{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T08:41:23Z","timestamp":1776156083872,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,1]],"date-time":"2023-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696118400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,2]],"date-time":"2023-08-02T13:29:54Z","timestamp":1690982994000},"page":"102010","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Predicting building age from urban form at large scale"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"Florian","family":"Nachtigall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nikola","family":"Milojevic-Dupont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Wagner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Creutzig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893-017-0013-9","article-title":"Building a global urban science","volume":"1","author":"Acuto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2014.10.074","article-title":"Building age as an indicator for energy consumption","volume":"87","author":"Aksoezen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Biljecki, F., & Sindram, M. (2017). Estimating building age with 3d gis. In Proceedings of the 12th International 3D GeoInfo Conference 2017 (pp. 17\u201324).","DOI":"10.5194\/isprs-annals-IV-4-W5-17-2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2017.01.001","article-title":"Generating 3d city models without elevation data","volume":"64","author":"Biljecki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0025","unstructured":"Borisov, V., Leemann, T., Se\u00dfler, K., Haug, J., Pawelczyk, M., & Kasneci, G. (2021). Deep neural networks and tabular data: A survey. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2110.01889."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","article-title":"Random forests","volume":"45","author":"Breiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Machine Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0035","unstructured":"Cabeza, L. et al. (2022). Buildings. ipcc, 2022: Climate change 2022: Mitigation of climate change. contribution of working group iii to the sixth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1613\/jair.953","article-title":"Smote: Synthetic minority over-sampling technique","volume":"16","author":"Chawla","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, T., & Guestrin, C. (2016). Xgboost: A scalable tree boosting system. In Proceedings of the 22nd acm sigkdd international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining (pp. 785\u2013794).","DOI":"10.1145\/2939672.2939785"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0050","series-title":"Spatial processes: models & applications","author":"Cliff","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0055","unstructured":"Commission, E. (2020). A renovation wave for europe\u2014greening our buildings, creating jobs, improving lives."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/sus.2018.16","article-title":"Upscaling urban data science for global climate solutions","volume":"2","author":"Creutzig","year":"2019","journal-title":"Global Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0065","series-title":"IPCC, 2022: Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","first-page":"752","article-title":"services and social aspects of mitigation","author":"Creutzig","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0070","series-title":"Global warming of 1.5 C: Summary for policy makers","first-page":"313","article-title":"Strengthening and implementing the global response","author":"de Coninck","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0075","first-page":"2014","article-title":"A harmonised definition of cities and rural areas: The new degree of urbanisation","volume":"1","author":"Dijkstra","year":"2014","journal-title":"WP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0080","author":"Droin","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0085","series-title":"The urban planet: knowledge towards sustainable cities","author":"Elmqvist","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0090","unstructured":"Eurostat (2007). Regions in the european union. nomenclature of territorial units for statistics."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0095","unstructured":"Eurostat (2019). Local Administrative Units (LAU) - NUTS - Nomenclature of territorial units for statistics - Eurostat. [Online]. Available:https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/web\/nuts\/local-administrative-units (visited on 05\/11\/2022)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2007.05.012","article-title":"Urban sustainability in the presence of flood and geological hazards: The development of a gis-based vulnerability and risk assessment methodology","volume":"83","author":"Fedeski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0105","series-title":"Achieving the cost-effective energy transformation of europe\u2019s buildings","author":"Filippidou","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/09613210903236706","article-title":"Targeting household energy-efficiency measures using sensitivity analysis","volume":"38","author":"Firth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Building Research & Information"},{"issue":"43","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01807","article-title":"Momepy: Urban morphology measuring toolkit","volume":"4","author":"Fleischmann","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Open Source Software"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/jcss.1997.1504","article-title":"A decision-theoretic generalization of on-line learning and an application to boosting","volume":"55","author":"Freund","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101 637","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2021.101637","article-title":"Spatial factors influencing building age prediction and implications for urban residential energy modelling","volume":"88","author":"Garbasevschi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41560-018-0172-6","article-title":"A low energy demand scenario for meeting the 1.5 c target and sustainable development goals without negative emission technologies","volume":"3","author":"Grubler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nature Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0135","series-title":"2008 IEEE international joint conference on neural networks (IEEE world congress on computational intelligence)","first-page":"1322","article-title":"Adasyn: Adaptive synthetic sampling approach for imbalanced learning","author":"He","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0140","unstructured":"Hijmans, R., Garcia, N., & Wieczorek, J. (2018). Gadm: Database of global administrative areas, version 3.6. GADM Maps and Data."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12894","article-title":"Incorporating spatial information in machine learning: The moran eigenvector spatial filter approach","author":"Islam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transactions in GIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jurman, G., Riccadonna, S., & Furlanello, C. (2012). A comparison of mcc and cen error measures in multi-class prediction.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041882"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1080\/14693062.2017.1397495","article-title":"Ten key short-term sectoral benchmarks to limit warming to 1.5 c","volume":"18","author":"Kuramochi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Climate Policy"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1111\/geb.12161","article-title":"Spatial leave-one-out cross-validation for variable selection in the presence of spatial autocorrelation","volume":"23","author":"Le Rest","year":"2014","journal-title":"Global Ecology and Biogeography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0165","series-title":"10th international conference on geographic information science (GIScience 2018)","article-title":"Estimating building age from google street view images using deep learning (short paper)","author":"Li","year":"2018"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4825","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-019-00648-7","article-title":"A transferable remote sensing approach to classify building structural types for seismic risk analyses: The case of val d\u2019agri area (italy)","volume":"17","author":"Liuzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0175","series-title":"Evaluation of the tabula database\u2013comparison of typical buildings and heat supply systems from 20 european countries","author":"Loga","year":"2015"},{"issue":"101","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20 140 924","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2014.0924","article-title":"A typology of street patterns","volume":"11","author":"Louf","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2014.07.005","article-title":"Building type classification using spatial and landscape attributes derived from lidar remote sensing data","volume":"130","author":"Lu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0190","unstructured":"Lundberg, S. M., Erion, G. G., & Lee, S.