{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:56:20Z","timestamp":1774385780399,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771804800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Science Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,24]],"date-time":"2026-02-24T20:01:32Z","timestamp":1771963292000},"page":"100935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Securing the future: A comprehensive review of post-quantum digital signatures"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Mariya","family":"Thomas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mahima Mary","family":"Mathews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Panchami","family":"V.","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Asha","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0858-148X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sivaraman","family":"Eswaran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0005","first-page":"45","article-title":"A survey on digital signatures and its applications","volume":"3","author":"Abhishek","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1119\/1.1891170","article-title":"Shor\u2019s factoring algorithm and modern cryptography: an illustration of the capabilities inherent in quantum computers","volume":"73","author":"Gerjuoy","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0015","series-title":"Reassessing Grover\u2019s Algorithm","author":"Fluhrer","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0020","article-title":"Keeping secrets in a quantum world: cryptographers are preparing for new quantum computers that will break their ciphers","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3771287","article-title":"EMINEM: efficient FPGA implementation of mixed-radix NTT hardware accelerators for NIST post-quantum cryptography falcon, dilithium, and HAWK","volume":"18","author":"Tu","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Reconfigurable Technol. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/1568318.1568324","article-title":"On lattices, learning with errors, random linear codes, and cryptography","volume":"56","author":"Regev","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0035","series-title":"Complexity of Lattice Problems: A Cryptographic Perspective","author":"Micciancio","year":"2002"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14025","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3131668","article-title":"A survey on post-quantum public-key signature schemes for secure vehicular communications","volume":"23","author":"Shim","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0045","series-title":"Advances in Information Security","article-title":"Multivariate public key cryptosystems","author":"Ding","year":"2006"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2017.3151334","article-title":"Hash-based signatures: state of play","volume":"15","author":"Butin","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Secur. Priv."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0055","first-page":"45","article-title":"A survey on digital signatures and its applications","volume":"3","author":"Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Comput. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0060","article-title":"GeMSS: multivariate signature scheme","volume":"3","author":"Casanova","year":"2022","journal-title":"NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Round"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0065","series-title":"SPHINCS+: Stateless Hash-Based Signatures, NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Round 3 Submissions","author":"H\u00fclsing","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0070","series-title":"Falcon: Fast Fourier Lattice-Based Compact Signatures, NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Round 3 Submissions","author":"Prest","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0075","article-title":"Rainbow: multivariate quadratic signature scheme","volume":"3","author":"Ding","year":"2022","journal-title":"NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Round"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0080","article-title":"Picnic: post-quantum signatures based on zero-knowledge proofs","volume":"3","author":"Zaverucha","year":"2022","journal-title":"NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Round"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0085","series-title":"CRYSTALS-Dilithium: Lattice-Based Digital Signatures, NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Round 3 Submissions","author":"Bai","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0090","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI)","first-page":"132","article-title":"A survey on NIST third-round post-quantum digital signature algorithms","author":"Shajahan","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0095","series-title":"NIST Status Update on the Third Round of Post-Quantum Cryptography","author":"Moody","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0100","series-title":"Status Report on the Third Round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process","author":"Alagic","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0105","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Conference on future Generation Communication and Networking (FGCN)","first-page":"151","article-title":"On ElGamal signature scheme","volume":"vol. 2","author":"Kuo","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s102070100002","article-title":"The elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA)","volume":"1","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Inf. Secur."