{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T21:03:56Z","timestamp":1779915836475,"version":"3.53.1"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777507200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009613","name":"Universit\u00e4t Hohenheim","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009613","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers & Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T05:58:14Z","timestamp":1777701494000},"page":"104952","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Psychological drivers of compliance intention\u2013The roles of professionals\u2019 motivational profiles and personality traits in following information systems security policies at work"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7409-3126","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas","family":"Keller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5454-4175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Warwas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Guggemos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-8464-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Verena","family":"Zengerle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104818","article-title":"Cybersecurity and cyber insurance for small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): perceptions, challenges and decision-making dynamics","volume":"163","author":"Adriko","year":"2026","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0002","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2016 11th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST)","first-page":"352","article-title":"Information security policies: a review of challenges and influencing factors","author":"Alotaibi","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0003","article-title":"Exploring the factors influencing information security policy compliance and violations: a systematic literature review","volume":"147","author":"Balagopal","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0004","series-title":"Methods For Researching Professional Learning and Development: Challenges, Applications and Empirical Illustrations (pp. 243\u2013268)","article-title":"A primer to latent profile and latent class analysis","author":"Bauer","year":"2022"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1108\/JWL-08-2013-0053","article-title":"Learning processes across knowledge domains","volume":"26","author":"Bjerg Hall-Andersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Workplace Learn."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.25300\/MISQ\/2015\/39.4.5","article-title":"What do systems users have to fear? Using fear appeals to engender threats and fear that motivate protective behaviors in users","volume":"39","author":"Boss","year":"2015","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3711124","article-title":"Regulating information and network security: review and challenges","volume":"57","author":"Bouraffa","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/jir.13216","article-title":"A scoping review of the ways gatekeepers may hinder or promote opportunities for people with intellectual and\/or developmental disabilities to learn about research participation","volume":"69","author":"Brodeur","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Intellect. Disabil. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2022.102937","article-title":"Why people keep falling for phishing scams: effects of time pressure and deception cues on detection of phishing emails","volume":"123","author":"Butavicius","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0011","first-page":"196","article-title":"Cybersecurity: risks and management of risks for global banks and financial institutions","volume":"10","author":"Camillo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Risk Manag. Financ. Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102568","article-title":"Voluntary and instrumental information security policy compliance. An integrated view of prosocial motivation, self regulation and deterrence","volume":"113","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tele.2018.05.005","article-title":"Impact of employees\u2019 demographic characteristics on the awareness and compliance of information security policy in organizations","volume":"35","author":"Chua","year":"2018","journal-title":"Telemat. Inform."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-010-9181-6","article-title":"What reviewers should expect from authors regarding common method bias in organizational research","volume":"25","author":"Conway","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Bus. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1057\/s41303-017-0059-9","article-title":"Organizational information security policies: a review and research framework","volume":"26","author":"Cram","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1108\/IMCS-08-2013-0057","article-title":"Security culture and the employment relationship as drivers of employees\u2019 security compliance","volume":"22","author":"D\u2019Arcy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1287\/isre.1070.0160","article-title":"User awareness of security countermeasures and its impact on information systems misuse: a deterrence approach","volume":"20","author":"D'Arcy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113108","article-title":"Self-determination theory in work organizations: the state of a science","volume":"4","author":"Deci","year":"2017","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0018","series-title":"Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior","author":"Deci","year":"1985"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0019","first-page":"223","article-title":"Die selbstbestimmungstheorie der motivation und ihre bedeutung f\u00fcr die p\u00e4dagogik","volume":"39","author":"Deci","year":"1993","journal-title":"Z. P\u00e4dagogik"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327965PLI1104_01","article-title":"The \"what\" and \"why\" of goal pursuits: human needs and the self-determination of behavior","volume":"11","author":"Deci","year":"2000","journal-title":"Psychol. Inq."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2575.2001.00099.x","article-title":"Current directions in IS security research: towards socio-organizational perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Dhillon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.757051","article-title":"Measuring failures proneness: scale development and preliminary validations","volume":"12","author":"Diamant","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0023","series-title":"Noba Textbook Series: Psychology","article-title":"Personality traits","author":"Diener","year":"2026"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-016-9479-0","article-title":"Intra-individual response variability as an indicator of insufficient effort responding: comparison to other indicators and relationships with individual differences","volume":"33","author":"Dunn","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Bus. