{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:05:09Z","timestamp":1783922709902,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers &amp; Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:23:31Z","timestamp":1780327411000},"page":"105677","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The DIPS model: GenAI integration in digital information problem solving by experts and novices"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1542-6672","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josien","family":"Boetje","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6901-0313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zindzi","family":"de Graaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-9558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iwan","family":"Wopereis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9520-4652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stan O.","family":"van Ginkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8500-0269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthijs H.J.","family":"Smakman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Versendaal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4684-4287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erik","family":"Barendsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1300\/J107v09n04_09","article-title":"Information literacy competency standards for higher education","volume":"9","year":"2000","journal-title":"Community & Junior College Libraries"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2022.104433","article-title":"Fostering information problem solving skills through online task-centred instruction in higher education","volume":"180","author":"Argelagos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2023.100745","article-title":"Using ChatGPT for second language writing: Pitfalls and potentials","volume":"57","author":"Barrot","year":"2023","journal-title":"Assessing Writing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00138871","article-title":"Enhancing teaching through constructive alignment","volume":"32","author":"Biggs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib5","series-title":"Teaching for quality learning at university: What the student does","author":"Biggs","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.4338981","article-title":"A computer wrote this paper: What ChatGPT means for education, research, and writing","author":"Bishop","year":"2023","journal-title":"SSRN Electronic Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543251338057","article-title":"Design principles for developing information problem solving competence in higher education: A systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"Boetje","year":"2025","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chbr.2024.100470","article-title":"Information problem solving during a digital authentic task: A thematic analysis of students' strategies","volume":"15","author":"Boetje","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib9","author":"Bogchelman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Factors influencing higher education students\u2019 information processing: Implications for academic libraries"},{"issue":"3\/4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib10","first-page":"243","article-title":"Integration of the information problem-solving skill in an educational programme: The effects of learning with authentic tasks","volume":"4","author":"Brand-Gruwel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Technology, Instruction, Cognition and Learning"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2004.10.005","article-title":"Information problem solving by experts and novices: Analysis of a complex cognitive skill","volume":"21","author":"Brand-Gruwel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2009.06.004","article-title":"A descriptive model of information problem solving while using internet","volume":"53","author":"Brand-Gruwel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105198","article-title":"Unpacking help-seeking process through multimodal learning analytics: A comparative study of ChatGPT vs human expert","volume":"226","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib14","series-title":"Handbook of research on educational communications and technology","first-page":"577","article-title":"Cognitive task analysis","author":"Clark","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib15","article-title":"AI and epistemic agency: How AI influences belief revision and its normative implications","volume":"1\u201313","author":"Coeckelbergh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Social Epistemology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104967","article-title":"Impact of AI assistance on student agency","volume":"210","author":"Darvishi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.3354\/esep00195","article-title":"Plagiarism in the age of massive generative Pre-trained transformers (GPT-3)","volume":"21","author":"Dehouche","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ethics in Science and Environmental Politics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.82.5.708","article-title":"The impact of basic data literacy skills on work-related empowerment: The alumni perspective","volume":"82","author":"Deja","year":"2021","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02763327","article-title":"Technology for a purpose: Technology for information problem-solving with the Big6\u00ae","volume":"47","author":"Eisenberg","year":"2003","journal-title":"TechTrends"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib21","series-title":"Information problem solving: The big six skills approach to library & information skills instruction","author":"Eisenberg","year":"1990"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.87.3.215","article-title":"Verbal reports as data","volume":"87","author":"Ericsson","year":"1980","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.11648\/j.ajtas.20160501.11","article-title":"Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling","volume":"5","author":"Etikan","year":"2016","journal-title":"American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib25","article-title":"Beware of metacognitive laziness: Effects of generative artificial intelligence on learning motivation, processes, and performance","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"British Journal of Educational Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1366434","article-title":"Prompt engineering as a new 21st century skill","volume":"9","author":"Federiakin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib27","article-title":"What ChatGPT means for universities: Perceptions of scholars and students","volume":"6","author":"Firat","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.03.048","article-title":"Completion strategy or emphasis manipulation? Task support for teaching information problem solving","volume":"62","author":"Frerejean","year":"2016","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12276","article-title":"Effects of a modelling example for teaching information problem solving skills","volume":"34","author":"Frerejean","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2018.08.043","article-title":"Embedded instruction to learn information problem solving: Effects of a whole task approach","volume":"90","author":"Frerejean","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib31","first-page":"24","article-title":"The perception of artificial intelligence in educational contexts after the launch of ChatGPT: Disruption or panic?","author":"Garc\u00eda Pe\u00f1alvo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Education in the Knowledge Society (EKS)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/socsci13050251","article-title":"Exploring motivators for trust in the dichotomy of Human\u2014Ai trust dynamics","volume":"13","author":"Gerlich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Social Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3390\/soc15010006","article-title":"AI tools in society: Impacts on cognitive offloading and the future of critical thinking","volume":"15","author":"Gerlich","year":"2025","journal-title":"Societies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib34","article-title":"Generative ai's impact on critical thinking: Revisiting bloom's taxonomy","author":"Gonsalves","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Marketing Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4148\/2160-942X.1094","article-title":"Information creation as an AI prompt: Implications for the ACRL framework","volume":"14","author":"Hovious","year":"2024","journal-title":"Kansas Library Association College and University Libraries Section Proceedings"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1007\/s12528-024-09396-3","article-title":"Exploring the relationship between students' information problem solving patterns and epistemic beliefs: A mixed methods sequential analysis study","volume":"37","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Computing in Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1645237","article-title":"Outsourcing cognition: The psychological costs of AI-era convenience","volume":"16","author":"Jose","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.system.2022.102722","article-title":"Peer interaction, writing proficiency, and the quality of collaborative digital multimodal composing task: Comparing guided and unguided