2015642","article-title":"Low back biomechanics during repetitive deadlifts: a narrative review","volume":"10","author":"Ramirez","year":"2022","journal-title":"IISE Transactions on Occupational Ergonomics and Human Factors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/21925682251384662","article-title":"Radiographic assessment of successful lumbar spinal fusion: a systematic review of fusion criteria in randomized trials","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Glob. Spine J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/01.brs.0000255201.74795.20","article-title":"Residual sagittal motion after lumbar fusion: a finite element analysis with implications on radiographic flexion-extension criteria","volume":"32","author":"Bono","year":"2007","journal-title":"Spine"}],"container-title":["Computers in Biology and Medicine"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482526001976?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010482526001976?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T03:09:18Z","timestamp":1774926558000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010482526001976"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":26,"alternative-id":["S0010482526001976"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4825","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mapping fusion zones to motion resistance: Finite element insights into return-to-activity after interbody fusion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers in Biology and Medicine","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compbiomed.2026.111634","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111634"}}