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0025","unstructured":"ENISA. (2021). ENISA threat landscape 2021. April 2020 to Mid-July 2021 (Issue October). 10.2824\/324797."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0026","series-title":"Pers\u00f6nlichkeitspsychologie: Ein Lehrbuch","author":"Fetchenhauer","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2023.103386","article-title":"Understanding extra-role security behaviors: an integration of self-determination theory and construal level theory","volume":"132","author":"Frank","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-3723(12)70053-2","article-title":"Understanding the influences on information security behaviour","volume":"2012","author":"Furnell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Fraud Secur."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/1359432X.2013.877892","article-title":"The multidimensional work motivation scale: validation evidence in seven languages and nine countries","volume":"24","author":"Gagn\u00e9","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Work Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2023.103671","article-title":"The human factor in phishing: collecting and analyzing user behavior when reading emails","volume":"139","author":"Gallo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1108\/ICS-11-2020-0179","article-title":"Assessing information security behaviour: a self-determination theory perspective","volume":"29","author":"Gangire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5817\/CP2023-4-7","article-title":"Working conditions and cybersecurity: time pressure, autonomy and threat appraisal shaping employees\u2019 security behavior","volume":"17","author":"Gerdenitsch","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol. J. Psychosoc. Res. Cyberspace"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1111\/joop.12322","article-title":"A test of work motivation profile similarity across four distinct samples of employees","volume":"93","author":"Gillet","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Occup. Organ. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0034","series-title":"Proceedings of the HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust: 7th International Conference, HCI-CPT 2025, Held as Part of the 27th HCI International Conference, HCII 2025","first-page":"17","article-title":"The Big Five in action: a systematic review of personality, cyber awareness, and behaviors","author":"Grandhi","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2017.11.015","article-title":"Correlating human traits and cyber security behavior intentions","volume":"73","author":"Gratian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0036","series-title":"Multivariate Data Analysis","author":"Hair","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679190202","article-title":"PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet","volume":"19","author":"Hair","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Mark. Theory Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2025.1537658","article-title":"Differential pathways from personality to risk-taking: how extraversion and negative emotionality shape decision-making through overconfidence","volume":"16","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0039","series-title":"Motivation and Action","first-page":"1","article-title":"Motivation and action: introduction and overview","author":"Heckhausen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2009.6","article-title":"Protection motivation and deterrence: a framework for security policy compliance in organisations","volume":"18","author":"Herath","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0041","first-page":"50","article-title":"Optimistic bias and exposure affect security incidents on home computer","volume":"62","author":"Hewitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4018\/JOEUC.20211101.oa9","article-title":"Autonomous motivation and information security policy compliance: role of job satisfaction, responsibility, and deterrence","volume":"33","author":"Hong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Organ. End User Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvb.2016.07.004","article-title":"Motivation profiles at work: a self-determination theory approach","volume":"95\u201396","author":"Howard","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Vocat. Behav."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","article-title":"Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"1999","journal-title":"Struct Equ. Model."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1007\/s13369-019-04319-2","article-title":"Cyber security threats and vulnerabilities: a systematic mapping study","volume":"45","author":"Humayun","year":"2020","journal-title":"Arab. J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0046","series-title":"Cost of a Data Breach Report 2024","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2013.10.001","article-title":"Information systems security policy compliance: an empirical study of the effects of socialisation, influence, and cognition","volume":"51","author":"Ifinedo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1002\/per.2271","article-title":"Testing the information-seeking theory of openness\/intellect","volume":"35","author":"Jach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Personal."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1108\/IJCHM-10-2012-0183","article-title":"Personality, social comparison, consumption emotions, satisfaction, and behavioral intentions: how do these and other factors relate in a hotel setting?","volume":"25","author":"Jani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Contemp. Hosp. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2352\/ISSN.2470-1173.2020.3.MOBMU-252","article-title":"Measuring IT security, compliance and data governance within small and medium-sized IT enterprises","volume":"32","author":"Johannsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electron. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0051","series-title":"The \"Big Five\" Inventory\u2013Versions 4a and 54","author":"John","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0052","series-title":"Handbook of Personality: Theory and Research","first-page":"102","article-title":"The Big-five trait taxonomy: history, measurement, and theoretical perspectives","author":"John","year":"1999"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.2307\/25750691","article-title":"Fear appeals and information security behaviors: an empirical study","volume":"34","author":"Johnston","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2014.05.452","article-title":"Classification of security threats in information systems","volume":"32","author":"Jouini","year":"2014","journal-title":"Procedia Comput. