{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:05:09Z","timestamp":1781618709554,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778889600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000266","name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000266","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Physics Communications"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T22:55:17Z","timestamp":1779144917000},"page":"110219","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Abradable DEM: A novel framework to capture the mechanistic evolution of particle shape"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"326","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-6380-2035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haydn","family":"Rogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Capozza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Stratford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Scott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1002\/nag.314","article-title":"Influence of particle shape and angularity on the behaviour of granular materials: a numerical analysis","volume":"27","author":"Nouguier-Lehon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2014.11.050","article-title":"Discrete element models for non-spherical particle systems: from theoretical developments to applications","volume":"127","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0307-904X(01)00050-6","article-title":"DEM modelling of industrial granular flows: 3D case studies and the effect of particle shape on hopper discharge","volume":"26","author":"Cleary","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Model."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/s11440-014-0331-2","article-title":"DEM simulations of shear modulus and damping ratio of sand with emphasis on the effects of particle number, particle shape, and aging","volume":"10","author":"Tong","year":"2015","journal-title":"Acta Geotech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1017\/jfm.2018.420","article-title":"Rheology and shear jamming of frictional ellipses","volume":"849","author":"Trulsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Fluid Mech."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2019.06.015","article-title":"Impacts of particle shapes on the oral delivery of drug nanocrystals: mucus permeation, transepithelial transport and bioavailability","volume":"307","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trgeo.2020.100388","article-title":"Degradation-induced evolution of particle roundness and its effect on the shear behaviour of railway ballast","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transp. Geotech."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E541","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3841.2007.00572.x","article-title":"Impact of particle size distribution on rheological and textural properties of chocolate models with reduced fat content","volume":"72","author":"Do","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.07.010","article-title":"DEM\/CFD-DEM modelling of non-spherical particulate systems: theoretical developments and applications","volume":"302","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1108\/eb023852","article-title":"Superquadrics and modal dynamics for discrete elements in interactive design","volume":"9","author":"Williams","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1108\/02644409910271894","article-title":"Shape representation of axi-symmetrical, non-spherical particles in discrete element simulation using multi-element model particles","volume":"16","author":"Favier","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eng. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.softx.2021.100735","article-title":"CLUMP: a code library to generate universal multi-sphere particles","volume":"15","author":"Angelidakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"SoftwareX"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0148-9062(88)92294-2","article-title":"Formulation of a three-dimensional distinct element model\u2014Part II. Mechanical calculations for motion and interaction of a system composed of many polyhedral blocks","volume":"25","author":"Hart","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. G\u00e9om\u00e9ch. Abstr."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1038\/s42254-023-00617-9","article-title":"The role of particle shape in computational modelling of granular matter","volume":"5","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2020.119903","article-title":"Quantification of swelling characteristics of pharmaceutical particles","volume":"590","author":"Soundaranathan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57475-5","article-title":"Thermo-responsive jamming by particle shape change","volume":"16","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aao4946","article-title":"Universal characteristics of particle shape evolution by bed-load chipping","volume":"4","author":"Nov\u00e1k-Szab\u00f3","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2016.08.016","article-title":"Particulate solid attrition in CFB systems \u2013 an assessment for emerging technologies","volume":"302","author":"Bayham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1531","DOI":"10.5194\/esurf-9-1531-2021","article-title":"Breaking down chipping and fragmentation in sediment transport: the control of material strength","volume":"9","author":"Bodek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Earth Surf. Dyn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-5910(02)00177-8","article-title":"Morphological analysis of pharmaceutical powders","volume":"128","author":"Pons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-2509(02)00240-3","article-title":"Impact attrition of particulate solids. Part 1: a theoretical model of chipping","volume":"57","author":"Ghadiri","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2021.04.003","article-title":"Numerical simulation approach to predict the abrasion rate of rice during milling","volume":"206","author":"Meng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/S0032-5910(99)00290-9","article-title":"Catalyst attrition in cyclones","volume":"113","author":"Reppenhagen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.triboint.2004.07.026","article-title":"Wear of ceramic nozzles by dry sand blasting","volume":"39","author":"Deng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tribol. Int."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8366","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms9366","article-title":"Reconstructing the transport history of pebbles on Mars","volume":"6","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1144\/transed.3.1.122","article-title":"On rolled pebbles from the beach at Dunbar","volume":"3","author":"Black","year":"1877","journal-title":"Trans. Edinburgh Geol. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1112\/S0025579300005714","article-title":"Shapes of worn stones","volume":"21","author":"Firey","year":"1974","journal-title":"Mathematika"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0028","first-page":"113","article-title":"The shape of pebbles","volume":"9","author":"Bloore","year":"1977","journal-title":"Math. Geosci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/17486025.2014.933891","article-title":"Discrete element analysis of breakage of irregularly shaped railway ballast","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Geomech. Geoengin."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1063\/1.1721448","article-title":"Contact and rubbing of flat surfaces","volume":"24","author":"Archard","year":"1953","journal-title":"J. Appl. Phys."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/0043-1648(60)90055-7","article-title":"Erosion of surfaces by solid particles","volume":"3","author":"Finnie","year":"1960","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2019.08.101","article-title":"Development of a methodology for predicting particle attrition in a cyclone by CFD-DEM","volume":"357","author":"Fulchini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.partic.2025.10.003","article-title":"Simulation of solid particle erosion wear using discrete element method: comparison of experimental and analysis results","volume":"107","author":"Aydin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Particuology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1093","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-023-00555-4","article-title":"A coupled SPH\u2013DEM model for erosion process of solid surface by abrasive water-jet impact","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Part. Mech."