{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T22:06:16Z","timestamp":1779228376364,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005302","name":"University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005302","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004681","name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004681","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Computer Speech &amp; Language"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T00:19:02Z","timestamp":1771028342000},"page":"101953","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cross-linguistic analysis of prosodic features based on wavelet prominence: A study of L2 English and L1 Sindhi lexical stress using large language &amp; deep learning models"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"100","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0481-2992","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdul Malik","family":"Abbasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Imtiaz","family":"Husain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0010","first-page":"749","article-title":"Phonetic analysis of lexical stress in Sindhi","volume":"47","author":"Abbasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sindh Univ. Res. J.-SURJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0011","first-page":"09","article-title":"The role of pitch between stress and intonation in Sindhi","volume":"17","author":"Abbasi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annual Res. J. English Lang. Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0008","series-title":"Proceedings of PACLIC","article-title":"Lexical stress pattern analysis of Sindhi","author":"Abbasi","year":"2010"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.5539\/ijel.v8n2p92","article-title":"A perceptual study of phonological variations in Pakistani English","volume":"8","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Engl. Linguist."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5539\/ijel.v8n3p101","article-title":"Awareness of L2 American English word stress: implications for teaching speakers of Indo-Aryan languages","volume":"8","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Engl. Linguist."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5539\/ijel.v8n4p115","article-title":"An acoustic investigation of Pakistani and American English vowels","volume":"8","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Engl. Linguist."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.5539\/ijel.v8n5p27","article-title":"Acoustic characteristics of Pakistani English vowel sounds","volume":"8","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Engl. Linguist."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.2478\/jolace-2018-0023","article-title":"Experimental phonetics and phonology in Indo-Aryan & European languages","volume":"6","author":"Abbasi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Language Cultur. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0012","first-page":"374","article-title":"An acoustic analysis of vowel sounds in Kachchi Sindhi","volume":"5","author":"Abbasi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Linguist. Literat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s41701-024-00180-3","article-title":"An experiment on lexical stress in Pakistani English speech","volume":"9","author":"Abbasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Corpus Pragmatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.specom.2024.103174","article-title":"Investigating voice onset time in Pakistani English speech","volume":"168","author":"Abbasi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Speech. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0019","series-title":"wav2vec 2.0: A framework for self-supervised learning of speech representations","author":"Baevski","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib43","series-title":"Encyclopedia of linguistics","article-title":"Sindhi","author":"Cole","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0020","series-title":"The handbook of speech perception","article-title":"Lexical stress","author":"Cutler","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daneshfar, F., & Kabudian, S. J. (2021). Speech emotion recognition system by quaternion nonlinear echo state network. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111.07234.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSPIS54653.2021.9729337"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0004","article-title":"The acoustic basis of lexical stress","author":"Eriksson","year":"2018","journal-title":"9th Int. Conf. Speech Prosody"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908022","article-title":"Duration and intensity as physical correlates of linguistic stress","volume":"27","author":"Fry","year":"1955","journal-title":"Journal of the Acoustical Society of America"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0024","series-title":"HuBERT: Self-supervised speech representation learning by masked prediction of hidden units","author":"Hsu","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0026","article-title":"An acoustic analysis of sentence level prominence in Pakistani English speech","author":"Khan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Speech. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0027","series-title":"Intonational phonology","author":"Ladd","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib44","series-title":"Ethnologue: Languages of the world","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1121\/1.1908095","article-title":"Some acoustic correlates of word stress in American English","author":"Lieberman","year":"1960","journal-title":"J. Acoust. Soc. Am."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0029","series-title":"Automatic lexical stress prediction using BiLSTM and CNNs","author":"Liu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0018","series-title":"Proc.INTERSPEECH 2011","first-page":"2413","article-title":"On the use of the rhythmogram for automatic syllabic prominence detection","volume":"2011","author":"Ludusan","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1177\/0265532214526177","article-title":"Native speakers\u2019 perceptions of fluency and accent in L2 speech","volume":"31","author":"Pinget","year":"2014","journal-title":"Language Test."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0036","series-title":"Natural TTS synthesis by conditioning WaveNet on mel spectrogram predictions","author":"Shen","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2016.11.001","article-title":"Hierarchical representation and estimation of prosody using continuous wavelet transform","volume":"45","author":"Suni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Speech. Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csl.2016.11.001","article-title":"Hierarchical representation and estimation of prosody using continuous wavelet transform","volume":"45","author":"Suni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Comput. Speech. Lang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0037","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hierarchical prosodic features using CWT","volume":"97","author":"Suni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Speech. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0039","first-page":"1","article-title":"Hierarchical prosodic features using CWT","volume":"97","author":"Suni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Speech. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0030","series-title":"TRASP 2013-Tools and Resources for the Analysis of Speech Prosody, An Interspeech 2013 satellite event, August 30, 2013, Laboratoire Parole et Language, Aix-en-Provence, France, Proceedings","article-title":"Continuous wavelet transforms for analysis of speech prosody","author":"Vainio","year":"2013"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0040","article-title":"KurdSM: transformer-based model for Kurdish abstractive text summarization with an annotated corpus","volume":"20","author":"Yamini","year":"2024","journal-title":"Iran. J. Electr. Electr. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953_bib0041","series-title":"Neural modeling of non-native prosody in L2 English","author":"Zhang","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Computer Speech &amp; Language"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0885230826000161?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0885230826000161?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T21:13:03Z","timestamp":1779225183000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0885230826000161"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":33,"alternative-id":["S0885230826000161"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-2308"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-2308","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cross-linguistic analysis of prosodic features based on wavelet prominence: A study of L2 English and L1 Sindhi lexical stress using large language & deep learning models","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Computer Speech & Language","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.csl.2026.101953","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101953"}}