{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T20:18:17Z","timestamp":1783196297219,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100022339","name":"Centro Universitario de la Defensa de Zaragoza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CUD-2026_07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUD-2026_07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100022339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"State Agency of Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2023-150244OB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2023-150244OB-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"State Agency of Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2020-114110RA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2020-114110RA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011033","name":"State Agency of Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PID2024-157204OA-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2024-157204OA-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011033","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007041","name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UZ2024-IyA-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UZ2024-IyA-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007041","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computers &amp; Security"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T23:08:54Z","timestamp":1778627334000},"page":"104958","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["PUF optimization for IoT device authentication"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"168","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0365-6702","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Aparicio-T\u00e9llez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8648-6248","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miguel","family":"Garcia-Bosque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"D\u00edez-Se\u00f1orans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepcion","family":"Aldea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago","family":"Celma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129832","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3228635","article-title":"Implementation of Efficient XOR Arbiter PUF on FPGA With Enhanced Uniqueness and Security","volume":"10","author":"Anandakumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s23094410","article-title":"Oscillator Selection Strategies to Optimize a Physically Unclonable Function for IoT Systems Security","volume":"23","author":"Aparicio-T\u00e9llez","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b3","series-title":"2024 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Enhancing Identifiability of PUFs with Built-in Compensation through Nonlinear Transformations","author":"Aparicio-T\u00e9llez","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b4","series-title":"2023 19th International Conference on Synthesis, Modeling, Analysis and Simulation Methods and Applications To Circuit Design","first-page":"1","article-title":"Design Strategies to Select the Best Locations in a Ring Oscillator PUF","author":"Aparicio-T\u00e9llez","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6182","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3224298","article-title":"A Unified Multibit PUF and TRNG Based on Ring Oscillators for Secure IoT Devices","volume":"10","author":"Baturone","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b6","series-title":"2023 33rd International Conference on Field-Programmable Logic and Applications","first-page":"311","article-title":"Improving the Reliability of FPGA CRO PUFs","author":"Cook","year":"2023"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b7","first-page":"1672","article-title":"A Novel Ultra-Compact FPGA-Compatible TRNG Architecture Exploiting Latched Ring Oscillators","volume":"69","author":"Della Sala","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147343","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3123867","article-title":"Digitization Algorithms in Ring Oscillator Physically Unclonable Functions as a Main Factor Achieving Hardware Security","volume":"9","author":"Diez-Senorans","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5904","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2020.3032518","article-title":"SRAM-PUF-Based Entities Authentication Scheme for Resource-Constrained IoT Devices","volume":"8","author":"Farha","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b10","series-title":"Practical Methods of Optimization","author":"Fletcher","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b11","series-title":"Proceedings of the 9th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security","first-page":"148","article-title":"Silicon physical random functions","author":"Gassend","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33979","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3264016","article-title":"Arbiter PUF\u2014A Review of Design, Composition, and Security Aspects","volume":"11","author":"Hemavathy","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b13","series-title":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware Oriented Security and Trust","first-page":"126","article-title":"Large scale RO PUF analysis over slice type, evaluation time and temperature on 28nm Xilinx FPGAs","author":"Hesselbarth","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80546","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3084903","article-title":"A Lightweight PUF-Based Authentication Protocol Using Secret Pattern Recognition for Constrained IoT Devices","volume":"9","author":"Idriss","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2024.104138","article-title":"Advancing IoMT security: A two-factor authentication model employing PUF and Fuzzy logic techniques","volume":"148","author":"Kalam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20200350","DOI":"10.1587\/elex.17.20200350","article-title":"An efficient and stable composed entropy extraction method for FPGA-based RO PUF","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEICE Electron. Express"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2021.102415","article-title":"A PUF-based secure wake-up scheme for Internet of Things","volume":"110","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b18","series-title":"Physically