{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T04:19:20Z","timestamp":1783138760440,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012269","name":"Science and Technology Innovative Research Team in Higher Educational Institutions of Hunan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["05311204944"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["05311204944"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["42271486"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["42271486"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21YJCZH151"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21YJCZH151"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021171","name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2026A1515012474"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2026A1515012474"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021171","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002402","name":"Sun Yat-sen University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002402","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T16:28:31Z","timestamp":1779899311000},"page":"102460","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Sensitivity-driven parameter optimization for the G2SFCA using response surface methodology"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Yiliang","family":"Wan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9915-9794","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenzhong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0856-7234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pengfei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1007\/s10957-024-02538-8","article-title":"Geodesic convexity of the symmetric eigenvalue problem and convergence of steepest descent","volume":"203","author":"Alimisis","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmst.2018.04.014","article-title":"Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of leaching parameters for ash reduction from low-grade coal","volume":"28","author":"Behera","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Mining Science and Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1007\/s10957-021-01887-y","article-title":"A steepest descent method for set optimization problems with set-valued mappings of finite cardinality","volume":"190","author":"Bouza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b4","series-title":"Breakthroughs in statistics: Methodology and distribution","first-page":"270","article-title":"On the experimental attainment of optimum conditions","author":"Box","year":"1992"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/19475683.2019.1641553","article-title":"Examination of spatial accessibility at micro-and macro-levels using the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method","volume":"25","author":"Bryant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annals of GIS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b6","first-page":"1301","article-title":"Optimization of process parameters using response surface methodology: A review","volume":"37","author":"Chelladurai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials Today: Proceedings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apgeog.2017.07.013","article-title":"Take the edge off: A hybrid geographic food access measure","volume":"87","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Geography"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2019.1578978","article-title":"Enhancing the two-step floating catchment area model for community food access mapping: Case of the supplemental nutrition assistance program","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"The Professional Geographer"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1739","DOI":"10.1080\/13658816.2019.1591415","article-title":"A comparative analysis of accessibility measures by the two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"International Journal of Geographical Information Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2012.10.039","article-title":"Using sensitivity analysis and visualization techniques to open black box data mining models","volume":"225","author":"Cortez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Information Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2025.105301","article-title":"Assessing accessibility and crowding in urban green spaces: A comparative study of approaches","volume":"257","author":"Czesak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128446","article-title":"Reassessing urban park accessibility: An improved two-step floating catchment area method based on the physical activity services perspective","volume":"101","author":"Fu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urban Forestry & Urban Greening"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5479","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-022-10280-8","article-title":"Quantum-inspired metaheuristic algorithms: comprehensive survey and classification","volume":"56","author":"Gharehchopogh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artificial Intelligence Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.12737","article-title":"Evaluating healthcare resource inequality in Beijing, China based on an improved spatial accessibility measurement","volume":"25","author":"Gong","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transactions in GIS"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2024.2422941","article-title":"An optimal multivariate-stratification geographical detector model for revealing the impact of multi-factor combinations on the dependent variable","volume":"61","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"GIScience & Remote Sensing"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/01944365908978307","article-title":"How accessibility shapes land use","volume":"25","author":"Hansen","year":"1959","journal-title":"Journal of the American Institute of Planners"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-7547-8_5","article-title":"A review on global sensitivity analysis methods","author":"Iooss","year":"2015","journal-title":"Uncertainty Management in Simulation-Optimization of Complex Systems: Algorithms and Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtrangeo.2024.103833","article-title":"Evaluating the impacts of supply-demand dynamics and distance decay effects on public transit project assessment: A study of healthcare accessibility and inequalities","volume":"116","author":"Javanmard","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Transport Geography"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1080\/00330124.2023.2215851","article-title":"COVID-19 vaccine rollout