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1145\/129902.129904","article-title":"The digital signature standard","volume":"35","year":"1992","journal-title":"Commun. ACM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0120","series-title":"The RSA Algorithm","author":"Milanov","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0125","series-title":"Call for Additional Digital Signature Schemes for the Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0130","unstructured":"M. Baldi, A. Barenghi, S. Bitzer, P. Karl, F. Manganiello, A. Pavoni, et al., CROSS: codes and restricted objects signature scheme, Submission to the NIST Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0135","unstructured":"M. Baldi, A. Barenghi, J.-F. Biasse, A. Esser, K. Gaj, K. Mohajerani, et al., LESS: linear equivalence signature scheme, Submission to the NIST Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0140","unstructured":"J.W. Bos, O. Bronchain, L. Ducas, S. Fehr, Y.-H. Huang, T. Pornin, et al., HAWK version 1.0, Submission to the NIST Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0145","series-title":"MIRA specifications, Submission to the NIST Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process","author":"Aragon","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0150","unstructured":"G. Adj, L. Rivera-Zamarripa, J. Verbel, E. Bellini, S. Barbero, A. Esser, et al., MiRitH: MinRank in the head signature scheme, Submission to the NIST Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0155","unstructured":"C.A. Melchor, T. Feneuil, N. Gama, S. Gueron, J. Howe, D. Joseph, A. Joux, E. Persichetti, T.H. Randrianarisoa, M. Rivain, D. Yue, The syndrome decoding in the head (SDin-the-Head) signature scheme, Submission to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0160","unstructured":"W. Beullens, M.-S. Chen, J. Ding, B. Gong, M.J. Kannwischer, J. Patarin, B.-Y. Peng, D. Schmidt, C.-J. Shih, C. Tao, B.-Y. Yang, UOV: unbalanced oil and vinegar, Submission to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, Version 1.0, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0165","unstructured":"W. Beullens, F. Campos, S. Celi, B. Hess, M.J. Kannwischer, MAYO, Submission to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, 2023."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0170","series-title":"QR-UOV, Submission to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process","author":"Furue","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0175","series-title":"SNOVA","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0180","series-title":"Submission to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process","author":"Chavez-Saab","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0185","series-title":"FAEST: Algorithm specifications, Submission to the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Additional Digital Signature Schemes Process, Version 1.0","author":"Baum","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0190","author":"Bidoux"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0195","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE European Symposium on Security and Privacy (EuroS&P)","first-page":"468","article-title":"MQ on my mind: post-quantum signatures from the non-structured multivariate quadratic problem","author":"Benadjila","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0200","first-page":"1","article-title":"PERK: compact signature scheme based on a new variant of the permuted kernel problem","author":"Bettaieb","year":"2024","journal-title":"Des. Codes Cryptogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0205","series-title":"Proc. Public Key Cryptography (PKC)","first-page":"257","article-title":"Identity-based aggregate signatures","author":"Gentry","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0210","series-title":"Proc. ASIACRYPT","first-page":"252","article-title":"Provably secure blind signature schemes","author":"Pointcheval","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0215","series-title":"Chameleon Hashing and Signatures","author":"Krawczyk","year":"1998"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0220","series-title":"Proc. Theory of Cryptography Conference (TCC)","first-page":"60","article-title":"Ring signatures: stronger definitions and constructions without random oracles","author":"Bender","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0225","series-title":"Proc. EUROCRYPT","first-page":"207","article-title":"Practical threshold signatures","author":"Shoup","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0230","series-title":"Proc. CRYPTO","first-page":"212","article-title":"Undeniable signatures","author":"Chaum","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0235","series-title":"Proc. IMA International Conference on Cryptography and Coding","first-page":"220","article-title":"Identity-based threshold signatures from isogenies","author":"Atapoor","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1007\/s00200-013-0190-3","article-title":"A multivariate-based threshold ring signature scheme","volume":"24","author":"Petzoldt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Algebra Eng. Commun. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0245","first-page":"52","article-title":"An efficient code-based threshold ring signature scheme","volume":"45","author":"Assidi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Inf. Secur. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2023.3293408","article-title":"Efficient lattice-based threshold signatures with functional interchangeability","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0255","series-title":"Annual International Conference on the Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques","first-page":"628","article-title":"Threshold and multi-signature schemes from linear hash functions","author":"Tessaro","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0260","series-title":"Threshold Computation in the Head: Improved Framework for Post-Quantum Signatures and Zero-Knowledge Arguments","author":"Feneuil","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0265","series-title":"International Conference on Applied Cryptography and Network Security","first-page":"892","article-title":"Post-quantum id-based ring signatures from symmetric-key primitives","author":"Buser","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0270","series-title":"Annual International Cryptology Conference","first-page":"500","article-title":"Lattice-based blind signatures, revisited","author":"Hauck","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0275","article-title":"Isogeny-based quantum-resistant undeniable blind signature scheme","author":"Srinath","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cryptol. ePrint Arch."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0280","series-title":"Financial Cryptography and Data Security: 21st International Conference","first-page":"437","article-title":"A practical multivariate blind signature scheme","author":"Petzoldt","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0285","series-title":"IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory (ISIT)","first-page":"2718","article-title":"A code-based blind signature","author":"Blazy","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0290","first-page":"1","article-title":"Lattice-based undeniable signature scheme","author":"Rawal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ann. Telecommun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0295","series-title":"Cryptography and Coding: 14th IMA International Conference","first-page":"99","article-title":"A code-based undeniable signature scheme","author":"Aguilar-Melchor","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0300","series-title":"Applied Cryptography and Network Security: 17th International Conference","first-page":"110","article-title":"Raptor: a practical lattice-based (linkable) ring signature","author":"Lu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0305","article-title":"LBCSC: lattice-based chameleon signcryption scheme for secure and privacy-preserving vehicular communications","volume":"35","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trans. Emerg. Telecommun. Technol."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s21248417","article-title":"A hash-based quantum-resistant chameleon signature scheme","volume":"21","author":"Thanalakshmi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/math12152375","article-title":"Tightly-secure two-tier signatures on code-based digital signatures with chameleon hash functions","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5219","DOI":"10.32604\/cmc.2022.030270","article-title":"Code-based sequential aggregate signature scheme","volume":"73","author":"Dou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Mater. Continua"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0325","series-title":"Progress in Cryptology\u2013AFRICACRYPT 2014: 7th International Conference on Cryptology in Africa","first-page":"336","article-title":"Towards lattice-based aggregate signatures","author":"Bansarkhani","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0330","series-title":"International Conference on Information Security","first-page":"426","article-title":"MQSAS-a multivariate sequential aggregate signature scheme","author":"Bansarkhani","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0335","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hash-based sequential aggregate and forward secure signature for unattended wireless sensor networks","author":"Yavuz","year":"2009","journal-title":"6th Annu. Int. Mob. Ubiquitous Syst.: Netw. Serv, MobiQuitous"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0340","series-title":"Post-Quantum Cryptography","first-page":"95","article-title":"Code-based cryptography","author":"Overbeck","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1109\/TC.2018.2851238","article-title":"Arithmetic considerations for isogeny-based cryptography","volume":"68","author":"Bos","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0350","series-title":"Building MPCitH-Based Signatures from MQ, MinRank, Rank SD and PKP","author":"Feneuil","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1145\/3728469","article-title":"Sphincslet: an area-efficient accelerator for the full SPHINCS+ digital signature algorithm","author":"Deshpande","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Embedded Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0360","series-title":"Proc. CRYPTO","first-page":"376","article-title":"Improving Support-Minors Rank Attacks: Applications to GeMSS and Rainbow","author":"Baena","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0365","series-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun","article-title":"Enhanced network security protocols for the quantum era: combining classical and post-quantum cryptography, and quantum key distribution","author":"Garcia","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0370","series-title":"Proc. Euromicro DSD","first-page":"545","article-title":"A PQC and QKD Hybridization for Quantum-Secure Communications","author":"Marchsreiter","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0375","series-title":"Proc. IEEE PKIA","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparative study of recent ISD attacks for QC-LDPC McEliece","author":"Biswas","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0380","series-title":"Proc. PQCrypto","first-page":"25","article-title":"Decoding linear codes with high error rate and its impact on LPN","author":"Both","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-023-1512-6","article-title":"Improved ISD algorithms over galois rings in the Lee metric","volume":"36","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Syst. Sci. Complex."