{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T08:08:39Z","timestamp":1780387719241,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T20:25:03Z","timestamp":1752611103000},"page":"e00445","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The VR technology-based image restoration of Manchu traditional lifestyle and culture"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Jin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abu Bakar Bin Abd","family":"Hamid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arniatul Aiza Binti","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanli","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2022.121604","article-title":"Intelligent cathedrals: using augmented reality, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence to provide an intense cultural, historical, and religious visitor experience","volume":"178","author":"Allal-Ch\u00e9rif","year":"2022","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3539","DOI":"10.3390\/app13063539","article-title":"Augmented and virtual reality to enhance the didactical experience of technological heritage museums","volume":"13","author":"Bachiller","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3390\/ijgi12020028","article-title":"Interactive and immersive digital representation for virtual museum: vr and ar for semantic enrichment of museo nazionale romano, antiquarium di lucrezia romana and antiquarium di villa dei quintili","volume":"12","author":"Banfi","year":"2023","journal-title":"ISPRS Int. J. GeoInf."},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib5","first-page":"143","article-title":"The sacra Infermeria\u2014A focus group evaluation of an augmented reality cultural heritage experience","volume":"28","author":"Barbara","year":"2023","journal-title":"New Rev. Hypermedia Multimedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib6","series-title":"Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2023. ENTER 2023. Springer Proceedings in Business and Economics","first-page":"312","article-title":"Back in time with immersive heritage tourism experience: a study of virtual reality in archaeological sites","author":"Bideci","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib7","series-title":"Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Education Technology, Management and Humanities Science","first-page":"469","article-title":"The important role of traditional sports culture in promoting the development of the sports population","author":"Bin","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/buildings13020410","article-title":"Virtual representations of cultural heritage: sharable and implementable case study to be enjoyed and maintained by the community","volume":"13","author":"Bolognesi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Buildings"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib9","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Culture, Design and Social Development (CDSD 2022)","first-page":"598","article-title":"Discussion on the application of virtual technology in museum display design","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpubeco.2023.104843","article-title":"Competence-loyalty tradeoff under dominant minority rule: the case of Manchu rule, 1650-1911","volume":"220","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Publ. Econ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12020315","article-title":"Designing immersive virtual reality simulation for environmental science education","volume":"12","author":"Cho","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1093\/hwj\/dbz031","article-title":"Life histories and national narratives: remembering occupied manchuria in postwar China","volume":"88","author":"Dryburgh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hist. Workshop J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib16","first-page":"150","article-title":"Knowing manchuria: environments, the senses, and natural knowledge on an Asian borderland","volume":"96","author":"DuBois","year":"2023","journal-title":"By Ruth Rogaski. Pac. Aff."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3390\/cli11030071","article-title":"The little ice age and the fall of the ming dynasty: a review","volume":"11","author":"Fan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Climate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib18","series-title":"Springer Handbook of Augmented Reality","first-page":"391","article-title":"Augmented reality for cultural heritage","author":"Fanini","year":"2023"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3814","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20053814","article-title":"An educational game to teach children about air quality using augmented reality and tangible interaction with sensors","volume":"20","author":"Fernandes","year":"2023","journal-title":"IJERPH"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1080\/02757206.2019.1612747","article-title":"Cross-cultural contact in manchuria: approaches to lives in between, 1900s\u20131950s","volume":"30","author":"Gamsa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Hist. Anthropol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib22","first-page":"160","article-title":"The etymology of \u201cManchu\u201d: a critical evaluation of the riverside hypothesis","volume":"4","author":"H\u00f6lzl","year":"2023","journal-title":"JEAL"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib23","article-title":"Augmented reality used in cultural heritage: a systematic review","author":"Ibi\u015f","year":"2023","journal-title":"Research Square"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1109\/THMS.2022.3232133","article-title":"Design of traditional cultural experiences using augmented reality based on environmental presence","volume":"53","author":"Ieiri","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Hum.-Mach. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.3390\/digital3010002","article-title":"Location-based augmented reality for cultural heritage education: creating educational, gamified location-based ar applications for the prehistoric lake settlement of dispilio","volume":"3","author":"Kleftodimos","year":"2023","journal-title":"Digital"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1108\/JOSM-12-2021-0481","article-title":"Immersive netnography: a novel method for service experience research in virtual reality, augmented reality and metaverse contexts","volume":"34","author":"Kozinets","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Serv. Manag."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics12040835","article-title":"Gamified learning and assessment using ARCS with next-generation AIoMT integrated 3D animation and virtual reality simulation","volume":"12","author":"Kumar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.26689\/jard.v4i1.1006","article-title":"Application of decoration culture of traditional manchu residence in architectural landscape design","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"JARD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib30","series-title":"Immersive Education: Designing for Learning","first-page":"123","article-title":"The XR ABC framework: fostering immersive learning through augmented and virtual realities","author":"Lion-Bailey","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib31","series-title":"Immersive Education: Designing for Learning","first-page":"1","article-title":"Introduction: meaningful immersive learning in education","author":"Lock","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib32","first-page":"29","article-title":"Research on the problems and countermeasures in the development of kedong manchu embroidery under the strategy of rural revitalization","volume":"5","author":"Ma","year":"2022","journal-title":"Agric. Forest. Econ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s40692-023-00262-2","article-title":"Engaging students in virtual tours to learn a language and digital literacy","volume":"10","author":"Ng","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Comput. Educ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib36","series-title":"Time and Language: New Sinology and Chinese History","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10639-022-11561-z","article-title":"Analysis of virtual museums in terms of design and perception of presence","volume":"28","author":"Tatl\u0131","year":"2023","journal-title":"Educ. Inf. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib38","article-title":"PoeticAR: reviving traditional poetry of the heritage site of jichang garden via augmented reality","author":"Tian","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Hum.-Comput. Interact."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.3390\/mti7010002","article-title":"\u201cAR the gods of olympus\u201d: design and pilot evaluation of an augmented reality educational game for Greek mythology","volume":"7","author":"Ventoulis","year":"2023","journal-title":"Multimodal Technol. Interact."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhg.2023.10.002","article-title":"Fragmented geographies: Tada Fumio and the Japanese empire in Manchuria, Menjiang and Korea","volume":"83","author":"Winstanley-Chesters","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Hist. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib43","first-page":"142","article-title":"Research on the protection and development of historical and cultural resources based on augmented reality technology","volume":"100","author":"Xiao","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib44","series-title":"2019 5th International Conference on Economics, Management and Humanities Science (ECOMHS 2019)","first-page":"472","article-title":"Analysis of Manchu Shaman music cultural form from the perspective of art","author":"Xintong","year":"2019"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib45","first-page":"126","article-title":"Inheritance and development of Manchu folk embroidery art","volume":"2","author":"Yu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Appl. Decis. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1163\/24684791-12340022","article-title":"The comprehensive Manchu\u2013Han Banquet: history, myth, and development","volume":"22","author":"Yue","year":"2018","journal-title":"MQYJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib47","first-page":"162","article-title":"A study on the characteristics of traditional Manchu dwellings in Northeast China","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pollack Period."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib48","first-page":"63","article-title":"Exploration of environmental art design education in the context of manchu culture","volume":"8","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"World Sci. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3390\/su10020563","article-title":"Using toponyms to analyze the endangered Manchu language in Northeast China","volume":"10","author":"Zhu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"}],"container-title":["Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212054825000475?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2212054825000475?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T07:47:29Z","timestamp":1780386449000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2212054825000475"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S2212054825000475"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445","relation":{},"ISSN":["2212-0548"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2212-0548","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The VR technology-based image restoration of Manchu traditional lifestyle and culture","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.daach.2025.e00445","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"e00445"}}