{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T12:59:40Z","timestamp":1780837180016,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers and Electrical Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T15:56:56Z","timestamp":1780329416000},"page":"111271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Pedal mark search optimization based optimal scheduling of battery swapping stations for electric vehicles"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"137","author":[{"given":"Khan","family":"Farina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1007\/s00202-017-0644-x","article-title":"Optimal scheduling of electric vehicles considering uncertain RES generation using interval optimization","volume":"100","author":"Ali","year":"2018","journal-title":"Electr Eng"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Minal Vilas Gade, B J Dange, Munmun Kakkar, Prashant U. Jain, Kavita Joshi, Khan Farina \u201cSmart charging solutions for electric vehicles: an AI-driven approach to load balancing and grid integration\u201d. DOI: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.52783\/jisem.v10i29s.4543.","DOI":"10.52783\/jisem.v10i29s.4543"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41084","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3267801","article-title":"Optimal location and sizing of electric bus battery swapping station in microgrid systems by considering revenue maximization","volume":"11","author":"Kocer","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3374224","article-title":"Optimal battery charging schedule for a battery swapping station of an electric bus with a PV integration considering energy costs and peak-to-average ratio","author":"Boonraksa","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.4995","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13244995","article-title":"Joint optimization of renewable energy utilization and multi-energy sharing for interconnected microgrids with carbon trading","volume":"13","author":"Rong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.3480","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics13173480","article-title":"The robust optimization of low-carbon economic dispatching for regional integrated energy systems considering wind and solar uncertainty","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.3407","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics11203407","article-title":"Research on a charging mechanism of electric vehicles for photovoltaic nearby consumption strategy","volume":"11","author":"He","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2021.106967","article-title":"Optimal scheduling for electric vehicle battery swapping-charging system based on nanogrids","volume":"130","author":"Ban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Electr Power Energy Syst"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-stg.2019.0059","article-title":"Battery swapping station for electric vehicles: opportunities and challenges","volume":"3","author":"Ahmad","year":"2020","journal-title":"IET Smart Grid"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.952","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14050952","article-title":"Optimizing highway electric vehicle scheduling and battery swapping station management for enhanced renewable energy utilization","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.2727","DOI":"10.3390\/en12142727","article-title":"Optimal scheduling to manage an electric bus fleet overnight charging","volume":"12","author":"Houbbadi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tre.2021.102445","article-title":"Optimal electric bus fleet scheduling considering battery degradation and non-linear charging profile","volume":"154","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transp Res E: Logist Transp Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s43762-025-00166-0","article-title":"Hybrid intelligent optimization strategy of battery swapping station for electric vehicles based on reinforcement learning","volume":"5","author":"Yi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput Urban Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4113","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2021.3069414","article-title":"Real-time predictive energy management of hybrid electric heavy vehicles by sequential programming","volume":"70","author":"Ghandriz","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38224","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2906488","article-title":"Optimal dispatching strategy for shared battery station of electric vehicle by divisional battery control","volume":"7","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ieee Access"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.241","DOI":"10.3390\/en18020241","article-title":"Multi-timescale battery-charging optimization for electric heavy-duty truck battery-swapping stations, considering source\u2013Load\u2013Storage uncertainty","volume":"18","author":"Shi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.170","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj15040170","article-title":"Optimal scheduling of integrated energy system considering electric vehicle battery swapping station and multiple uncertainties","volume":"15","author":"Bian","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Electr Veh J"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2020.3003690","article-title":"Distributed finite-time secondary frequency and voltage control for islanded microgrids with communication delays and switching topologies","volume":"51","author":"Ning","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Cybern"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1109\/TSTE.2020.3033320","article-title":"Distributed model predictive control based secondary frequency regulation for a microgrid with massive distributed resources","volume":"12","author":"Yi","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Sustain Energy"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.1598","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics14081598","article-title":"Secondary frequency regulation strategy for battery swapping stations considering the behavioral model of electric vehicles","volume":"14","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4781","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2020.2997950","article-title":"Robust control scheme for distributed battery energy storage systems in load frequency control","volume":"35","author":"Oshnoei","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Power Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129043","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3332904","article-title":"Optimal scheduling of electric vehicle integrated energy station using a novel many-objective stochastic competitive optimization algorithm","volume":"11","author":"Yin","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.11","DOI":"10.3390\/wevj15010011","article-title":"Electric vehicle and photovoltaic power scenario generation under extreme high-temperature weather","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"World Electr Veh J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.est.2021.102937","article-title":"Grid integration of battery swapping station: A review","volume":"41","author":"Revankar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Energy Storage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2015.07.010","article-title":"Electric vehicle battery technologies: from present state to future systems","volume":"51","author":"Manzetti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew Sustain Energy Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3554682","article-title":"A machine learning-based real-time remaining useful life estimation and fair pricing strategy for electric vehicle battery swapping stations","author":"Celtek","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2023.04.193","article-title":"Urban integrated energy system stochastic robust optimization scheduling under multiple uncertainties","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Rep"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.7302","DOI":"10.3390\/en16217302","article-title":"Robust bilevel optimal dispatch of park integrated energy system considering renewable energy uncertainty","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2023.09.120","article-title":"Optimal planning of integrated energy system considering swapping station and carbon capture power system","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energy Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0030","article-title":"Modeling battery swapping stations for sustainable urban mobility","volume":"41","author":"Renga","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustain Energy Grids Netw"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0031","series-title":"Advanced control & optimization paradigms for energy system operation and management","first-page":"137","article-title":"A novel brown-bear optimization algorithm for solving economic dispatch problem","author":"Prakash","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-022-03533-0","article-title":"FOX: a FOX-inspired optimization algorithm","volume":"53","author":"Mohammed","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl Intell"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2017.2758404","article-title":"An optimization model for electric vehicle battery charging at a battery swapping station","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Veh Technol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"p.101","DOI":"10.3390\/pr13010101","article-title":"Optimal scheduling method of combined wind\u2013Photovoltaic\u2013Pumped storage system based on improved bat algorithm","volume":"13","author":"Fan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Processes"}],"container-title":["Computers and Electrical Engineering"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045790626003435?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0045790626003435?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T12:24:23Z","timestamp":1780835063000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0045790626003435"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0045790626003435"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271","relation":{},"ISSN":["0045-7906"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0045-7906","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pedal mark search optimization based optimal scheduling of battery swapping stations for electric vehicles","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers and Electrical Engineering","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compeleceng.2026.111271","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"111271"}}