{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T23:36:32Z","timestamp":1786059392906,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers & Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T06:57:42Z","timestamp":1782975462000},"page":"105699","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Mapping teacher education strategies to develop digital competence targets: A cross-framework analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"254","author":[{"given":"Els","family":"Tanghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Goeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9237-9385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"Raes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7946-2096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tijs","family":"Rotsaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tammy","family":"Schellens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6562-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katrien","family":"Struyven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Tondeur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adriaan","family":"Herremans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.14257\/ijdta.2017.10.2.02","article-title":"Comparative analysis of various similarity measures for finding similarity of two documents","volume":"10","author":"Afzali","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Database Theory and Application"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1080\/21532974.2019.1646169","article-title":"Teacher educators' use of digital tools and needs for digital competence in higher education","volume":"35","author":"Amhag","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib3","first-page":"9","article-title":"Digital competence in education: A comparative analysis of frameworks and conceptual foundations","volume":"2","author":"Asagar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Synergy: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/1744987117741667","article-title":"Directed qualitative content analysis: The description and elaboration of its underpinning methods and data analysis process","volume":"23","author":"Assarroudi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Nursing"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib5","article-title":"Teachers' digital competencies in higher education: A systematic literature review","volume":"19","author":"Basilotta-G\u00f3mez-Pablos","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib6","first-page":"1","article-title":"Jouw digitale vaardigheden als leerkracht. DigCompEdu helpt","author":"Bernaerts","year":"2022","journal-title":"Departement Onderwijs en Vorming, Kenniscentrum Digisprong"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-023-11801-w","article-title":"The digital silver lining of the pandemic: The impact on preservice teachers\u2019 technological knowledge and beliefs","volume":"29","author":"Brianza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ. Inform. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s41239-022-00329-7","article-title":"The more the better? Comparing two SQD-based learning designs in a teacher training on augmented and virtual reality","volume":"19","author":"Buchner","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci15101331","article-title":"Collaborative design through authentic design challenges: Preservice teachers\u2019 perceptions of digital competence development and SQD-aligned supports","volume":"15","author":"Cabbeke","year":"2025","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.7821\/naer.2020.7.578","article-title":"Evaluation of teacher digital competence frameworks through expert judgement: The use of the expert competence coefficient","volume":"9","author":"Cabero-Almenara","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. New Approaches Educ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/ejed.12345","article-title":"Aligning teacher competence frameworks to 21st century challenges: The case for the European digital competence framework for educators (Digcompedu)","volume":"54","author":"Caena","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107468","article-title":"Towards Intelligent-TPACK: An empirical study on teachers' professional knowledge to ethically integrate artificial intelligence (AI)-based tools into education","volume":"138","author":"Celik","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105017","article-title":"A self-determination theory approach to teacher digital competence development","volume":"214","author":"Chiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib14","series-title":"Research methods in education","author":"Cohen","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib15","series-title":"DigComp 3.0: European digital competence framework - Fifth edition","author":"Cosgrove","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2449","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-020-09767-4","article-title":"From digital literacy to digital competence: The teacher digital competency (TDC) framework","volume":"68","author":"Falloon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2025.100285","article-title":"A review of reviews on TPACK research: Is there any focus?","volume":"9","author":"Fontyn","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Educ. Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-021-09966-7","article-title":"Reconsidering teachers' pedagogical reasoning and decision making for technology integration as an agenda for policy, practice and research","volume":"69","author":"Forkosh-Baruch","year":"2021","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/1475939X.2020.1819397","article-title":"Teacher educator experiences of iPad integration in pre-service teacher education: Successes and challenges","volume":"29","author":"Galway","year":"2020","journal-title":"Technology, Pedagogy and Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib20","first-page":"2061","article-title":"Using framework analysis in applied qualitative research","volume":"26","author":"Goldsmith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Qualitative Report"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib21","article-title":"Using the framework approach to analyse qualitative data: A worked example","author":"Hackett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurse Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104149","article-title":"What to teach? Strategies for developing digital competency in preservice teacher training","volume":"165","author":"Howard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2021.104149","article-title":"What to teach? Strategies for developing digital competency in preservice teacher training","volume":"165","author":"Howard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.14419\/jacst.v4i1.4398","article-title":"Using the interestingness measure lift to generate association rules","volume":"4","author":"Hussein","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Computer Science & Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2025.102189","article-title":"Lightening the load: Unveiling the factors influencing teacher orchestration load in synchronous hybrid education","volume":"99","author":"Keulemans","year":"2025","journal-title":"Learn. Instr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1080\/00313831.2012.726273","article-title":"Teacher educators' digital competence","volume":"58","author":"Krumsvik","year":"2014","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.caeo.2025.100325","article-title":"Pre-service teachers\u2019 agency during their interactions with generative AI while designing for learning \u2013 a process view on Intelligent-TPACK","volume":"10","author":"Krushinskaia","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comput. Educ. Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1080\/20004508.2021.1890936","article-title":"Conditions for professional digital competence: The teacher educators' view","volume":"12","author":"Lindfors","year":"2021","journal-title":"Education Inquiry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3390\/educsci12120932","article-title":"Analysis and comparison of international digital competence frameworks for education","volume":"12","author":"Mattar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Education Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib30","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis: Demarcation, varieties, developments [30 paragraphs]. Forum qualitative Sozialforschung","volume":"20","author":"Mayring","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forum for Qualitative Social Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.7577\/njcie.4226","article-title":"Introducing the PEAT model to frame professional digital competence in teacher education","volume":"5","author":"McDonagh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1080\/13540602.2024.2313641","article-title":"Exploring and reflecting on the influences that shape teacher professional digital competence frameworks","volume":"30","author":"McGarr","year":"2024","journal-title":"Teachers and Teaching"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4712","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csda.2008.03.013","article-title":"Standardising the lift of an association rule","volume":"52","author":"McNicholas","year":"2008","journal-title":"Computational Statistics & Data Analysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x","article-title":"Technological pedagogical content knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge","volume":"108","author":"Mishra","year":"2006","journal-title":"Teachers College Record"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.7577\/njcie.4228","article-title":"Digital competence in teacher education Curricula: What should teacher educators know, be aware of and prepare students for?","volume":"5","author":"Nagel","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Comparative and International Education (NJCIE)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/02635143.2022.2131759","article-title":"From PCK to TPACK \u2013 Supporting student teachers' reflections and use of digital technologies in science teaching","volume":"42","author":"Nilsson","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research in Science & Technological Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1363529","article-title":"Developing professional digital competence in Norwegian teacher education: A scoping review","volume":"9","author":"Norhagen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1037\/met0000129","article-title":"Network analysis for the visualization and analysis of qualitative data","volume":"23","author":"Pokorny","year":"2018","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib39","series-title":"European framework for the digital competence of educators: DigCompEdu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103940","article-title":"How can the digital competences of pre-service teachers be developed? Examining a case study through the lens of DigComp and DigCompEdu","volume":"156","author":"Reiso\u011flu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.18261\/ISSN1891-943X-2014-04-03","article-title":"Development of student teachers' digital competence in teacher education - A literature review","volume":"9","author":"R\u00f8kenes","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nordic Journal of Digital Literacy"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7798","DOI":"10.3390\/su12187798","article-title":"Improving future teachers' digital competence using active methodologies","volume":"12","author":"Romero-Garc\u00eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib43","series-title":"Coding techniques for quantitative and mixed data","first-page":"151","author":"Salda\u00f1a","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X015002004","article-title":"Those who understand: Knowledge growth in teaching","volume":"15","author":"Shulman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib45","article-title":"Special issue: What will be the new normal? Digital competence and 21st-century skills: Critical and emergent issues in education","author":"Siddiq","year":"2023","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/2331186X.2022.2063224","article-title":"Teachers' professional digital competence: An overview of conceptualisations in the literature","volume":"9","author":"Skantz-\u00c5berg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cogent Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2023.e16677","article-title":"Examining dimensions of teachers' digital competence: A systematic review pre- and during COVID-19","volume":"9","author":"Smestad","year":"2023","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/0305764X.2019.1625867","article-title":"A review of research exploring teacher preparation for the digital age","volume":"50","author":"Starkey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cambridge Journal of Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1080\/02619768.2021.1975109","article-title":"Do digital competence frameworks align with preparing beginning teachers for digitally infused contexts? An evaluation from a New Zealand perspective","volume":"45","author":"Starkey","year":"2022","journal-title":"European Journal of Teacher Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.34142\/2709-7986.2023.28.1.12","article-title":"Developing digital competence of future teachers in the modern digital learning space","volume":"28","author":"Tkachov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educational Challenges"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2018.03.002","article-title":"A multilevel analysis of what matters in the training of pre-service teacher's ICT competencies","volume":"122","author":"Tondeur","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers & & education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-023-10193-5","article-title":"The HeDiCom framework: Higher Education teachers\u2019 digital competencies for the future","volume":"71","author":"Tondeur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ. Technol. Res. Dev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2023.104866","article-title":"Untangling the Great Online Transition: A network model of teachers\u2019 experiences with online practices","volume":"203","author":"Tondeur","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2020.106659","article-title":"One-size does not fit all: Towards an adaptive model to develop preservice teachers\u2019 digital competencies","volume":"116","author":"Tondeur","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105262","article-title":"Preparing preservice teachers to teach with digital technologies: An update of effective SQD-strategies","volume":"232","author":"Tondeur","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.10.009","article-title":"Preparing pre-service teachers to integrate technology in education: A synthesis of qualitative evidence","volume":"59","author":"Tondeur","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib57","series-title":"International conference on information retrieval & Knowledge Management (CAMP), Shah Alam, Malaysia","first-page":"11","article-title":"Making the invisible visible through social network analysis","author":"Urs","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5363","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11426-5","article-title":"Emerging imbalance in the development of TPACK \u2013 A challenge for teacher training","volume":"28","author":"Valtonen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Education and Information Technologies"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib59","article-title":"A comparative analysis of similarity measures akin to the jaccard index in collaborative recommendations: Empirical and theoretical perspective","volume":"10","author":"Verma","year":"2020","journal-title":"Social Network Analysis and Mining"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1177\/0022487120949842","article-title":"Teacher educator technology integration preparation practices around TPACK in the United States","volume":"72","author":"Voithofer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Teacher Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103941","article-title":"The impact of teacher education courses for technology integration on pre-service teacher knowledge: A meta-analysis study","volume":"156","author":"Wilson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers & Education"}],"container-title":["Computers & Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131526001387?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131526001387?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T21:58:30Z","timestamp":1786053510000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360131526001387"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0360131526001387"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Mapping teacher education strategies to develop digital competence targets: A cross-framework analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Education","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105699","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105699"}}