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3947","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17163947","article-title":"Modeling of the particle abrasion process and a discrete element method study of its shape effect","volume":"17","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2020.10.015","article-title":"A hierarchical, spherical harmonic-based approach to simulate abradable, irregularly shaped particles in DEM","volume":"378","author":"Capozza","year":"2021","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-00030-1","article-title":"Curvature flows, scaling laws and the geometry of attrition under impacts","volume":"11","author":"P\u00e1l","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s10035-021-01130-5","article-title":"A new DEM model to simulate the abrasion behavior of irregularly-shaped coarse granular aggregates","volume":"23","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Granul. Matter"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2011.03.023","article-title":"Application of Taguchi methods to DEM calibration of bonded agglomerates","volume":"210","author":"Hanley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0040","first-page":"651","article-title":"Discrete element modelling of ballast abrasion","volume":"56","author":"Lu","year":"2006","journal-title":"G\/\u2019eotech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/nme.6056","article-title":"Critical time step for DEM simulations of dynamic systems using a Hertzian contact model","volume":"119","author":"Burns","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sandf.2020.05.001","article-title":"A new abrasive wear model for railway ballast","volume":"60","author":"de Bono","year":"2020","journal-title":"Soils Found."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mineng.2025.110035","article-title":"Modeling and simulation of metal wear in bonds impeller-tumbler ore abrasiveness test using the Archard model in DEM","volume":"237","author":"Tino","year":"2026","journal-title":"Miner. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2022.117864","article-title":"A comprehensive model of plastic wear based on the discrete element method","volume":"410","author":"Capozza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0045","article-title":"Wear at an incipient ploughing\u2013cutting transition","volume":"546\u2013547","author":"Capozza","year":"2024","journal-title":"Wear"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2021.108171","article-title":"LAMMPS - a flexible simulation tool for particle-based materials modeling at the atomic, meso, and continuum scales","volume":"271","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088657","article-title":"How river rocks round: resolving the shape-Size paradox","volume":"9","author":"Domokos","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-679X(96)00014-X","article-title":"Analytical models of scratch hardness","volume":"29","author":"Williams","year":"1996","journal-title":"Tribol. Int."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10035-010-0205-8","article-title":"A method to model realistic particle shape and inertia in DEM","volume":"12","author":"Ferellec","year":"2010","journal-title":"Granul. Matter."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0050","article-title":"Explicit exact formulas for the 3-D tetrahedron inertia tensor in terms of its vertex coordinates","volume":"1","author":"Tonon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Math. Stat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcp.2016.01.025","article-title":"A 3D, fully Eulerian, VOF-based solver to study the interaction between two fluids and moving rigid bodies using the fictitious domain method","volume":"311","author":"Pathak","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Comput. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2019.05.010","article-title":"Aspherical particle models for molecular dynamics simulation","volume":"243","author":"Nguyen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1007\/s40571-020-00361-2","article-title":"DEM simulations of polydisperse media: efficient contact detection applied to investigate the quasi-static limit","volume":"8","author":"Shire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comp. Part. Mech."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2008.03.005","article-title":"Accurate and efficient methods for modeling colloidal mixtures in an explicit solvent using molecular dynamics","volume":"179","author":"Veld","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Phys. Commun."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2982","DOI":"10.3390\/su14052982","article-title":"Methods for solving finite element mesh-dependency problems in geotechnical engineering\u2014a review","volume":"14","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2022.118209","article-title":"Contact models for the multi-sphere discrete element method","volume":"416","author":"Berry","year":"2023","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0057","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2012 International Conference on Information Technology and Software Engineering","first-page":"979","article-title":"Ear-clipping based algorithms of generating high-quality polygon triangulation","author":"Mei","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0058","article-title":"Real-Time Collision Detection","author":"Ericson","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0059","series-title":"On the Contact of Rigid Elastic Solids and on Hardness","author":"Hertz","year":"1882"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0060","series-title":"Theory of Elasticity","author":"Timoshenko","year":"1951"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"H. Rogan, Dataset for \u201cAbradable DEM: a novel framework to capture the mechanistic evolution of particle shape\u201d, 2025, (Edinburgh DataShare). 10.7488\/ds\/8027.","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.5915994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0062","first-page":"483","article-title":"Untersuchungen \u00fcber l\u00e4ngen-und Querprofil geschiebef\u00fchrender Fl\u00fcsse","volume":"25","author":"Sternberg","year":"1875","journal-title":"Z. f\u00fcr Bauwes."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2614(84)80098-6","article-title":"Stochastic boundary conditions for molecular dynamics simulations of ST2 water","volume":"105","author":"Br\u00fcnger","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chem. Phys. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0064","series-title":"Fluidized Bed Technologies for Near-Zero Emission Combustion and Gasification","article-title":"Particle characterization and behavior relevant to fluidized bed combustion and gasification systems","author":"Wang","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.powtec.2013.11.023","article-title":"A study on the influence of particle shape and shape approximation on particle mechanics in a rotating drum using the discrete element method","volume":"253","author":"H\u00f6hner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Powder Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compgeo.2022.105072","article-title":"DEM contact model for spherical and polyhedral particles based on energy conservation","volume":"153","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Comput. Geotech."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4979","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-021-09568-9","article-title":"Theories and applications of CFD\u2013DEM coupling approach for granular flow: a review","volume":"28","author":"El-Emam","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Comput. Methods Eng"}],"container-title":["Computer Physics Communications"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010465526002018?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0010465526002018?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T13:11:56Z","timestamp":1781615516000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0010465526002018"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0010465526002018"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219","relation":{},"ISSN":["0010-4655"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0010-4655","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Abradable DEM: A novel framework to capture the mechanistic evolution of particle shape","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Physics Communications","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpc.2026.110219","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"110219"}}