planning","volume":"106","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"System"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib40","series-title":"Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology","author":"Krippendorff","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib41","series-title":"Seeking meaning: A process approach to library and information services","author":"Kuhlthau","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib42","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI conference on human factors in computing systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of generative AI on critical thinking: Self-reported reductions in cognitive effort and confidence effects from a survey of knowledge workers","author":"Lee","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104977","article-title":"Investigating students' cognitive processes in generative AI-assisted digital multimodal composing and traditional writing","volume":"211","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers and Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1108\/JD-02-2019-0035","article-title":"Chasing Frankenstein's monster: Information literacy in the Black box society","volume":"75","author":"Lloyd","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Documentation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.22521\/edupij.2025.14.31","article-title":"Critical thinking in the age of AI: A systematic review of aI's effects on higher education","volume":"14","author":"Melisa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educational Process International Journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib47","series-title":"Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook","article-title":"Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook","author":"Miles","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib48","article-title":"The concept of hybrid human-AI regulation: Exemplifying how to support young learners' self-regulated learning","volume":"3","author":"Molenaar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers and Education: Artificial Intelligence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12527","article-title":"Towards hybrid human-AI learning technologies","volume":"57","author":"Molenaar","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1006\/ceps.1995.1001","article-title":"Information problem solving: A wider view of library skills","volume":"20","author":"Moore","year":"1995","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3102\/00028312035002269","article-title":"Defining prose task characteristics for use in computer-adaptive testing and instruction","volume":"35","author":"Mosenthal","year":"1998","journal-title":"American Educational Research Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13040-025-00429-w","article-title":"AI as an accelerator for defining new problems that transcends boundaries","volume":"18","author":"Obafemi-Ajayi","year":"2025","journal-title":"BioData Mining"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib54","series-title":"OECD digital education outlook 2026: Exploring effective uses of generative AI in education","year":"2026"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s10758-018-9384-x","article-title":"Digital agency: Empowering equity in and through education","volume":"23","author":"Passey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Technology, Knowledge and Learning"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su12197919","article-title":"Embedded information problem-solving instruction to foster learning from digital sources: Longitudinal effects on task performance","volume":"12","author":"Pifarr\u00e9","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5860\/crl.82.1.7","article-title":"The impact of library instruction on undergraduate student success: A four-year study","volume":"82","author":"Rowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"College & Research Libraries"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X020003002","article-title":"Partners in cognition: Extending human intelligence with intelligent technologies","volume":"20","author":"Salomon","year":"1991","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib60","author":"Shibani"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5721","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-12038-3","article-title":"New kid on the block? A conceptual systematic review of digital agency","volume":"29","author":"Siddiq","year":"2024","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-023-09818-1","article-title":"The cognitive architecture of digital externalization","volume":"35","author":"Skulmowski","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib63","series-title":"Libraries unlimited","article-title":"Brainstorms and blueprints: Teaching library research as a thinking process","author":"Stripling","year":"1988"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asw.2023.100752","article-title":"Collaborating with ChatGPT in argumentative writing classrooms","volume":"57","author":"Su","year":"2023","journal-title":"Assessing Writing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib65","series-title":"Modeling information-seeking expertise on the web","author":"Tabatabai","year":"2002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib66","first-page":"T16","article-title":"Exploring the potential and limitations of ChatGPT for academic peer-reviewed writing: Addressing linguistic injustice and ethical concerns","volume":"17","author":"Tai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Academic Language and Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib67","article-title":"The metacognitive demands and opportunities of generative AI","author":"Tankelevitch","year":"2024","journal-title":"Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib68","series-title":"Proceedings of the 21st koli calling international conference on computing education research","article-title":"CT 2.0","author":"Tedre","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105031","article-title":"ChatGPT improves creative problem-solving performance in university students: An experimental study","volume":"215","author":"Urban","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib71","series-title":"CHI conference on human factors in computing systems extended abstracts","first-page":"1","article-title":"Expectation vs. experience: Evaluating the usability of code generation tools powered by large language models","author":"Vaithilingam","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib72","series-title":"The think aloud method: A practical approach to modelling cognitive","author":"Van Someren","year":"1994"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15030343","article-title":"The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on students' academic development","volume":"15","author":"Vieriu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2007.01.030","article-title":"Information-problem solving: A review of problems students encounter and instructional solutions","volume":"24","author":"Walraven","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1080\/0144929X.2022.2072768","article-title":"Measuring user competence in using artificial intelligence: Validity and reliability of artificial intelligence literacy scale","volume":"42","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Behaviour & Information Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1007\/s10734-018-0296-4","article-title":"Information-seeking behaviour and academic success in higher education: Which search strategies matter for grade differences among university students and how does this relevance differ by field of study?","volume":"77","author":"Weber","year":"2019","journal-title":"Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib77","article-title":"Advancing the search frontier with AI agents","author":"White","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib78","series-title":"Contemporary technologies in education: Maximizing student engagement, motivation, and learning","first-page":"145","article-title":"Enhancing self-regulated learning for information problem solving with ambient big data gathered by nStudy","author":"Winne","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib79","first-page":"1","article-title":"To search or to gen? Exploring the synergy between generative AI and web search in programming","author":"Yen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-019-09646-7","article-title":"Metacognitive scaffolding for online information search in K-12 and higher education settings: A systematic review","volume":"67","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1207\/s15430421tip4102_2","article-title":"Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview","volume":"41","author":"Zimmerman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Theory Into Practice"}],"container-title":["Computers &amp; Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131526001168?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131526001168?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:10:31Z","timestamp":1783919431000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360131526001168"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0360131526001168"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The DIPS model: GenAI integration in digital information problem solving by experts and novices","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Education","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105677","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105677"}}