-I. (2018). Consistent individualized feature attribution for tree ensembles. arXiv preprint arXiv: 1802.03888, 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0195","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"30","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0200","unstructured":"Mai, G., Janowicz, K., Yan, B., Zhu, R., Cai, L., & Lao, N. (2020). Multi-scale representation learning for spatial feature distributions using grid cells. arXiv preprint arXiv: 2003.00824."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2014.06.013","article-title":"Building-stock aggregation through archetype buildings: France, germany, spain and the uk","volume":"81","author":"Mata","year":"2014","journal-title":"Building and Environment"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0242010","article-title":"Learning from urban form to predict building heights","volume":"15","author":"Milojevic-Dupont","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102 526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2020.102526","article-title":"Machine learning for geographically differentiated climate change mitigation in urban areas","volume":"64","author":"Milojevic-Dupont","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0220","unstructured":"Milojevic-Dupont, Nikola, Wagner, Felix, et al. (2022). EUBUCCO v0.1, version v0.1, Zenodo, May 2022. doi:10.5281\/zenodo.6524781. [Online]. Available: doi:10.5281\/zenodo.6524781."},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2307\/2332142","article-title":"Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena","volume":"37","author":"Moran","year":"1950","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"04 016 043","DOI":"10.1061\/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000349","article-title":"Building thermal performance, extreme heat, and climate change","volume":"23","author":"Nahlik","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Infrastructure Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2016.12.005","article-title":"The influence of data quality on urban heating demand modeling using 3d city models","volume":"64","author":"Nouvel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0240","unstructured":"OpenStreetMap contributors (2017). Planet dump retrieved fromhttps:\/\/planet.osm.org,https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1080\/09613218.2016.1264121","article-title":"Materials in germany\u2019s domestic building stock: Calculation model and uncertainties","volume":"46","author":"Ortlepp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Building Research & Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0250","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: Machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Machine Learning Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2017.1346255","article-title":"Estimating the prediction performance of spatial models via spatial k-fold cross validation","volume":"31","author":"Pohjankukka","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2018.03.220","article-title":"How are cities planning to respond to climate change? assessment of local climate plans from 885 cities in the eu-28","volume":"191","author":"Reckien","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1111\/ecog.02881","article-title":"Cross-validation strategies for data with temporal, spatial, hierarchical, or phylogenetic structure","volume":"40","author":"Roberts","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ecography"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2018.08.004","article-title":"Predicting residential building age from map data","volume":"73","author":"Rosser","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi8040163","article-title":"Modelling urban housing stocks for building energy simulation using citygml energyade","volume":"8","author":"Rosser","year":"2019","journal-title":"ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aaq0390","article-title":"City-level climate change mitigation in china","volume":"4","author":"Shan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science Advances"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1080\/00139157.2013.748387","article-title":"It\u2019s time for an urbanization science","volume":"55","author":"Solecki","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-004-3806-y","article-title":"Reliability of building inventories in seismic prone regions","volume":"2","author":"Steimen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0295","unstructured":"Tabula webtool. [Online]. Available:https:\/\/webtool.building-typology.eu\/#bm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enbuild.2013.10.004","article-title":"Predicting building ages from lidar data with random forests for building energy modeling","volume":"68","author":"Tooke","year":"2014","journal-title":"Energy and Buildings"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s10346-014-0477-x","article-title":"Risk analysis for the ancona landslide\u2014ii: Estimation of risk to buildings","volume":"12","author":"Uzielli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Landslides"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109 692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolmodel.2021.109692","article-title":"Spatial cross validation is not the right way to evaluate map accuracy","volume":"457","author":"Wadoux","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecological Modelling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soildyn.2012.01.003","article-title":"Estimating building inventory for rapid seismic vulnerability assessment: Towards an integrated approach based on multi-source imaging","volume":"36","author":"Wieland","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2015.2465131","article-title":"Building types\u2019 classification using shape-based features and linear discriminant functions","volume":"9","author":"Wurm","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeppelzauer, M., Despotovic, M., Sakeena, M., Koch, D., & D\u00f6ller, M. (2018). Automatic prediction of building age from photographs. In Proceedings of the 2018 ACM on International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval (pp. 126\u2013134).","DOI":"10.1145\/3206025.3206060"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010_b0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116 292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2019.116292","article-title":"Urban models enrichment for energy applications: Challenges in energy simulation using different data sources for building age information","volume":"190","author":"Zirak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"}],"container-title":["Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019897152300073X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S019897152300073X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T12:24:41Z","timestamp":1759321481000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S019897152300073X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"references-count":66,"alternative-id":["S019897152300073X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010","relation":{},"ISSN":["0198-9715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0198-9715","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Predicting building age from urban form at large scale","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2023.102010","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102010"}}