{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T20:45:53Z","timestamp":1774385153486,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":134,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Science Review"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T03:59:40Z","timestamp":1773633580000},"page":"100944","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A decade survey on exploration-exploitation trade-off in Metaheuristics: A proposal for conceptual framework-based validation model"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"61","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6942-9230","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Radhika","family":"Dhiman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4946-9550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manu","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2832-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jawahar","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0001","unstructured":"S. Kenneth, \u201cMetaheuristics \u2013 the metaphor exposed \u2217 metaphors considered harmful,\u201d no. September, pp. 1\u201318, 2012."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2013.12.007","article-title":"Grey Wolf optimizer","volume":"69","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2014","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2015.01.010","article-title":"The ant lion optimizer","volume":"83","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.01.004","article-title":"Grasshopper Optimisation algorithm: theory and application","volume":"105","author":"Saremi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4485","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-024-10168-6","article-title":"Metaheuristics for solving global and engineering optimization problems: review, applications, open issues and challenges","volume":"31","author":"Houssein","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.585893","article-title":"No free lunch theorems","volume":"1","author":"Wolpert","year":"1997","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evolut. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0007","first-page":"89","article-title":"Mathematical framework for algorithm analysis","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat.-Inspir. Comput. Swarm Intell. Algo. Theory Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"K. S\u00f6rensen, M. Sevaux, and F. Glover, \u201cA history of metaheuristics,\u201d Handbook of Heuristics, pp. 1\u201320, 2025, doi: 10.1007\/978-3-319-07153-4_4-2.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-07153-4_4-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.114353","article-title":"A novel direct measure of exploration and exploitation based on attraction basins","volume":"167","author":"Jerebic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2020.100671","article-title":"A better balance in metaheuristic algorithms: does it exist?","volume":"54","author":"Morales-Casta\u00f1eda","year":"2020","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2019.106040","article-title":"A survey on new generation metaheuristic algorithms","volume":"137","author":"Dokeroglu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-017-9605-z","article-title":"Metaheuristic research: a comprehensive survey","volume":"52","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0013","volume":"54","author":"Ezugwu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0014","series-title":"\u201cAnalysing metaheuristic components\"","author":"Stegherr","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M. Sarhani, S. Vo\u00df, and R. Jovanovic, \u201cInitialization of Metaheuristics: comprehensive review, critical analysis, and research directions,\u201d Nov. 01, 2023, John Wiley and Sons Inc. doi: 10.1111\/itor.13237.","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.13237"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Bettinger, A. Brun, and A. Boyer, Independent influence of exploration and exploitation for metaheuristic-based recommendations, vol. 1, no. 1. Association for Computing Machinery, 2022. doi: 10.1145\/3520304.3528972.","DOI":"10.1145\/3520304.3528972"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0017","article-title":"A survey of recently developed Metaheuristics and their comparative analysis","volume":"117","author":"Alorf","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Metaheuristic algorithms for optimization: a brief review","volume":"59","author":"Tomar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0019","volume":"56","author":"Rajwar","year":"2023"},{"issue":"0123456789","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0020","article-title":"A literature review and critical analysis of Metaheuristics recently developed","author":"Velasco","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0021","series-title":"A Study on the Working of Swarm-Based Metaheuristic Algorithms Using Theoretical Framework","author":"Dhiman","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0022","series-title":"Proceedings of the fifth Doctoral Symposium on Computational Intelligence","first-page":"225","article-title":"Study of socio-inspired metaheuristic algorithms through a proposed generic framework","author":"Dhiman","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-011-0754-8","article-title":"Metaheuristic optimization frameworks: a survey and benchmarking","volume":"16","author":"Parejo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-017-9605-z","article-title":"Metaheuristic research: a comprehensive survey","volume":"52","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence","first-page":"151","article-title":"Towards rigorous foundations for Metaheuristic research","author":"Achary","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-018-3592-0","article-title":"On the exploration and exploitation in popular swarm-based Metaheuristic algorithms","volume":"31","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0027","unstructured":"S. and others Keele, \u201cGuidelines for performing systematic literature reviews in Software engineering,\u201d Technical report, ver. 2.3 ebse technical report. ebse, 2007."