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0390","series-title":"Proc. PQCrypto","first-page":"69","article-title":"Quantum information-set decoding algorithms","author":"Kachigar","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0395","series-title":"Single-Trace Side-Channel Attack on Dilithium","author":"Qiao","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0400","series-title":"Proc. ESORICS","first-page":"341","article-title":"Enhanced key-mismatch attacks on lattice KEMs","author":"Shao","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0405","series-title":"Attacking and Defending Masked Polynomial Comparison for Lattice Cryptography","first-page":"334","author":"Bhasin","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0410","series-title":"Proc. PQCrypto","first-page":"658","article-title":"Faulting WOTS to forge LMS and XMSS","author":"Wagner","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0415","series-title":"Preliminary Cryptanalysis of the BISCUIT Signature","author":"Bouillaguet","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1109\/TIT.2023.3337945","article-title":"RQC revisited: new cryptanalysis for rank-based cryptography","volume":"70","author":"Bidoux","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0425","series-title":"Survey of Attacks on Supersingular Isogeny with Torsion Variants","first-page":"333","author":"Onuki","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0430","series-title":"Proc. ASIACRYPT","first-page":"396","article-title":"Faster Signatures from MPC-in-the-Head","author":"Bui","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0435","series-title":"Proc. CRYPTO","first-page":"581","article-title":"Publicly Verifiable ZK and PQ Signatures from VOLE-in-the-Head","author":"Baum","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0440","series-title":"Proc. CRYPTO","first-page":"124","article-title":"FAESTer: tighter VOLE-in-the-head signatures","author":"Baum","year":"2025"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0445","first-page":"2674","article-title":"Efficient and side-channel resistant ed25519 on ARM cortex-m4","volume":"71","author":"Owens","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0450","series-title":"Optimized Architectures for Elliptic Curve Cryptography over Curve448","author":"Niasar","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0455","series-title":"Education and Research Integration of Emerging Multidisciplinary Medical Devices Security","author":"Kermani","year":"2016"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0460","first-page":"4129","article-title":"Fast strategies for the implementation of SIKE round 3 on ARM cortex-m4","volume":"68","author":"Anastasova","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1109\/TR.2022.3216014","article-title":"Error detection constructions for ITA finite field inversions over GF2m on FPGA using CRC and hamming codes","volume":"72","author":"Cintas-Canto","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Reliab."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1750","DOI":"10.1109\/TCAD.2017.2661811","article-title":"Reliable hardware architectures for cryptographic block ciphers LED and HIGHT","volume":"36","author":"Subramanian","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Comput. Aided Des. Integr. Circuits Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3584919","article-title":"Cryptographic engineering a fast and efficient SIKE in FPGA","volume":"23","author":"Elkhatib","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Embed. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0480","series-title":"2021 IEEE 28th Symposium on Computer Arithmetic (ARITH)","first-page":"94","article-title":"High-speed NTT-based polynomial multiplication accelerator for post-quantum cryptography","author":"Bisheh-Niasar","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0485","series-title":"2018 IEEE 61st International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems (MWSCAS)","first-page":"574","article-title":"Design-for-Error-Detection in implementations of cryptographic nonlinear substitution boxes benchmarked on ASIC","author":"Aghaie","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0490","series-title":"2009 IEEE International Conference on Electro\/Information Technology, IEEE","first-page":"52","article-title":"A low-cost s-box for the advanced encryption standard using normal basis","author":"Mozaffari-Kermani","year":"2009"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1109\/TVLSI.2021.3077885","article-title":"Cryptographic accelerators for digital signature based on ed25519","volume":"29","author":"Bisheh-Niasar","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. VLSI Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2014.2344095","article-title":"Systematic poisoning attacks on and defenses for machine learning in healthcare","volume":"19","author":"Mozaffari-Kermani","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0505","article-title":"EdDSA for hardware implementation: highly optimized Ed25519 and Ed448 signatures","author":"Bisheh Niasar","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0510","series-title":"International Conference on Cryptology in India","first-page":"191","article-title":"Fast hardware architectures for supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman key exchange on FPGA","author":"Koziel","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0515","series-title":"Proceedings of the 15th ACM International Conference on Computing Frontiers, ACM","first-page":"204","article-title":"Reliable hardware architectures for efficient secure hash functions ECHO and fugue","author":"Kermani","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0520","series-title":"Proc. ACM