Unclonable Functions : Constructions, Properties and Applications","author":"Maes","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b19","series-title":"2010 IEEE International Symposium on Hardware-Oriented Security and Trust","first-page":"94","article-title":"A large scale characterization of RO-PUF","author":"Maiti","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00145-010-9088-4","article-title":"Improved Ring Oscillator PUF: An FPGA-friendly Secure Primitive","volume":"24","author":"Maiti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cryptology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8205","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2022.3142084","article-title":"PUF-Based Authentication and Key Agreement Protocols for IoT, WSNs, and Smart Grids: A Comprehensive Survey","volume":"9","author":"Mall","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2017.2702607","article-title":"Implementation and Characterization of a Physical Unclonable Function for IoT: A Case Study With the TERO-PUF","volume":"37","author":"Marchand","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput.-Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.5079407","article-title":"A PUF taxonomy","volume":"6","author":"McGrath","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Phys. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cose.2025.104313","article-title":"CRO-PUF: Resilience to machine learning and differential power attacks","volume":"151","author":"Miah","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Secur."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1109\/LNET.2023.3298775","article-title":"Systematic Cryptanalysis of PUF-Based Authentication Protocols for IoT, A Case Study","volume":"5","author":"Modarres","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Netw. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b26","first-page":"2339","article-title":"SI PUF: An SRAM and Inverter-Based PUF With a Bit Error Rate of 0.0053% and 0.073\/0.042 pJ\/bit","volume":"71","author":"Ni","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cds.2019.0175","article-title":"Physical unclonable function: Architectures, applications and challenges for dependable security","volume":"14","author":"Ning","year":"2020","journal-title":"IET Circuits, Devices & Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1109\/TDSC.2021.3059454","article-title":"PUF-RAKE: A PUF-Based Robust and Lightweight Authentication and Key Establishment Protocol","volume":"19","author":"Qureshi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Dependable Secur. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b29","first-page":"335","article-title":"An aging-resistant RO-PUF for reliable key generation","volume":"4","author":"Rahman","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Emerg. Top. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aeue.2024.155147","article-title":"Reliability improvement of SRAM PUFs based on a detailed experimental study into the stochastic effects of aging","volume":"176","author":"Santana-Andreo","year":"2024","journal-title":"AEU - Int. J. Electron. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2024.3458057","article-title":"A Comprehensive Approach to Improving the Thermal Reliability of RTN-Based PUFs","volume":"72","author":"Santos-Prieto","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I. Regul. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b32","series-title":"SciPy documentation \u2014 Scipy v1.14.1 Manual","author":"SciPy","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comnet.2020.107593","article-title":"A survey on physical unclonable function (PUF)-based security solutions for Internet of Things","volume":"183","author":"Shamsoshoara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Netw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b34","series-title":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"An SRAM PUF with 2 Independent Bits\/Cell in 65nm","author":"Shifman","year":"2019"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1109\/TNS.2021.3126587","article-title":"Reliability Improvement on SRAM Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) Using an 8T Cell in 28 nm FDSOI","volume":"69","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSI.2023.3327250","article-title":"Enhancing the Reliability of SC PUF Through Optimal Capacitor Configuration","volume":"71","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I. Regul. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b37","series-title":"2017 27th International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications","first-page":"1","article-title":"A fair and comprehensive large-scale analysis of oscillation-based PUFs for FPGAs","author":"Wild","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b38","series-title":"2021 IEEE 4th International Conference on Electronics Technology","first-page":"83","article-title":"A Lightweight Configurable XOR RO-PUF Design Based on Xilinx FPGA","author":"Yao","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sysarc.2022.102514","article-title":"A survey on silicon PUFs","volume":"127","author":"Zerrouki","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Syst. Archit."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14452","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2021.3090475","article-title":"CT PUF: Configurable Tristate PUF Against Machine Learning Attacks for IoT Security","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."}],"container-title":["Computers &amp; Security"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167404826001343?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167404826001343?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T19:52:09Z","timestamp":1783194729000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167404826001343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":40,"alternative-id":["S0167404826001343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-4048"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-4048","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"PUF optimization for IoT device authentication","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computers & Security","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cose.2026.104958","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104958"}}