{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T17:04:43Z","timestamp":1784739883327,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781654400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018956","name":"NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203312"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018956","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["EP\/Y016076\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["EP\/Y016076\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001381","name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005156","name":"Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MC_UU_00006\/4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MC_UU_00006\/4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T20:43:18Z","timestamp":1782160998000},"page":"102476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Assessment of individualised dynamic environmental exposures within The World Avatar"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0874-5192","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2143-8656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jethro","family":"Akroyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7018-9433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebastian","family":"Mosbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6786-7309","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Feroz","family":"Farazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinhong","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8747-1689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kok Foong","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei Qi","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9054-0558","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George","family":"Brownbridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-2526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tom","family":"Bishop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5404-6088","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Will","family":"Cuningham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0085-8771","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomas","family":"Gonzales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6936-3801","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Burgoine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8870-718X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jenna","family":"Panter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3028-7340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise","family":"Foley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1265-7355","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Brage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1422-2993","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Wareham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-8924","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Markus","family":"Kraft","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2019.101965","article-title":"A route to school informational intervention for air pollution exposure reduction","volume":"53","author":"Ahmed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b2","series-title":"CReDo phase 2: Technical report \u2013 Distributed architecture","author":"Akroyd","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b3","series-title":"CReDo Technical Report 1: Building a cross-sector digital twin","author":"Akroyd","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/dce.2021.10","article-title":"Universal digital twin \u2013 a dynamic knowledge graph","volume":"2","author":"Akroyd","year":"2021","journal-title":"Data-Centric Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2023.10.008","article-title":"A derived information framework for a dynamic knowledge graph and its application to smart cities","volume":"152","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Future Generation Computer Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-44599-9","article-title":"A dynamic knowledge graph approach to distributed self-driving laboratories","volume":"15","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b7","series-title":"Proceedings of the 29th international conference on advances in geographic information systems","first-page":"536","article-title":"An efficient RDF converter and SPARQL endpoint for the complete OpenStreetMap data","author":"Bast","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2025.102305","article-title":"Digital twins and AI for healthy and sustainable cities","volume":"120","author":"Birkin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.167739","article-title":"Measuring the 3-30-300 rule to help cities meet nature access thresholds","volume":"907","author":"Browning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Science of the Total Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"g1464","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.g1464","article-title":"Associations between exposure to takeaway food outlets, takeaway food consumption, and body weight in Cambridgeshire, UK: Population based, cross sectional study","volume":"348","author":"Burgoine","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5868-10-85","article-title":"Characterising food environment exposure at home, at work, and along commuting journeys using data on adults in the UK","volume":"10","author":"Burgoine","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b12","series-title":"TWA timeline app","author":"Cambridge CARES","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b13","series-title":"A systematic review of key issues in public health","isbn-type":"print","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-13620-2_3","article-title":"Global burden and health trends of non-communicable diseases","author":"Capizzi","year":"2015","ISBN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/isbn\/9783319136202"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-021-00736-9","article-title":"Characterizing environmental geographic inequalities using an integrated exposure assessment","volume":"20","author":"Caudeville","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.01.003","article-title":"GPS tracking in neighborhood and health studies: A step forward for environmental exposure assessment, a step backward for causal inference?","volume":"21","author":"Chaix","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-024-00712-8","article-title":"A review of geospatial exposure models and approaches for health data integration","volume":"35","author":"Clark","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2017.11.007","article-title":"Comparing residence-based to actual path-based methods for defining adolescents\u2019 environmental exposures using granular spatial data","volume":"49","author":"Culyba","year":"2018","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b18","article-title":"Dynamic assessment of exposure to air pollution using mobile phone data","volume":"15","author":"Dewulf","year":"2016","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03669-3","article-title":"Assessing semantic interoperability in environmental sciences: Variety of approaches and semantic artefacts","volume":"11","author":"Di Muri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b20","series-title":"Financial industry business ontology (FIBO)","author":"Enterprise Data Management Council","year":"2025"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-022-00652-4","article-title":"The