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0028","series-title":"Metaheuristic Algorithms: A Comprehensive Review","author":"Abdel-Basset","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnsns.2016.06.006","article-title":"Kidney-inspired algorithm for optimization problems","volume":"42","author":"Jaddi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0030","first-page":"413","article-title":"New meta-heuristic optimization algorithm using neuronal communication","volume":"7","author":"Asil Gharebaghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Optim. Civil Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.01.004","article-title":"Grasshopper optimisation algorithm: theory and application","volume":"105","author":"Saremi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.05.014","article-title":"Spotted hyena optimizer: a novel bio-inspired based metaheuristic technique for engineering applications","volume":"114","author":"Dhiman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.07.002","article-title":"Salp swarm algorithm: a bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems","volume":"114","author":"Mirjalili","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0034","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2018 - Proceedings","first-page":"1","article-title":"Mushroom reproduction optimization (MRO): a novel nature-inspired evolutionary algorithm","author":"Bidar","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.07.033","article-title":"Farmland fertility: a new metaheuristic algorithm for solving continuous optimization problems","volume":"71","author":"Shayanfar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1504\/IJBIC.2018.093328","article-title":"Earthworm optimisation algorithm: a bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimisation problems","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Bio-Inspired Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.06.001","article-title":"Emperor penguin optimizer: a bio-inspired algorithm for engineering problems","volume":"159","author":"Dhiman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Knowl. Based. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5383","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2882568","article-title":"Raccoon optimization algorithm","volume":"7","author":"Koohi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.11.024","article-title":"Seagull optimization algorithm: theory and its applications for large-scale industrial engineering problems","volume":"165","author":"Dhiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knowl. Based. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.01.001","article-title":"The Sailfish Optimizer: a novel nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for solving constrained engineering optimization problems","volume":"80","author":"Shadravan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0041","first-page":"43","article-title":"Spider monkey optimization algorithm","volume":"779","author":"Sharma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Evolut. Swarm Intell. Algo."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2018.02.013","article-title":"A novel nature-inspired algorithm for optimization: squirrel search algorithm","volume":"44","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-015-1923-y","article-title":"Monarch butterfly optimization","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-018-3102-4","article-title":"Butterfly optimization algorithm: a novel approach for global optimization","volume":"23","author":"Arora","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0045","article-title":"Black widow optimization algorithm: a novel meta-heuristic approach for solving engineering optimization problems","volume":"87","author":"Hayyolalam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0046","article-title":"Barnacles mating optimizer: a new bio-inspired algorithm for solving engineering optimization problems","volume":"87","author":"Sulaiman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.03.021","article-title":"STOA: a bio-inspired based optimization algorithm for industrial engineering problems","volume":"82","author":"Dhiman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-019-01507-3","article-title":"Sandpiper optimization algorithm: a novel approach for solving real-life engineering problems","volume":"50","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.106559","article-title":"A mayfly optimization algorithm","volume":"145","author":"Zervoudakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.1108\/EC-10-2019-0481","article-title":"Shuffled shepherd optimization method: a new meta-heuristic algorithm","volume":"37","author":"Kaveh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113377","article-title":"Marine predators algorithm: a nature-inspired metaheuristic","volume":"152","author":"Faramarzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2020.103541","article-title":"Tunicate Swarm algorithm: a new bio-inspired based metaheuristic paradigm for global optimization","volume":"90","author":"Kaur","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0053","article-title":"Aquila optimizer: a novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm","volume":"157","author":"Abualigah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2021.107408","article-title":"African vultures optimization algorithm: a new nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization problems","volume":"158","author":"Abdollahzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2021.114685","article-title":"Chameleon Swarm algorithm: a bio-inspired optimizer for solving engineering design problems","volume":"174","author":"Braik","year":"2021","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cie.2020.107050","article-title":"Golden eagle optimizer: a nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm","volume":"152","author":"Mohammadi-Balani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Ind. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5887","DOI":"10.1002\/int.22535","article-title":"Artificial gorilla troops optimizer: a new nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for global optimization problems","volume":"36","author":"Abdollahzadeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50448","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3173401","article-title":"Mud ring algorithm: a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm for solving mathematical and engineering challenges","volume":"10","author":"Desuky","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2017.03.014","article-title":"A novel meta-heuristic optimization algorithm: thermal exchange optimization","volume":"110","author":"Kaveh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0060","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hydrological cycle algorithm for continuous optimization problems","volume":"2017","author":"Wedyan","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Optim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0061","first-page":"417","article-title":"A new metaheuristic method for optimization: sonar inspired optimization","volume":"744","author":"Tzanetos","year":"2017","journal-title":"Commun. Comput. Inf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0062","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2018.08.030","article-title":"Atom search optimization and its application to solve a hydrogeologic parameter estimation problem","volume":"163","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1007\/s00366-018-0620-8","article-title":"A sunflower optimization (SFO) algorithm applied to damage identification on laminated composite plates","volume":"35","author":"Gomes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04410-8","article-title":"Electron radar search algorithm: a novel developed meta-heuristic algorithm","volume":"24","author":"Rahmanzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3926","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01727-y","article-title":"Transient search optimization: a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm","volume":"50","author":"Qais","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2020.07.058","article-title":"Billiards-inspired optimization algorithm; a new meta-heuristic method","volume":"27","author":"Kaveh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Structures"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2019.105190","article-title":"Equilibrium optimizer: a novel optimization algorithm","volume":"191","author":"Faramarzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowl. Based Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-020-01893-z","article-title":"Archimedes optimization algorithm: a new metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"51","author":"Hashim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132193","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3222489","article-title":"Groundwater flow algorithm: a novel hydro-geology based optimization algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Guha","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2016.09.068","article-title":"Collective decision optimization algorithm: a new heuristic optimization method","volume":"221","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-017-0903-6","article-title":"Human mental search: a new population-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm","volume":"47","author":"Mousavirad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystems.2017.07.010","article-title":"A global optimization algorithm inspired in the behavior of selfish herds","volume":"160","author":"Fausto","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioSystems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.future.2017.10.052","article-title":"Socio evolution & learning optimization algorithm: a socio-inspired optimization methodology","volume":"81","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Future Gener. Comput. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2018.06.036","article-title":"Queuing search algorithm: a novel Metaheuristic algorithm for solving engineering optimization problems","volume":"63","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2017.11.043","article-title":"Volleyball premier league algorithm","volume":"64","author":"Moghdani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/comjnl\/bxy133","article-title":"Deer hunting optimization algorithm: a new nature-inspired meta-heuristic paradigm","author":"Brammya","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2019.08.025","article-title":"Poor and rich optimization algorithm: a new human-based and multi populations algorithm","volume":"86","author":"Samareh Moosavi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2482543","article-title":"A new optimization algorithm based on search and rescue operations","volume":"2019","author":"Shabani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Math. Probl. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2019.105723","article-title":"Ludo game-based Metaheuristics for global and engineering optimization","volume":"84","author":"Singh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2020.05.023","article-title":"Human urbanization algorithm: a novel metaheuristic approach","volume":"178","author":"Ghasemian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0081","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2020.105709","article-title":"Political Optimizer: a novel socio-inspired meta-heuristic for global optimization","volume":"195","author":"Askari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Knowl. Based. Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0082","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9121","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-019-04443-z","article-title":"A novel life choice-based optimizer","volume":"24","author":"Khatri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0083","first-page":"313","article-title":"Tiki-taka algorithm: a novel metaheuristic inspired by football playing style","volume":"38","author":"Mohd Fadzil","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2020.113702","article-title":"Heap-based optimizer inspired by corporate rank hierarchy for global optimization","volume":"161","author":"Askari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1139","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05004-4","article-title":"Battle royale optimization algorithm","volume":"33","author":"Farshi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0086","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.110206","article-title":"Growth optimizer : a powerful metaheuristic algorithm for solving continuous and discrete global optimization problems","volume":"261","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knowl. Based. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.4316\/AECE.2017.02010","article-title":"Golden sine algorithm: a novel math-inspired algorithm","volume":"17","author":"Tanyildizi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Electr. Comput. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09867-w","article-title":"Chaos game optimization: a novel metaheuristic algorithm","volume":"54","author":"Talatahari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cma.2020.113609","article-title":"The arithmetic optimization algorithm","volume":"376","author":"Abualigah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/math10101626","article-title":"Circle search algorithm: a geometry-based metaheuristic optimization algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Qais","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/sym9100203","article-title":"Polar bear optimization algorithm: meta-heuristic with fast population movement and dynamic birth and death mechanism","volume":"9","author":"Polap","year":"2017","journal-title":"Symmetry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0092","volume":"28","author":"Huan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0093","series-title":"Proceedings of the ESANN 2018 - European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks, Computational Intelligence and Machine Learning","first-page":"679","article-title":"Meerkats-inspired algorithm for global optimization problems","author":"Klein","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2018.04.007","article-title":"Pity beetle algorithm \u2013 A new metaheuristic inspired by the behavior of bark beetles","volume":"121","author":"Kallioras","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0095","article-title":"Metaheuristic inspired on owls behavior applied to heat exchangers design","volume":"14","author":"de Vasconcelos Segundo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s42044-018-0025-2","article-title":"Meta-heuristic bus transportation algorithm","volume":"2","author":"Bodaghi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Iran J. Comput. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.05.035","article-title":"Social mimic optimization algorithm and engineering applications","volume":"134","author":"Balochian","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2765","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2020.3012487","article-title":"COVID-19 optimizer algorithm, modeling and controlling of coronavirus distribution process","volume":"24","author":"Hosseini","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0099","first-page":"139","article-title":"The locust swarm optimization algorithm","volume":"160","author":"Cuevas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intell. Syst. Ref. Library"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.advengsoft.2020.102804","article-title":"Student psychology based optimization algorithm: a new population based optimization algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"146","author":"Das","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-51971-1_16","article-title":"Horse optimization algorithm: a novel bio-inspired algorithm for solving global optimization problems","volume":"1225","author":"Moldovan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Intell. Syst. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53883","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.2981196","article-title":"Wingsuit flying search-A novel global optimization algorithm","volume":"8","author":"Covic","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/j.istruc.2020.03.033","article-title":"Water strider algorithm: a new metaheuristic and applications","volume":"25","author":"Kaveh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Structures"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10359","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-019-04575-1","article-title":"A new algorithm for normal and large-scale optimization problems: nomadic people optimizer","volume":"32","author":"Salih","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eij.2020.08.003","article-title":"A new evolutionary algorithm: learner performance based behavior algorithm","volume":"22","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Egypt. Inform. J."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-020-05124-x","article-title":"Volcano eruption algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"33","author":"Hosseini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1080\/03772063.2019.1672586","article-title":"Thieves and police, a new optimization algorithm: theory and application in probabilistic power flow","volume":"67","author":"Bagheri","year":"2021","journal-title":"IETE J. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.array.2021.100074","article-title":"Wild Geese algorithm: a novel algorithm for large scale optimization based on the natural life and death of wild geese","volume":"11","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Array"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162059","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2021.3133286","article-title":"Northern Goshawk optimization: a new swarm-based algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"9","author":"Dehghani","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0110","article-title":"Red fox optimization algorithm","volume":"166","author":"Po\u0142ap","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0111","first-page":"1","article-title":"A new human-based Metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems on the base of simulation of driving training process","volume":"12","author":"Dehghani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matcom.2022.06.007","article-title":"Gannet optimization algorithm: a new Metaheuristic algorithm for solving engineering optimization problems","volume":"202","author":"Pan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Math. Comput. Simul."