{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:21:37Z","timestamp":1783149697687,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002338","name":"Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002338","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013139","name":"Humanities and Social Science Fund of Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22YJA760015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22YJA760015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013139","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Displays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T05:35:24Z","timestamp":1777527324000},"page":"103505","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Active follow: optimizing user interface placement in dynamic extended reality environments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Jingzhe","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4855-5868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhanxun","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-023-00850-8","article-title":"Inclusive Immersion: a review of efforts to improve accessibility in virtual reality, augmented reality and the metaverse","volume":"27","author":"Dudley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0010","first-page":"659","article-title":"The challenges of entering the metaverse: an experiment on the effect of extended reality on workload","volume":"25","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inf. Syst. Front."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0015","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Born to run, programmed to play: mapping the extended reality exergames landscape","author":"Karaosmanoglu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0020","series-title":"Spatial Constancy of Surface-Embedded Layouts across Multiple Environments","first-page":"65","author":"Ens","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2018 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optispace: automated placement of interactive 3d projection mapping content","author":"Fender","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y.F. Cheng, C. Gebhardt, C. Holz, InteractionAdapt: Interaction-driven Workspace Adaptation for Situated Virtual Reality Environments, in: Proceedings of the 36th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, ACM, San Francisco CA USA, 2023, pp. 1\u201314, doi: 10.1145\/3586183.3606717.","DOI":"10.1145\/3586183.3606717"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Y. Cheng, Y. Yan, X. Yi, Y. Shi, D. Lindlbauer, SemanticAdapt: Optimization-based Adaptation of Mixed Reality Layouts Leveraging Virtual-Physical Semantic Connections, in: The 34th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology, ACM, Virtual Event USA, 2021: pp. 282\u2013297, doi: 10.1145\/3472749.3474750.","DOI":"10.1145\/3472749.3474750"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0040","first-page":"1","article-title":"Personalized smart immersive XR environments: a systematic literature review","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vis. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0045","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2025 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"\u201cThrough the Looking Glass, and What We Found There\u201d: a comprehensive study of user experiences with pass-through devices in everyday activities","author":"Kim","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0050","series-title":"Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","first-page":"93","article-title":"SUPPLE: automatically generating user interfaces","author":"Gajos","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1109\/TSE.2004.40","article-title":"Design and development of multidevice user interfaces through multiple logical descriptions","volume":"30","author":"Mori","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0060","series-title":"Proceedings of the 29th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces","first-page":"660","article-title":"FrameKit: a tool for authoring adaptive UIs using keyframes","author":"Wu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0065","series-title":"Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction 1","first-page":"1","article-title":"User interface optimization using genetic programming with an application to landing pages","author":"Salem","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0070","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Spacewalker: rapid UI design exploration using lightweight markup enhancement and crowd genetic programming","author":"Zhong","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0075","series-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE 108","first-page":"434","article-title":"Combinatorial optimization of graphical user interface designs","author":"Oulasvirta","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0080","series-title":"Proceedings of the 18th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","first-page":"173","article-title":"Preference elicitation for interface optimization","author":"Gajos","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0085","series-title":"Auit\u2013the Adaptive User Interfaces Toolkit for Designing Xr Applications, in","first-page":"1","author":"Evangelista Belo","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0090","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"XRgonomics: facilitating the creation of ergonomic 3D interfaces, in","author":"Evangelista Belo","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-022-00672-0","article-title":"A narrative review of immersive virtual reality\u2019s ergonomics and risks at the workplace: cybersickness, visual fatigue, muscular fatigue, acute stress, and mental overload","volume":"27","author":"Souchet","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0100","series-title":"Exploring Spatial UI Transition Mechanisms with Head-Worn Augmented Reality","author":"Lu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0105","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2024 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Minexr: mining personalized extended reality interfaces","author":"Cho","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8900","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3583745","article-title":"Integrating user input in automated object placement for augmented reality","volume":"31","author":"Safari Bazargani","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13030","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3528422","article-title":"Object placement across robotics, image composition, and XR: a mixed reality framework proposal","volume":"13","author":"Safari Bazargani","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0120","series-title":"Proceedings of the 37th Annual ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology","first-page":"1","article-title":"Situationadapt: Contextual ui optimization in mixed reality with situation awareness via llm reasoning","author":"Li","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0125","series-title":"Consumed Endurance: a Metric to Quantify Arm Fatigue of mid-Air Interactions","first-page":"1063","author":"Hincapi\u00e9-Ramos","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-6870(93)90080-S","article-title":"RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders","volume":"24","author":"McAtamney","year":"1993","journal-title":"Appl. Ergon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1504\/IJTMKT.2019.104600","article-title":"User experience design for mixed reality: a case study of HoloLens in museum","volume":"13","author":"Hammady","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Technol. Mark."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1167\/8.1.16","article-title":"Apparent contrast differs across the vertical meridian: Visual and attentional factors","volume":"8","author":"Fuller","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-022-00684-w","article-title":"The effect of wearing a head-mounted display on the boundaries of the cervical range of motion based on perceived comfort in a static posture","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0150","unstructured":"Microsoft, Near Menu. https:\/\/learn.microsoft.com\/en-us\/windows\/mixed-reality\/mrtk-unity\/mrtk3-uxcomponents\/packages\/uxcomponents\/near-menu, 2022 (accessed July 16, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0155","series-title":"Beginning Windows Mixed Reality Programming: for HoloLens and Mixed Reality Headsets","first-page":"85","article-title":"Introduction to the mixed reality toolkit","author":"Ong","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0160","unstructured":"Unity Technologies, XR Interaction Toolkit. https:\/\/docs.unity3d.com\/Packages\/com.unity.xr.interaction.toolkit@3.2\/manual\/index.html, 2025 (accessed July 16, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0165","unstructured":"Unity Technologies, Lazy Follow. https:\/\/docs.unity3d.com\/Packages\/com.unity.xr.interaction.toolkit@3.2\/manual\/lazy-follow.html, 2025 (accessed July 16, 2025)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0170","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization, Ergonomics of human-system interaction Part 5: Workstation layout and postural requirements, ISO 9241-5:2024, 2024."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0175","series-title":"Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"A Fitts\u2019 Law Study of Gaze-Hand Alignment for selection in 3D User Interfaces","author":"Wagner","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0180","first-page":"29","article-title":"SUS: a retrospective","volume":"8","author":"Brooke","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Usability Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"A. Ullal, C. Watkins, N. Sarkar, A Dynamically Weighted Multi-Objective Optimization Approach to Positional Interactions in Remote-Local Augmented\/Mixed Reality, in: 2021 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR), 2021: pp. 29\u201337, doi: 10.1109\/AIVR52153.2021.00014.","DOI":"10.1109\/AIVR52153.2021.00014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0190","series-title":"Preference-Guided Multi-Objective UI Adaptation","author":"Song","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3194","DOI":"10.1109\/TVCG.2025.3549147","article-title":"ViDDAR: vision language model-based task-detrimental content detection for augmented reality","volume":"31","author":"Xiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph."}],"container-title":["Displays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014193822600168X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S014193822600168X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T07:05:23Z","timestamp":1783148723000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S014193822600168X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":39,"alternative-id":["S014193822600168X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9382","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Active follow: optimizing user interface placement in dynamic extended reality environments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Displays","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103505","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103505"}}