associations between urban form and major non-communicable diseases: A systematic review","volume":"99","author":"Fazeli Dehkordi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b22","series-title":"Food retail environment, supermarkets and takeaways","author":"Fenland Study","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b23","series-title":"UK food hygiene rating data","author":"Food Standards Agency","year":"2023"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.13177","article-title":"Incorporating fine-scale environmental heterogeneity into broad-extent models","volume":"10","author":"Graham","year":"2019","journal-title":"Methods in Ecology and Evolution"},{"issue":"9303","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07500-1","article-title":"Cohort studies: Marching towards outcomes","volume":"359","author":"Grimes","year":"2002","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e459","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00057-8","article-title":"Associations between residential greenspace exposure and mortality in 4 645 581 adults living in London, UK: A longitudinal study","volume":"7","author":"Hajna","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b27","first-page":"1","article-title":"How is active travel associated with the scale, measurement of built environment and travel purpose: a GPS trajectory-based approach","author":"He","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Urban Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1145\/3397512","article-title":"A review of the semantic web field","volume":"64","author":"Hitzler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"issue":"75","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b29","article-title":"Does residential address-based exposure assessment for outdoor air pollution lead to bias in epidemiological studies?","volume":"23","author":"Hoek","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environmental Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2388","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.24152","article-title":"Associations of takeaway outlets with takeaway food consumption and adiposity: Longitudinal analysis of the Fenland cohort","volume":"32","author":"Hoenink","year":"2024","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/dce.2024.11","article-title":"Semantic agent framework for automated flood assessment using dynamic knowledge graphs","volume":"5","author":"Hofmeister","year":"2024","journal-title":"Data-Centric Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.105113","article-title":"Cross-domain flood risk assessment for smart cities using dynamic knowledge graphs","volume":"101","author":"Hofmeister","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2024.100376","article-title":"Dynamic control of district heating networks with integrated emission modelling: A dynamic knowledge graph approach","volume":"17","author":"Hofmeister","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy and AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2025.108155","article-title":"Trajectory-based indicators to determine the local character of intersection conflicts: A micro-spatial analysis","volume":"220","author":"Hula","year":"2025","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b35","series-title":"Information exchange standard ontology","author":"IES4","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b36","series-title":"The fenland study","author":"Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2021.102706","article-title":"Accounting for space, time, and behavior using GPS derived dynamic measures of environmental exposure","volume":"79","author":"Jankowska","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b38","article-title":"The weighted cumulative exposure method and its application to pharmacoepidemiology: A narrative review","volume":"33","author":"Kelly","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1007\/s11676-022-01523-z","article-title":"Evidence-based guidelines for greener, healthier, more resilient neighbourhoods: Introducing the 3\u201330\u2013300 rule","volume":"34","author":"Konijnendijk","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Forestry Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-018-0149-5","article-title":"Capturing exposure in environmental health research: Challenges and opportunities of different activity space models","volume":"17","author":"Laatikainen","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2021.102793","article-title":"Open-source modeling chain for the dynamic assessment of road traffic noise exposure","volume":"94","author":"Le Bescond","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trd.2019.02.004","article-title":"Analyzing collective accessibility using average space-time prisms","volume":"69","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-022-00310-7","article-title":"Comparing effects of euclidean buffers and network buffers on associations between built environment and transport walking: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis","volume":"21","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b44","series-title":"The World Avatar \u2013 A world model for facilitating interoperability","first-page":"39","author":"Lim","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1080\/24694452.2024.2319067","article-title":"How mobility and temporal contexts may affect environmental exposure measurements: Using outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) and urban green space as examples","volume":"114","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Annals of the American Association of Geographers"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15511","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c04691","article-title":"Beyond residence: A Mobility-based approach for improved evaluation of human exposure to environmental hazards","volume":"57","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12966-020-00967-y","article-title":"Association between time-weighted activity space-based exposures to fast food outlets and fast food consumption among young adults in urban Canada","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12942-017-0106-8","article-title":"Does exposure to the food environment differ by socioeconomic position? Comparing area-based and person-centred metrics in the Fenland Study, UK","volume":"16","author":"Maguire","year":"2017","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107317","article-title":"GPS-based activity space exposure to greenness and walkability is associated with increased accelerometer-based physical activity","volume":"165","author":"Marquet","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environment International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1021\/es2033857","article-title":"Providing the missing link: the exposure science ontology ExO","volume":"46","author":"Mattingly","year":"2012","journal-title":"Environmental Science and Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-025-03652-4","article-title":"Bridging the implementation gap in non-communicable diseases","volume":"31","author":"Mikkelsen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10259-0","article-title":"Neighbourhood and path-based greenspace in three European countries: Associations with objective physical activity","volume":"21","author":"Mueller","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b53","series-title":"Parks and nature reserves: 