{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T06:05:10Z","timestamp":1783922710940,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100020595","name":"National Science and Technology Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100020595","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers & Education"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T23:01:32Z","timestamp":1782601292000},"page":"105706","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Operationalizing cognitive apprenticeship through generative AI pedagogical agents: Proactive and contextualized guidance in simulation-based learning"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"253","author":[{"given":"Po-Yao","family":"Chao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9029-1053","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu-Chen","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kuan-Chieh","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Siou","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2586-5479","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shu-Hao","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0161-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cai-Ting","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chin-Ling","family":"Weng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pei-Jung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1101-6337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chia-Hui","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui-Chun","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6128-0227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen-Chung","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.learninstruc.2006.03.001","article-title":"DeFT: A conceptual framework for considering learning with multiple representations","volume":"16","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2006","journal-title":"Learning and Instruction"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib2","series-title":"In proceedings of the 17th international conference of the learning Sciences-ICLS 2023","first-page":"990","article-title":"Tortuga: Building interactive scaffolds for agent-based modeling and programming in NetLogo","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib3","article-title":"Do generative AI-powered pedagogical agents improve learners' academic performance effectively? Evidence from meta-analysis","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Educational Computing Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2024.100662","article-title":"Personalization through adaptivity or adaptability? A meta-analysis on simulation-based learning in higher education","volume":"46","author":"Chernikova","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib5","series-title":"International handbook of research on conceptual change","first-page":"49","article-title":"Two kinds and four sub-types of misconceived knowledge, ways to change it, and the learning outcomes","author":"Chi","year":"2013"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.4c00967","article-title":"Exploring the AI\u2013human interface for personalized learning in a chemical context","volume":"101","author":"Clark","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib7","series-title":"Knowing, learning, and instruction","first-page":"453","article-title":"Cognitive apprenticeship: Teaching the crafts of reading, writing, and mathematics","author":"Collins","year":"2018"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s10956-023-10039-y","article-title":"Examining science education in ChatGPT: An exploratory study of generative artificial intelligence","volume":"32","author":"Cooper","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3102\/00346543068002179","article-title":"Scientific discovery learning with computer simulations of conceptual domains","volume":"68","author":"De Jong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Review of Educational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1007\/s11191-017-9944-9","article-title":"Using computer simulations for promoting model-based reasoning","volume":"26","author":"Develaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Science & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1007\/s11165-025-10271-z","article-title":"ChatGPT as a virtual laboratory teaching assistant in undergraduate biology","volume":"56","author":"Do\u011fru","year":"2026","journal-title":"Research in Science Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2019.103644","article-title":"Instructional support for learning with agent-based simulations: A tale of vicarious and guided exploration learning approaches","volume":"142","author":"Dubovi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1109\/TLT.2013.25","article-title":"Enhancing scientific reasoning and discussion with conversational agents","volume":"6","author":"Dyke","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib14","first-page":"31","article-title":"Ascending from the abstract to the concrete as a principle of expansive learning","volume":"25","author":"Engestr\u00f6m","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psihologi\u010deska\u00e2 nauka i obrazovanie= \u041f\u0441\u0438\u0445\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.edurev.2009.12.002","article-title":"Studies of expansive learning: Foundations, findings and future challenges","volume":"5","author":"Engestr\u00f6m","year":"2010","journal-title":"Educational Research Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ep613","DOI":"10.30935\/cedtech\/17519","article-title":"Artificial intelligence in science education: A systematic review of applications, impacts, and challenges","volume":"17","author":"Fayzullina","year":"2025","journal-title":"Contemporary Educational Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022400817926","article-title":"An investigation of software scaffolds supporting modeling practices","volume":"32","author":"Fretz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Research in Science Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/feduc.2024.1446941","article-title":"Effects of just-in-time inquiry prompts and principle-based self-explanation guidance on learning and use of domain texts in simulation-based inquiry learning","volume":"9","author":"Fukuda","year":"2024","journal-title":"Frontiers in Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/3589647","article-title":"Inq-ITS: Creating rigorous assessment and real-time support of science learning","volume":"29","author":"Gobert","year":"2023","journal-title":"XRDS: Crossroads, The ACM Magazine for Students"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105241","article-title":"AI-supported idea-developing discourse to foster professional agency within teacher communities for STEAM lesson design in knowledge building environment","volume":"229","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"The impact of computer simulation on students' conceptual understanding in K-12 science education: A meta-analysis","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Science Education and Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jchemed.3c00006","article-title":"Potential ChatGPT use in undergraduate chemistry laboratories","volume":"100","author":"Humphry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Chemical Education"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib23","series-title":"In adjunct proceedings of the 27th international conference on Mobile human-computer interaction","first-page":"1","article-title":"ChemVR-AI: An immersive virtual reality laboratory with pedagogical agents","author":"Jain","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib24","article-title":"Beyond answers: Large language model-powered tutoring system in physics education for deep learning and precise understanding","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"arXiv preprint arXiv:2406.10934"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105639","article-title":"Simulation supported directed self-guided learning of blended math-science sensemaking for historically marginalized STEM learners","author":"Kaldaras","year":"2026","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/ggy1-3kjk","article-title":"Generative AI as a lab partner: A case