{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:58:54Z","timestamp":1780880334102,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015789","name":"Dalian High-Level Talent Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022RJ03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022RJ03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015789","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24B20159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24B20159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013099","name":"Scientific Research Fund of Liaoning Provincial Education Department","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LJ212410150036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LJ212410150036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013099","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Displays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,7]],"date-time":"2026-04-07T15:16:19Z","timestamp":1775574979000},"page":"103472","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["YOLO-GFE: Bolt detection and looseness angle estimation with geometry-guided feature enhancement"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Henan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronghua","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4830","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-89290-9","article-title":"Real-time detection of loosening torque in bolted joints using piezoresistive pressure-sensitive layer based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes reinforced epoxy nanocomposites","volume":"15","author":"Sanli","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1590\/1679-78254231","article-title":"A review paper on looseness detection methods in bolted structures","volume":"14","author":"Nikravesh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lat. Am. J. Solids Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymssp.2024.112114","article-title":"Loosening state monitoring and identification of multi-bolted flange joints based on nonlinear wave energy transmission","volume":"224","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Mech. Syst. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultras.2025.107601","article-title":"Multiple bolt looseness detection using SH-typed guided waves: Integrating physical mechanism with monitoring data","volume":"150","author":"Sui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ultrasonics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3871","DOI":"10.1177\/14759217231158297","article-title":"Full-range bolt preload monitoring with multi-resolution using the time shifts of the direct wave and coda waves","volume":"22","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Struct. Health Monit."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2016.2577031","article-title":"Faster R-CNN: Towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks","volume":"39","author":"Ren","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b7","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"21","article-title":"Ssd: Single shot multibox detector","author":"Liu","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b8","series-title":"YOLOv6: A single-stage object detection framework for industrial applications","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"C.-Y. Wang, A. Bochkovskiy, H.-Y.M. Liao, YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2023, pp. 7464\u20137475.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.00721"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2024.102948","article-title":"SDG-YOLOv8: Single-domain generalized object detection based on domain diversity in traffic road scenes","volume":"87","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Displays"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b11","series-title":"European Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"1","article-title":"Yolov9: Learning what you want to learn using programmable gradient information","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b12","series-title":"Yolov12: Attention-centric real-time object detectors","author":"Tian","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.110765","article-title":"Subtle defect detection network: more accurately detect subtle defects on the printed circuit board surface","volume":"152","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113415","article-title":"A printed circuit board surface defect detection method for long-tail and multi-scale scenarios","volume":"165","author":"Li","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b15","series-title":"Deformable detr: Deformable transformers for end-to-end object detection","author":"Zhu","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b16","series-title":"Dino: Detr with improved denoising anchor boxes for end-to-end object detection","author":"Zhang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Zhao, W. Lv, S. Xu, J. Wei, G. Wang, Q. Dang, Y. Liu, J. Chen, Detrs beat yolos on real-time object detection, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2024, pp. 16965\u201316974.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.01605"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2024.105363","article-title":"Automated detection of railway defective fasteners based on YOLOv8-fam and synthetic data using style transfer","volume":"162","author":"Qiu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b19","article-title":"KCDet: Keypoint clustering detector for small bolt defect detection in power line inspection","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-81386-y","article-title":"YOLOv7-CWFD for real time detection of bolt defects on transmission lines","volume":"15","author":"Peng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b21","article-title":"Multi-scale CNN-transformer hybrid network for rail fastener defect detection","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2025.103544","article-title":"AirboardNet: A UAV onboard girder inspection approach for high-speed railroad bridge using multi-task knowledge distillation","volume":"67","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11441","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-62560-8","article-title":"A novel anti-loosening bolt looseness diagnosis of bolt connections using a vision-based technique","volume":"14","author":"Luo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2024.105785","article-title":"Bolt loosening angle measurement along full range of screw exposure length based on 3D point cloud","volume":"168","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2025.106375","article-title":"Automatic detection and 3D pose reconstruction of loose bolts with rotation angle quantification using a calibration-free monocular camera","volume":"177","author":"Cui","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113337","article-title":"Flange bolt loosening detection using an improved you only look once version 8 method and angle estimation","volume":"164","author":"Gao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b27","series-title":"When semantic segmentation meets frequency aliasing","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Chen, L. Gu, D. Zheng, Y. Fu, Frequency-adaptive dilated convolution for semantic segmentation, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, 2024, pp. 3414\u20133425.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52733.2024.00328"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b29","article-title":"Spatial frequency modulation for semantic segmentation","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Chen, L. Gu, L. Li, C. Yan, Y. Fu, Frequency dynamic convolution for dense image prediction, in: Proceedings of the Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Conference, 2025, pp. 30178\u201330188.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52734.2025.02809"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L. Chen, L. Gu, Y. Fu, Frequency-dynamic attention modulation for dense prediction, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, 2025, pp. 22620\u201322632.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51701.2025.02100"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10763","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2024.3449959","article-title":"Frequency-aware feature fusion for dense image prediction","volume":"46","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"W. Liu, H. Lu, H. Fu, Z. Cao, Learning to upsample by learning to sample, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, 2023, pp. 6027\u20136037.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00554"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Wang, K. Chen, R. Xu, Z. Liu, C.C. Loy, D. Lin, Carafe: Content-aware reassembly of features, in: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision, 2019, pp. 3007\u20133016.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.00310"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32348","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18263-9","article-title":"Object detection model of vehicle-road cooperative autonomous driving based on improved YOLO11 algorithm","volume":"15","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13634-025-01253-4","article-title":"YOLO-DD: a lightweight framework for UAV detection in complex environments via boundary-aware fusion","volume":"2025","author":"Zheng","year":"2025","journal-title":"EURASIP J. Adv. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b37","series-title":"ICSETPSD 2023: Proceedings of the First International Conference on Science, Engineering and Technology Practices for Sustainable Development, ICSETPSD 2023, 17th-18th November 2023, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India","first-page":"143","article-title":"A novel full-angle detection method for bolt loosening based on color segmentation","author":"Kang","year":"2024"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/cpe.7713","article-title":"Bolt looseness detection based on canny edge detection algorithm","volume":"35","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"Concurr. Comput.: Pr. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autcon.2022.104517","article-title":"Detection of loosening angle for mark bolted joints with computer vision and geometric imaging","volume":"142","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Autom. Constr."}],"container-title":["Displays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141938226001356?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141938226001356?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T00:14:54Z","timestamp":1780877694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141938226001356"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S0141938226001356"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9382","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"YOLO-GFE: Bolt detection and looseness angle estimation with geometry-guided feature enhancement","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Displays","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103472","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103472"}}