2023 greenspace data","author":"National Parks Board (NParks)","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-052020-010820","article-title":"Barriers and enablers for integrating public health cobenefits in urban climate policy","volume":"43","author":"Negev","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annual Review of Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e29","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00298-9","article-title":"Associations between the fast-food environment and diabetes prevalence in the Netherlands: A cross-sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Ntarladima","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b56","series-title":"Annex C: Data on the distribution, determinants and burden of non-communicable diseases in England","author":"Office for Health Improvement & Disparities","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-6-41","article-title":"Comparing circular and network buffers to examine the influence of land use on walking for leisure and errands","volume":"6","author":"Oliver","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b58","series-title":"Key:opening_hours","author":"OpenStreetMap","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b59","series-title":"Points of interest classification scheme","author":"Ordnance Survey","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b60","series-title":"OS open greenspace","author":"Ordnance Survey","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b61","series-title":"Points of interest","author":"Ordnance Survey","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b62","article-title":"Disease burden from non-communicable diseases, World, 1990 to 2021","author":"Our World in Data","year":"2024","journal-title":"Our World in Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.01.005","article-title":"Conceptualization and measurement of environmental exposure in epidemiology: Accounting for activity space related to daily mobility","volume":"21","author":"Perchoux","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b64","series-title":"Projected annual healthcare spending for next decade","author":"Poa","year":"2022"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.slast.2024.100135","article-title":"The Digital Lab Manager: Automating research support","volume":"29","author":"Rihm","year":"2024","journal-title":"SLAS Technology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ynexs.2024.100031","article-title":"The Digital Lab Facility Manager: Automating operations of research laboratories through \u201cThe World Avatar\u201d","volume":"1","author":"Rihm","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nexus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.3.427","article-title":"Sick individuals and sick populations","volume":"30","author":"Rose","year":"2001","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"9831","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60435-8","article-title":"Shaping cities for health: Complexity and the planning of urban environments in the 21st century","volume":"379","author":"Rydin","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b69","author":"SG100K","year":"2025"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e798","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(23)00195-X","article-title":"Inequality in behavioural heat adaptation: An empirical study with mobility data from the transport system in New York City, NY, USA","volume":"7","author":"Stechemesser","year":"2023","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanwpc.2023.100842","article-title":"Dietary and other lifestyle factors and their influence on non-communicable diseases in the Western Pacific region","volume":"43","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2025.106596","article-title":"Beyond connected digital twins \u2013 can digital twins really deliver sustainable cities?","volume":"131","author":"Tan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sustainable Cities and Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2022.101912","article-title":"Measuring children\u2019s and adolescents\u2019 accessibility to greenspaces from different locations and commuting settings","volume":"100","author":"Teeuwen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","ISSN":"https:\/\/id.crossref.org\/issn\/0198-9715","issn-type":"print"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-072X-12-14","article-title":"Detecting activity locations from raw GPS data: A novel kernel-based algorithm","volume":"12","author":"Thierry","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Geographics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b75","series-title":"Secure research computing","author":"University of Cambridge Research Computing Services","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b76","series-title":"Parks and open space SHP: 2016","author":"Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA)","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100316","article-title":"The dawn of digital public health in Europe: Implications for public health policy and practice","volume":"14","author":"Wong","year":"2022","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b78","series-title":"Net zero carbon cities: An integrated approach","author":"World Economic Forum","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b79","series-title":"On world cities day 2021 WHO calls on countries to build resilient and healthy cities","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b80","series-title":"Urban health","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b81","series-title":"Time ontology in OWL","author":"World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2023.103112","article-title":"Examining the geographical distribution of air pollution disparities across different racial and ethnic groups: Incorporating workplace addresses","volume":"84","author":"Yoo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Health & Place"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1007\/s00477-007-0136-z","article-title":"Linking spatial data from different sources: The effects of change of support","volume":"21","author":"Young","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e564","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(24)00125-6","article-title":"Quantifying urban park use in the USA at scale: Empirical estimates of realised park usage using smartphone location data","volume":"8","author":"Young","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet Planetary Health"}],"container-title":["Computers, Environment and Urban Systems"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198971526000785?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0198971526000785?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:50:24Z","timestamp":1784739024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0198971526000785"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["S0198971526000785"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476","relation":{},"ISSN":["0198-9715"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0198-9715","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Assessment of individualised dynamic environmental exposures within The World Avatar","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers, Environment and Urban Systems","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.compenvurbsys.2026.102476","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"102476"}}