{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T05:07:23Z","timestamp":1775106443918,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022YFB4002102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022YFB4002102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers &amp; Chemical Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T16:43:50Z","timestamp":1770828230000},"page":"109592","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Performance optimization of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell using experimental and machine learning approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"209","author":[{"given":"Meshac B.","family":"Ngungu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kaichen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mbula Ngoy","family":"Nad\u00e8ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Wanchen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael N.","family":"Yang\u2019tshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Constant Kunambu","family":"Mbolikidolani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8436-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3390\/en18010208","article-title":"Simulation of PEM electrolyzer power management with renewable generation in Owerri, Nigeria [J]","volume":"18","author":"Ahaotu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/ce\/zkae112","article-title":"Hydrogen as a clean energy carrier: advancements, challenges, and its role in a sustainable energy future [J]","volume":"9","author":"Akpasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clean Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0007","article-title":"Investigation of the degradation of proton exchange membrane water electrolysis cells using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy with distribution of relaxation times analysis [J]","volume":"473","author":"Batalla","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/eng6040072","article-title":"Proton exchange membrane electrolysis revisited: advancements, challenges, and two-phase transport insights in materials and modelling [J]","author":"Bayat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0033","first-page":"e1484","article-title":"Hyperparameter optimization: foundations, algorithms, best practices, and open challenges [J]","volume":"13","author":"Bischl","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Data Min. Knowl. Discov."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"959","DOI":"10.1007\/s42765-022-00170-7","article-title":"Recent advancements on three-dimensional electrospun nanofiber scaffolds for tissue engineering [J]","volume":"4","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv. Fiber Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e623","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj-cs.623","article-title":"The coefficient of determination R-squared is more informative than SMAPE, MAE, MAPE, MSE and RMSE in regression analysis evaluation [J]","volume":"7","author":"Chicco","year":"2021","journal-title":"Peerj Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2014.01.026","article-title":"In situ diagnostic techniques for characterisation of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysers\u2013Flow visualisation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy [J]","volume":"39","author":"Dedigama","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F1419","DOI":"10.1149\/2.0651713jes","article-title":"Electrochemical characterization of a PEMEC using impedance spectroscopy [J]","volume":"164","author":"Els\u00f8e","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.11.227","article-title":"Enhancing alkaline water electrolysis through innovative approaches and parametric study [J]","volume":"55","author":"Emam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.54097\/bkf70m20","article-title":"The role of hydrogen in achieving sustainable energy systems: challenges and opportunities [J]","volume":"116","author":"FAN","year":"2024","journal-title":"Highlights Sci. Eng. Technol."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3683","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04514-z","article-title":"Machine learning toward high-performance electrochemical sensors [J]","volume":"415","author":"Giordano","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4968","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2008.11.056","article-title":"Optimization of porous current collectors for PEM water electrolysers [J]","volume":"34","author":"Grigoriev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120485","article-title":"Distribution of relaxation times used for analyzing the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell [J]","volume":"227","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2017.10.017","article-title":"Composite membrane with electrospun multiscale-textured surface for robust oil-fouling resistance in membrane distillation [J]","volume":"546","author":"Hou","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Memb. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2022.124930","article-title":"Correlation analysis and prediction of PEM fuel cell voltage during start-stop operation based on real-world driving data [J]","volume":"260","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2010.10.091","article-title":"Influence of properties of gas diffusion layers on the performance of polymer electrolyte-based unitized reversible fuel cells [J]","volume":"36","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2012.05.068","article-title":"Influence of pore structural properties of current collectors on the performance of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer [J]","volume":"100","author":"Ito","year":"2013","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0029","article-title":"Probing battery interfaces and interphases with microelectrodes: spatially and temporally resolved single-entity measurements [J]","author":"Khaund","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Energy Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0009","series-title":"Machine Learning Quick Reference: Quick and Essential Machine Learning Hacks for Training Smart Data Models [M]","author":"Kumar","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2019.05.010","article-title":"Deconvolving distribution of relaxation times, resistances and inductance from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy via statistical model selection: exploiting structural-sparsity regularization and data-driven parameter tuning [J]","volume":"313","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0024","article-title":"Application of distribution of relaxation times method in polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzer [J]","volume":"451","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0005","series-title":"Proceedings of the 243rd ECS Meeting (Electrochemical Society Meeting Abstracts 243)","article-title":"Membrane electrolyzers for hydrogen production: From catalyst fundamentals to devices","author":"Lindquist","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1149\/1945-7111\/ad4d1f","article-title":"Experimental investigation of PEM water electrolyser stack performance under dynamic operation conditions [J]","volume":"171","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Electrochem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joule.2022.05.005","article-title":"The timescale identification decoupling complicated kinetic processes in lithium batteries [J]","volume":"6","author":"Lu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Joule"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1149\/08513.1593ecst","article-title":"Effect of anode flow channel depth on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyser [J]","volume":"85","author":"Majasan","year":"2018","journal-title":"ECS Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.electacta.2021.138954","article-title":"Understanding the distribution of relaxation times of a low\u2013Pt PEM fuel cell [J]","volume":"391","author":"Reshetenko","year":"2021","journal-title":"Electrochim. Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2166\/hydro.2008.015","article-title":"Data-driven modelling: some past experiences and new approaches [J]","volume":"10","author":"Solomatine","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Hydroinform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0028","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2020 4th CAA International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence (CVCI)","article-title":"Analysis of fuel cell impedance characteristics at high current density based on distribution of relaxation times","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jelechem.2024.118272","article-title":"Shape factor optimisation for the distribution of relaxation times to better deconvolute electrochemical impedance spectra [J]","volume":"962","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Electroanal. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0027","first-page":"1","article-title":"Adaptive multi-parameter regularization approach to construct the distribution function of relaxation times [J]","volume":"11","author":"\u017dic","year":"2020","journal-title":"GEM-Int. J. Geomath."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2021.12.233","article-title":"A data-driven digital-twin model and control of high temperature proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells [J]","volume":"47","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Hydrog. Energy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1080\/15435075.2021.1974450","article-title":"Modeling and optimization of high temperature proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cells [J]","volume":"19","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Green Energy"}],"container-title":["Computers &amp; Chemical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098135426000451?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0098135426000451?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T03:39:45Z","timestamp":1775101185000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0098135426000451"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0098135426000451"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592","relation":{},"ISSN":["0098-1354"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0098-1354","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Performance optimization of proton exchange membrane electrolyzer cell using experimental and machine learning approaches","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Chemical Engineering","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2026.109592","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109592"}}