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-9004.2007.00054.x","article-title":"An introduction to latent class growth analysis and growth mixture modeling","volume":"2","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Soc. Personal. Psychol. Compass"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2020.101875","article-title":"Cultivating cybersecurity learning: an integration of self-determination and flow","volume":"96","author":"Kam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1026\/0012-1924\/a000368","article-title":"Entwicklung und Validierung eines Situational Judgment Tests zur Erfassung der Informationssicherheitskompetenzen von Berufseinsteiger_innen an typischen B\u00fcroarbeitspl\u00e4tzen","volume":"72","author":"Keller","year":"2026","journal-title":"Diagnostica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0057","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2014 Workshop on Usable Security (USEC \u201914)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Learning from \u201cshadow security\u201d: why understanding non-compliant behaviours provides the basis for effective security","author":"Kirlappos","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0058","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Information Systems - Building a Better World through Information Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Why deterrence is not enough: the role of endogenous motivations on employees \u2019 information security behavior","author":"Kranz","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0059","article-title":"Phishing vulnerability and personality traits: insights from a systematic review","volume":"20","author":"L\u00f3pez-Aguilar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.10.1.21","article-title":"Investigating population heterogeneity with factor mixture models","volume":"10","author":"Lubke","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0061","series-title":"The Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods","first-page":"551","article-title":"Latent class analysis and finite mixture modeling","volume":"2","author":"Masyn","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.11.065","article-title":"Individual differences and information security awareness","volume":"69","author":"McCormac","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Hum. Behav."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00970.x","article-title":"An introduction to the five-factor model and its applications","volume":"60","author":"McCrae","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Personal."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028085","article-title":"Identifying careless responses in survey data","volume":"17","author":"Meade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol. Methods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410.2020.1713303","article-title":"Unpacking domain-specific achievement motivation: the role of contextualising items for test\u2013criterion correlations","volume":"42","author":"Michel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1177\/10944281221075361","article-title":"Attitude toward the color blue: an ideal marker variable","volume":"26","author":"Miller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Organ. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0067","series-title":"Handbook on the Temporal Dynamics of Organizational Behavior","first-page":"351","article-title":"Mixture modeling for organizational behavior research","author":"Morin","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0068","first-page":"106","article-title":"Latent variable analysis","volume":"345","author":"Muth\u00e9n","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0069","series-title":"Psychologie Der Pers\u00f6nlichkeit","author":"Neyer","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0070","series-title":"Psychometric Theory","author":"Nunnally","year":"1994"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0071","first-page":"440","article-title":"Ten frequently asked questions about latent class analysis","volume":"4","author":"Nylund-Gibson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trans. Issues Psychol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.57.102904.190127","article-title":"Personality and the prediction of consequential outcomes","volume":"57","author":"Ozer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2012.04.004","article-title":"Taxonomy of compliant information security behavior","volume":"31","author":"Padayachee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0074","series-title":"Proceedings of the 40th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS)","article-title":"Employees\u2019 behavior towards IS security policy compliance","author":"Pahnila","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0075","first-page":"231","article-title":"Factors that influence information security behavior: an Australian web-based study","author":"Pattinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum. Asp. Inf. Secur. Priv. Trust"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-021-01694-3","article-title":"Data quality of platforms and panels for online behavioral research","volume":"54","author":"Peer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0077","series-title":"Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior","author":"Pinder","year":"2008"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.88.5.879","article-title":"Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies","volume":"88","author":"Podsakoff","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Appl. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0079","first-page":"323","article-title":"Leading targets to comply. Uncertainty issues in the design of \u201cintrinsic motivation-driven policies","volume":"8","author":"Profeti","year":"2025","journal-title":"Policy Des. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104618","article-title":"SoK: an empirical investigation of malware techniques in advanced persistent threat attacks","volume":"157","author":"Rahman","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167202289008","article-title":"The big five personality factors and personal values","volume":"28","author":"Roccas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Personal. Soc. Psychol. Bull."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0083","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1080\/00223980.1975.9915803","article-title":"A protection motivation theory of fear appeals and attitude change","volume":"91","author":"Rogers","year":"1975","journal-title":"J. Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0084","article-title":"Unaware, unfunded and uneducated: a systematic review of SME cybersecurity","author":"Rombaldo","year":"2023","journal-title":"ArXiv"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.00978","article-title":"tidyLPA: an R package to easily carry out latent profile analysis (LPA) using open-source or commercial software","volume":"3","author":"Rosenberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v048.i02","article-title":"lavaan: an R package for structural equation modeling","volume":"48","author":"Rosseel","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0087","series-title":"Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness","author":"Ryan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cedpsych.2020.101860","article-title":"Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: definitions, theory, practices, and future directions","volume":"61","author":"Ryan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Contemp. Educ. Psychol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1108\/ICS-01-2020-0014","article-title":"SME executives\u2019 perceptions and the information security preparedness model","volume":"29","author":"Saban","year":"2021","journal-title":"Inf. Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0090","series-title":"Motivation and Action","first-page":"67","article-title":"Trait theories of motivation","author":"Scheffer","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpos.2021.739616","article-title":"Who follows the rules during a crisis? Personality traits and trust as predictors of compliance with containment recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Schmeisser","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Political Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0092","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1037\/ppm0000247","article-title":"Personality as a predictor of cybersecurity behavior","volume":"9","author":"Shappie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychol. Pop. Media"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2015.01.002","article-title":"Personality, attitudes, and intentions: predicting initial adoption of information security behavior","volume":"49","author":"Shropshire","year":"2015","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2008.12.007","article-title":"Information security management standards: problems and solutions","volume":"46","author":"Siponen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.2307\/25750688","article-title":"Neutralization: new insights into the problem of employee information systems security policy violations","volume":"34","author":"Siponen","year":"2010","journal-title":"MIS Q."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2011.07.002","article-title":"Out of fear or desire? Toward a better understanding of employees\u2019 motivation to follow IS security policies","volume":"48","author":"Son","year":"2011","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0097","unstructured":"Talib, Y.Y.A. (2015). Intrinsic motivation and information systems security policy compliance in organizations [Doctoral Dissertation, Virginia Commonwealth University]. VCU Scholars Compass."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1111\/apps.12256","article-title":"Toward an improved understanding of work motivation profiles","volume":"70","author":"T\u00f3th-Kir\u00e1ly","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Psychol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10796-019-09956-4","article-title":"A meta-analysis of deterrence theory in information security policy compliance research","volume":"21","author":"Trang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1108\/PR-12-2019-0680","article-title":"The ethics of people analytics: risks, opportunities and recommendations","volume":"51","author":"Tursunbayeva","year":"2022","journal-title":"Personnel Rev."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0101","first-page":"240","article-title":"Beyond intrinsic and extrinsic motivation: a meta-analysis on self-determination theory\u2019s multidimensional conceptualization of work motivation","volume":"11","author":"Van den Broeck","year":"2021","journal-title":"Organ. Psychol. Rev."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6909","DOI":"10.3390\/app11156909","article-title":"Respite for SMEs: a systematic review of socio-technical cybersecurity metrics","volume":"11","author":"van Haastrecht","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.im.2012.04.002","article-title":"Motivating IS security compliance: insights from habit and protection motivation theory","volume":"49","author":"Vance","year":"2012","journal-title":"Inf. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104456","article-title":"Security risk assessment in IoT environments: a taxonomy and survey","volume":"154","author":"Waqdan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0105","first-page":"26","article-title":"Personality and employees\u2019 information security behavior among generational cohorts","volume":"14","author":"Warrington","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1057\/ejis.2009.12","article-title":"Behavioral and policy issues in information systems security: the insider threat","volume":"18","author":"Warkentin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Inf. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1177\/0095798420930932","article-title":"Latent class analysis: a guide to best practice","volume":"46","author":"Weller","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Black Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0108","series-title":"Principles of Information Security","author":"Whitman","year":"2018"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/01449290802556021","article-title":"The amplification effects of procedural justice on a threat control model of information systems security behaviours","volume":"28","author":"Workman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Behav. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952_bib0110","first-page":"5","article-title":"Ethical leadership and employee information security policy (ISP) violation: exploring dual mediation paths","volume":"1","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Organ. Cybersecur. J. Pract. Process People"}],"container-title":["Computers & Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167404826001288?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167404826001288?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,27]],"date-time":"2026-05-27T20:02:59Z","timestamp":1779912179000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167404826001288"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":111,"alternative-id":["S0167404826001288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"uri","id":"https:\/\/osf.io\/84xdr","asserted-by":"subject"}]},"ISSN":["0167-4048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Psychological drivers of compliance intention\u2013The roles of professionals\u2019 motivational profiles and personality traits in following information systems security policies at work","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Security","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104952","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104952"}}