HPDC, ACM","first-page":"1","article-title":"Efficient implementation of supersingular isogeny-based Diffie-Hellman key exchange on ARM","author":"Jalali","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0525","series-title":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Teaching","first-page":"1","article-title":"Engaged student learning with gamified labs: a new approach for hardware security education","author":"Karam","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0530","series-title":"Proceedings of the Great Lakes Symposium on VLSI, ACM","first-page":"372","article-title":"ParallelNTT: maximizing performance of forward and inverse NTT on FPGA for ML-DSA and ML-KEM","author":"Taghavi","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0535","series-title":"pqm4: Testing and Benchmarking NIST PQC on ARM Cortex-M4","author":"Kannwischer","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.62056\/ahee0iuc","article-title":"A comprehensive survey on post-quantum TLS","author":"Alnahawi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IACR Commun. Cryptol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0545","series-title":"Proceedings of the 7th ACM Workshop on ASIA Public-Key Cryptography","first-page":"36","article-title":"Hybrid Meet-in-the-Middle attacks for the isogeny Path-Finding problem","author":"Ikematsu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0550","series-title":"A Survey of Attacks on Supersingular Isogeny with Torsion Problem and Its Variants, Mathematical Foundations for Post-Quantum Cryptography: Crypto-Math CREST","first-page":"333","author":"Onuki","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0555","series-title":"Algebraic approach for code equivalence","author":"Saeed","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0560","series-title":"On the Security of Two Blind Signatures from Code Equivalence Problems","author":"Gilchrist","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0565","series-title":"Side-Channel and Fault Injection Attacks on VOLEitH Signature Schemes: A Case Study of Masked FAEST","author":"Jendral","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0570","series-title":"Public-Key Cryptography\u2013PKC 2016: 19th IACR International Conference on Practice and Theory in Public-Key Cryptography","first-page":"387","article-title":"Mitigating multi-target attacks in hash-based signatures","author":"H\u00fclsing","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0575","series-title":"Attacks on Hash Functions and Applications","author":"Stevens","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0580","series-title":"European Symposium on Research in Computer Security","first-page":"721","article-title":"Polynomial representation is tricky: maliciously secure private set intersection Revisited","author":"Abadi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0585","article-title":"Ternary LWE key search: a new frontier for quantum combinatorial attacks","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Information"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0590","series-title":"International Conference on Post-Quantum Cryptography","first-page":"267","article-title":"Single trace Side-Channel attack on the MPC-in-the-head framework","author":"Godard","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0595","series-title":"Algebraic attacks from a Gr\u00f6bner basis perspective","author":"Segers","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0600","series-title":"International Workshop on Post-Quantum Cryptography","first-page":"117","article-title":"XMSS-a practical forward secure signature scheme based on minimal security assumptions","author":"Buchmann","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0605","series-title":"High-Performance FPGA Accelerator for the Post-Quantum Signature Scheme CROSS","author":"Karl","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0610","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security","first-page":"3421","article-title":"Whipping the multivariate-based MAYO signature scheme using hardware platforms","author":"Hirner","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0615","series-title":"2024 5th International Conference on Mobile Computing and Sustainable Informatics (ICMCSI)","first-page":"132","article-title":"A survey on NIST 3rd round post-quantum digital signature algorithms","author":"Shajahan","year":"2024"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0620","first-page":"2608","article-title":"A survey on post-quantum cryptography for constrained devices","volume":"14","author":"Roy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935_bib0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14025","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2021.3131668","article-title":"A survey on post-quantum public-key signature schemes for secure vehicular communications","volume":"23","author":"Shim","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."}],"container-title":["Computer Science Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574013726000432?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574013726000432?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:28:08Z","timestamp":1774373288000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1574013726000432"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":125,"alternative-id":["S1574013726000432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-0137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-0137","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Securing the future: A comprehensive review of post-quantum digital signatures","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Science Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100935","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100935"}}