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46690","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3170112","article-title":"Dove swarm optimization algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Su","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2022.09.488","article-title":"Hermit Crab Optimizer (HCO): a novel meta-heuristic algorithm","volume":"55","author":"Tafakkori","year":"2022","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84417","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3197745","article-title":"Fennec Fox optimization: a new nature-inspired optimization algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Trojovska","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19599","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3151641","article-title":"Tasmanian Devil optimization: a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm for solving optimization algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Dehghani","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49445","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2022.3172789","article-title":"Zebra optimization algorithm: a new bio-inspired optimization algorithm for solving optimization algorithm","volume":"10","author":"Trojovska","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2022.110011","article-title":"Coati optimization algorithm: a new bio-inspired Metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"259","author":"Dehghani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Knowl. Based. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0119","volume":"35","author":"Agushaka","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.21.6.34.e1252","article-title":"Use of theoretical and conceptual frameworks in qualitative research","volume":"21","author":"Green","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurse Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0121","first-page":"185","article-title":"Is there a conceptual difference between theoretical and conceptual frameworks?","volume":"38","author":"Imenda","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Soc. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Jabareen, \u201cBuilding a conceptual framework: philosophy, definitions, and procedure,\u201d 2009.","DOI":"10.1177\/160940690900800406"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmech.2022.1126450","article-title":"Osprey optimization algorithm: a new bio-inspired Metaheuristic algorithm for solving engineering optimization problems","volume":"8","author":"Dehghani","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Mech. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.122413","article-title":"Walrus optimizer: a novel nature-inspired Metaheuristic algorithm","volume":"239","author":"Han","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-54910-3","article-title":"Hippopotamus optimization algorithm: a novel nature-inspired optimization algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Amiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.127206","article-title":"Griffon vultures optimization algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"276","author":"Hasan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2025.116008","article-title":"Artificial satellite search: a new metaheuristic algorithm for optimizing truss structure design and project scheduling","volume":"143","author":"Cheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2025.113548","article-title":"Phototropic growth algorithm: a novel metaheuristic inspired from phototropic growth of plants","volume":"322","author":"Bohat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Knowl. Based. Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0129","first-page":"520","article-title":"Revolution optimization algorithm: a new Human-based metaheuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems","volume":"18","author":"Hamadneh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Intell. Eng. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2024.108987","article-title":"Success-based optimization algorithm (SBOA): development and enhancement of a metaheuristic optimizer","volume":"194","author":"Lara-Monta\u00f1o","year":"2025","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21009","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-025-11379-z","article-title":"Cultural history optimization algorithm: a new human-inspired metaheuristic algorithm for engineering optimization problems","volume":"37","author":"Sharifi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-025-11291-x","article-title":"Cuckoo catfish optimizer: a new meta-heuristic optimization algorithm","volume":"58","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-49295-2_3","article-title":"Metaheuristics methods","author":"Savsani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Truss Optim."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944_bib0134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11721-021-00202-9","article-title":"Metaphor-based Metaheuristics, a call for action: the elephant in the room","volume":"16","author":"Aranha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Swarm Intell."}],"container-title":["Computer Science Review"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574013726000523?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574013726000523?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T17:18:52Z","timestamp":1774372732000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1574013726000523"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":134,"alternative-id":["S1574013726000523"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-0137"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-0137","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A decade survey on exploration-exploitation trade-off in Metaheuristics: A proposal for conceptual framework-based validation model","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Science Review","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cosrev.2026.100944","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100944"}}