plans should consider spatial distribution of age-specific population","volume":"75","author":"Kang","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Professional Geographer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2020.102101","article-title":"Optimization of mixture proportions by statistical experimental design using response surface method-A review","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of Building Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2017.1","article-title":"High resolution global gridded data for use in population studies","volume":"4","author":"Lloyd","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1353-8292(02)00067-9","article-title":"Using a GIS-based floating catchment method to assess areas with shortage of physicians","volume":"10","author":"Luo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1068\/b29120","article-title":"Measures of spatial accessibility to health care in a GIS environment: Synthesis and a case study in the chicago region","volume":"30","author":"Luo","year":"2003","journal-title":"Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b24","first-page":"1060","article-title":"The spatial accessibility and matching degree between the supply and demand of basic educational resources in Changsha City","volume":"41","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Tropical Geography"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.12415","article-title":"An areal approach to spatial accessibility analysis","volume":"57","author":"Michels","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geographical Analysis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/s12061-017-9246-2","article-title":"Measuring spatial accessibility to services within indices of multiple deprivation: Implications of applying an enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) approach","volume":"12","author":"Page","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Spatial Analysis and Policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/gean.12340","article-title":"An examination of the stochastic distribution of spatial accessibility to intensive care unit beds during the COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of the Greater Houston Area of texas","volume":"55","author":"Park","year":"2023","journal-title":"Geographical Analysis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cstp.2023.100956","article-title":"Public transport equity with the concept of time-dependent accessibility using Geostatistics methods, Lorenz curves, and Gini coefficients","volume":"11","author":"Raza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Studies on Transport Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b29","series-title":"Encyclopedia of quality of life and well-being research","first-page":"6325","article-title":"Sensitivity analysis","author":"Saltelli","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-023-00358-z","article-title":"Gravity models for potential spatial healthcare access measurement: A systematic methodological review","volume":"22","author":"Stacherl","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10708-021-10389-3","article-title":"Using the variable two-step floating catchment area method to measure the potential spatial accessibility of urban emergency shelters","volume":"87","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"GeoJournal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-021-00263-3","article-title":"Quantifying spatial accessibility of general practitioners by applying a modified huff three-step floating catchment area (MH3SFCA) method","volume":"20","author":"Subal","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-13-33","article-title":"Spatial optimization of residential care facility locations in Beijing, China: Maximum equity in accessibility","volume":"13","author":"Tao","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-020-01280-7","article-title":"Hierarchical two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) method: Measuring the spatial accessibility to hierarchical healthcare facilities in Shenzhen, China","volume":"19","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1080\/14498596.2018.1488633","article-title":"Measuring spatial accessibility to ecological recreation spaces in the pearl river delta region: An improved two-step floating catchment area method","volume":"63","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Spatial Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-020-1059-1","article-title":"Global maps of travel time to healthcare facilities","volume":"26","author":"Weiss","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2019.102405","article-title":"An environmental justice study on spatial access to parks for youth by using an improved 2SFCA method in Wuhan, China","volume":"96","author":"Xing","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2022.102766","article-title":"Measuring spatio-temporal disparity of location-based accessibility to emergency medical services","volume":"74","author":"Xiong","year":"2022","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s13753-025-00628-3","article-title":"Analysis of urban flooding driving factors based on water tracer method and optimal parameters-based geographical detector","volume":"16","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Disaster Risk Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/17538947.2025.2479864","article-title":"Measuring the accessibility of emergency shelters based on an improved two-step floating catchment area model","volume":"18","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"International Journal of Digital Earth"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1111\/tgis.13127","article-title":"Evaluating the effect of urban flooding on spatial accessibility to emergency shelters based on social sensing data","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Transactions in GIS"}],"container-title":["Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198971526000621?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198971526000621?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:51:20Z","timestamp":1783137080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0198971526000621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["S0198971526000621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460","relation":{},"ISSN":["0198-9715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0198-9715","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sensitivity-driven parameter optimization for the G2SFCA using response surface methodology","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102460","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102460"}}