study","volume":"21","author":"Kilde-Westberg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Physical Review Physics Education Research"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.24018\/ejedu.2024.5.6.891","article-title":"Integrating ChatGPT into the inquiry-based science curriculum for primary education","volume":"5","author":"Kotsis","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Education and Pedagogy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12625","article-title":"The impact of functional interdependencies of computer simulations on collaborative learning: Evidence from multiple sources","volume":"38","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2024.105149","article-title":"Using multiple, dynamically linked representations to develop representational competency and conceptual understanding of the earthquake cycle","volume":"222","author":"Lore","year":"2024","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2389","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemmater.5c00111","article-title":"Integrating large language models into the chemistry and materials science laboratory curricula","volume":"37","author":"Maughan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chemistry of Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib31","series-title":"The Cambridge handbook of multimedia learning","author":"Mayer","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.21260","article-title":"Scaffolding learning by modelling: The effects of partially worked-out models","volume":"53","author":"Mulder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105444","article-title":"Human-GenAI interaction for active learning in STEM education: State-of-the-art and future directions","author":"Otto","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevPhysEducRes.19.010121","article-title":"Physicality, modeling, and agency in a computational physics class","volume":"19","author":"Phillips","year":"2023","journal-title":"Physical Review Physics Education Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1152\/advan.00074.2022","article-title":"Student performance and perceptions of anatomy and physiology across face-to-face, hybrid, and online teaching lab styles","volume":"46","author":"Pollock","year":"2022","journal-title":"Advances in Physiology Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327809jls1303_2","article-title":"Scaffolding complex learning: The mechanisms of structuring and problematizing student work","volume":"13","author":"Reiser","year":"2004","journal-title":"The Journal of the Learning Sciences"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.20264","article-title":"Recognizing mechanistic reasoning in student scientific inquiry: A framework for discourse analysis developed from philosophy of science","volume":"92","author":"Russ","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2011.07.017","article-title":"The learning effects of computer simulations in science education","volume":"58","author":"Rutten","year":"2012","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1002\/tea.20311","article-title":"Developing a learning progression for scientific modeling: Making scientific modeling accessible and meaningful for learners","volume":"46","author":"Schwarz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Research in Science Teaching"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2013.09.017","article-title":"The cognitive impact of interactive design features for learning complex materials in medical education","volume":"71","author":"Song","year":"2014","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1119\/5.0235700","article-title":"Using GPT-4 as a guide during inquiry-based learning","volume":"62","author":"Steinert","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Physics Teacher"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1002\/sce.21112","article-title":"Examining classroom science practice communities: How teachers and students negotiate epistemic agency and learn science\u2010as\u2010practice","volume":"98","author":"Stroupe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Science Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1111\/jcal.12667","article-title":"How differently designed guidance influences simulation\u2010based inquiry learning in science education: A systematic review","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Computer Assisted Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105305","article-title":"Effects of integrating self-regulation scaffolding supported by chatbot and online collaborative reflection on students' learning in an artificial intelligence course","volume":"232","author":"Tsai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-010-9127-6","article-title":"Scaffolding in teacher\u2013student interaction: A decade of research","volume":"22","author":"Van de Pol","year":"2010","journal-title":"Educational Psychology Review"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.24141\/1\/10\/2\/7","article-title":"Utilizing the GPT model to teach physics for better learning and understanding of scientific concepts","volume":"10","author":"Vrdoljak","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Health Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevPhysEducRes.17.020108","article-title":"Effects of metacognitive scaffolding on students' performance and confidence judgments in simulation-based inquiry","volume":"17","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physical Review Physics Education Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1007\/s11423-025-10519-5","article-title":"Understanding and managing the complexities in situated learning in immersive virtual environments","volume":"73","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educational Technology Research and Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1007\/s11251-018-9461-5","article-title":"The learning analytics of model-based learning facilitated by a problem-solving simulation game","volume":"46","author":"Wen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Instructional Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2020.103830","article-title":"Students' guided inquiry with simulation and its relation to school science achievement and scientific literacy","volume":"149","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"5902","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1161948","article-title":"PhET: Simulations that enhance learning","volume":"322","author":"Wieman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.3102\/0013189X251333628","article-title":"Strengthening human epistemic agency in the symbiotic learning partnership with generative artificial intelligence","volume":"54","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Educational Researcher"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2025.105322","article-title":"The effects of generative AI agents and scaffolding on enhancing students' comprehension of visual learning analytics","volume":"234","author":"Yan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers & Education"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6526","DOI":"10.1080\/10494820.2022.2041673","article-title":"Effects of developing prompt scaffolding to support collaborative scientific argumentation in simulation-based physics learning","volume":"31","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Interactive Learning Environments"}],"container-title":["Computers & Education"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131526001454?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0360131526001454?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T05:10:39Z","timestamp":1783919439000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0360131526001454"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":54,"alternative-id":["S0360131526001454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706","relation":{},"ISSN":["0360-1315"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0360-1315","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Operationalizing cognitive apprenticeship through generative AI pedagogical agents: Proactive and contextualized guidance in simulation-based learning","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Education","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compedu.2026.105706","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105706"}}