{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T21:57:02Z","timestamp":1775685422427,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,11]],"date-time":"2025-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754870400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007957","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KJZD-K202202402"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KJZD-K202202402"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007957","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004502","name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["A2023-62"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["A2023-62"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004502","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012494","name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012494","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022NSCQ-LZX0191"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022NSCQ-LZX0191"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005230","name":"Chongqing Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["cstc2024ycjh-bgzxm003"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digital Communications and Networks"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T15:35:44Z","timestamp":1756308944000},"page":"343-353","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Low-complexity APSK demodulation algorithm based on K-means clustering in LEO satellite communication systems"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guangfu","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-8004-2638","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiangrui","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Changlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Biqun","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1109\/OJIES.2024.3454010","article-title":"Real-time cyber-physical digital twin for low Earth orbit satellite constellation network enhanced wide-area power grid","volume":"5","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Ind. Electron. Soc."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1109\/JRFID.2021.3079475","article-title":"Comparison of meo, leo, and terrestrial iot configurations in terms of gdop and achievable positioning accuracies","volume":"5","author":"Ferre","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Radio Freq. Identif."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2020.12.011","article-title":"System integration of terrestrial mobile communication and satellite communication\u2014the trends, challenges and key technologies in b5g and 6g","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0040","series-title":"2021 19th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Research status of typical satellite communication systems","author":"Yuxuan","year":"2021"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2022.01.006","article-title":"6g service coverage with mega satellite constellations","volume":"19","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0060","series-title":"2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronic Technology, Communication and Information (ICETCI)","first-page":"742","article-title":"Research and application exploration of 6g communication network system architecture","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0070","first-page":"69","article-title":"Concept and evaluation of 5g backhauling via Starlink","volume":"vol. 2022","author":"Heine","year":"2022"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/MVT.2022.3219999","article-title":"Positioning and sensing in 6g: gaps, challenges, and opportunities","volume":"18","author":"Behravan","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1109\/OJCOMS.2020.3010270","article-title":"6g wireless communication systems: applications, requirements, technologies, challenges, and research directions","volume":"1","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Open J. Commun. Soc."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8984","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3357573","article-title":"On hybrid radar fusion for integrated sensing and communication","volume":"23","author":"Chowdary","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1109\/JSAC.2025.3531533","article-title":"Low dynamic range for ris-aided bistatic integrated sensing and communication","volume":"43","author":"Bazzi","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0120","series-title":"2019 International Symposium on Advanced Electrical and Communication Technologies (ISAECT)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Global aggregated traffic model for leo satellite constellation iot network","author":"Qu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0130","series-title":"Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks","first-page":"145","article-title":"Towards long-lasting nanoscale wireless communications in the terahertz band for biomedical applications","author":"Musa","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0140","series-title":"Ad-Hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks","first-page":"71","article-title":"A dual-stack communication system for the Internet of drones","author":"Boccadoro","year":"2020"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2396","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2006.1687763","article-title":"Performance analysis of turbo-coded apsk modulations over nonlinear satellite channels","volume":"5","author":"De Gaudenzi","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2010.04.092086","article-title":"Analysis of ber performance in presence of nonlinear distortion due to pd-hpa in downlink ds-cdma signals","volume":"14","author":"Helaly","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4315","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2015.2430855","article-title":"Low-complexity ml detection for spatial modulation mimo with apsk constellation","volume":"64","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2005.861013","article-title":"Dvb-s2: the second generation standard for satellite broad-band services","volume":"94","author":"Morello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. IEEE"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2015.2448355","article-title":"A green tdma scheduling algorithm for prolonging lifetime in wireless sensor networks","volume":"11","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4695","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2023.3237783","article-title":"Joint user grouping and resource allocation for leo satellite multicast","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4357","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2021.3096898","article-title":"Maximum a posteriori probability (map) joint fine frequency offset and channel estimation for mimo systems with channels of arbitrary correlation","volume":"69","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1109\/TIM.2007.894228","article-title":"An improved max-log-map algorithm for turbo decoding and turbo equalization","volume":"56","author":"Talakoub","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3360","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2009.080208","article-title":"Performance of m-psk in mobile satellite communication over combined ionospheric scintillation and flat fading channels with mrc diversity","volume":"8","author":"Supnithi","year":"2009","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0240","series-title":"Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering 2004 (IEEE Cat. No. 04CH37513)","first-page":"1187","article-title":"Performance evaluation and total degradation of 16-qam modulations over satellite channels","author":"AbdulHussein","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0250","series-title":"2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Communication Engineering (ICECE)","first-page":"107","article-title":"Review on the research of k-means clustering algorithm in big data","author":"Jie","year":"2020"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2011.101211.111825","article-title":"Apsk constellation with gray mapping","volume":"15","author":"Liu","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0270","series-title":"2007 6th International Conference on Information, Communications & Signal Processing","first-page":"1","article-title":"Improved performance of apsk modulation scheme for satellite system","author":"Kim","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0280","series-title":"2019 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN)","first-page":"1","article-title":"An improved method of ps-qpsk based on kmeans for optical systems","author":"Ma","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0290","series-title":"2021 11th International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing (ICICIP)","first-page":"165","article-title":"An improved global k-means clustering algorithm","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0300","series-title":"2012 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems","first-page":"179","article-title":"A geometrical approach for highly efficient soft demodulation of rotated constellations","author":"Li","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0310","series-title":"2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT)","first-page":"157","article-title":"An improved simplified soft demodulation algorithm for 64qam signal","author":"Mao","year":"2020"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0320","first-page":"61","article-title":"Accurate methods for the statistics of surprise and coincidence","volume":"19","author":"Ted","year":"1993","journal-title":"Comput. Linguist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0330","series-title":"Proceedings of ICC\/SUPERCOMM'94 - 1994 International Conference on Communications","first-page":"645","article-title":"Turbo-codes and high spectral efficiency modulation","author":"Le Goff","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0340","series-title":"14th IEEE Proceedings on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications","first-page":"424","article-title":"Improved max-log map turbo decoding using maximum mutual information combining","author":"Claussen","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0350","series-title":"2015 International Siberian Conference on Control and Communications (SIBCON)","first-page":"1","article-title":"A novel suboptimal piecewise-linear-log-map algorithm for turbo decoding","author":"Ivanov","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0360","first-page":"837","article-title":"On the nondata-aided maximum likelihood phase error detectors for 16- and 32-apsk","volume":"59","author":"Rice","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0370","series-title":"2024 32nd European Signal Processing Conference (EUSIPCO)","first-page":"2132","article-title":"Matching Saleh and Volterra series model","author":"Louchart","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002_br0380","series-title":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications Workshops (ICC Workshops)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Channel estimation and equalization for cp-ofdm-based otfs in fractional Doppler channels","author":"Hashimoto","year":"2021"}],"container-title":["Digital Communications and Networks"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352864825001282?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2352864825001282?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T20:54:14Z","timestamp":1775681654000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2352864825001282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S2352864825001282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2352-8648"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2352-8648","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Low-complexity APSK demodulation algorithm based on K-means clustering in LEO satellite communication systems","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digital Communications and Networks","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dcan.2025.08.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}