{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:09:01Z","timestamp":1780664941382,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013058","name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013058","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Displays"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T15:47:03Z","timestamp":1780415223000},"page":"103564","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Research on SSVEP-BCI technology based on LCD partition backlight visual stimulator"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuefei","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hangyu","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-8017-4347","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0005","first-page":"464","article-title":"A single-stimulus, multitarget BCI based on retinotopic mapping of motion-onset VEPs","volume":"66","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"I.E.E.E. Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1021\/acsaom.3c00431","article-title":"Bionic vision processing for epiretinal implant-based metaverse","volume":"2","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Opt. Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"J. Henshaw, W. Liu, D.M. Romano, Improving SSVEP-BCI performance using pre-trial normalization methods, in: 2017 8th IEEE International Conference on Cognitive Infocommunications (CogInfoCom), 2017, pp. 247\u2013252.","DOI":"10.1109\/CogInfoCom.2017.8268251"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-63934-9.00009-3","article-title":"Brain-computer interfaces in neurologic rehabilitation practice","volume":"168","author":"Pichiorri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Handb. Clin. Neurol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1109\/JBHI.2021.3134024","article-title":"Multimodal biosensing for vestibular network-based cybersickness detection","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE J. Biomed. Health Inform."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7940","DOI":"10.3390\/su15107940","article-title":"Exploring artificial intelligence in smart education: real-time classroom behavior analysis with embedded devices","volume":"15","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3788\/AI.2025.10019","article-title":"Adaptive dominant eye-based binocular image processing for virtual reality","volume":"2","author":"Han","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10840","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2809453","article-title":"Brain-computer interface control in a virtual reality environment and applications for the internet of things","volume":"6","author":"Coogan","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1038\/s41551-024-01297-1","article-title":"Enhanced control of a brain\u2013computer interface by tetraplegic participants via neural-network-mediated feature extraction","volume":"9","author":"Haghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat. Biomed. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0050","unstructured":"R.-A. Ricardo, J. Beasse, C. Adrien, C. Dupont, M. Le Gall, J. Meunier, V. Lespinet-Najib, A. Jean-Marc, Comparison of two paradigms based on stimulation with images in a spelling brain\u2013computer interface, (2022)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98633","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2023.3313260","article-title":"A P300-based speller design using a MINMAX Riemannian geometry scheme and convolutional neural network","volume":"11","author":"Aghili","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0060","unstructured":"J. Jin, E.W. Sellers, S. Zhou, Y. Zhang, X. Wang, A. Cichocki, A P300 brain-computer interface based on a modification of the mismatch negativity paradigm, in: ETSU Faculty Works, Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030918","article-title":"How integration of a brain-machine interface and obstacle detection system can improve wheelchair control via movement imagery","volume":"24","author":"Kocejko","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-025-02710-6","article-title":"A comprehensive study of template-based frequency detection methods in SSVEP-based brain-computer interfaces","volume":"57","author":"Norizadeh Cherloo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2023.1133933","article-title":"A hybrid P300-SSVEP brain-computer interface speller with a frequency enhanced row and column paradigm","volume":"17","author":"Bai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.3003116","article-title":"Electrical spinal imaging: a noninvasive, high-resolution approach that enables electrophysiological mapping of the human spinal cord","volume":"23","author":"Gabrieli","year":"2025","journal-title":"PLoS Biol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2057-1976\/ad567f","article-title":"Narrow band-pass filtered canonical correlation analysis for frequency identification in SSVEP signals","volume":"10","author":"Janardhan Reddy","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Phys. Eng. Express"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3712259","article-title":"Toward the construction of affective brain\u2013computer interface: a systematic review","volume":"57","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACM Comput. Surv."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.3390\/s26072265","article-title":"A Cheonjiin Layout Mental Speller: developing a simple and cost-effective EEG-based brain\u2013computer interface system","volume":"26","author":"Ahn","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0100","first-page":"1","article-title":"A large dataset for VEP based brain-computer interfaces employing narrow-band code modulation and frequency-phase modulation","volume":"3","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Brain-Apparatus Communication: A Journal of Bacomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1080\/2326263X.2022.2134623","article-title":"Transfer learning assisted PodNet for stimulation frequency detection in steady state visually evoked potential-based BCI spellers","volume":"10","author":"Rostami","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain-Comput. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1862","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2017.2694818","article-title":"Enhancing detection of SSVEPs for a high-speed brain speller using task-related component analysis","volume":"65","author":"Nakanishi","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.23919\/JCC.2022.02.001","article-title":"A user-friendly SSVEP-based BCI using imperceptible phase-coded flickers at 60 Hz","volume":"19","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"China Commun."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/acf242","article-title":"A high-frequency SSVEP-BCI system based on a 360 Hz refresh rate","volume":"20","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2021.3080045","article-title":"A spatially-coded visual brain-computer interface for flexible visual spatial information decoding","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/abf397","article-title":"A comfortable steady state visual evoked potential stimulation paradigm using peripheral vision","volume":"18","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/acb50e","article-title":"A high-performance SSVEP-based BCI using imperceptible flickers","volume":"20","author":"Ming","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Neural Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0140","first-page":"1","article-title":"A subjective and objective fusion visual fatigue assessment system for different hardware and software parameters in SSVEP-based BCI applications","volume":"12","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4623","DOI":"10.3390\/s25154623","article-title":"Investigation of personalized visual stimuli via checkerboard patterns using flickering circles for SSVEP-Based BCI system","volume":"25","author":"Siribunyaphat","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-024-03023-7","article-title":"An open dataset for human SSVEPs in the frequency range of 1\u201360 Hz","volume":"11","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/2041669518787212","article-title":"The influence of physical illumination on lightness perception in simultaneous contrast displays","volume":"9","author":"Zavagno","year":"2018","journal-title":"I-Perception"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3492","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2023.3308779","article-title":"A calibration-free hybrid BCI speller system based on high-frequency SSVEP and sEMG","volume":"31","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0165","first-page":"259","article-title":"Study on frequency response characteristics of steady-state visual evoked potentials","volume":"37","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Beijing Biomed. Eng."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1007\/s11055-023-01496-4","article-title":"The contribution of adaptive optics to our understanding of the mechanisms of color vision in humans","volume":"53","author":"Maximova","year":"2023","journal-title":"Neurosci. Behav. Physiol."}],"container-title":["Displays"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141938226002271?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141938226002271?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T12:25:28Z","timestamp":1780662328000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141938226002271"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0141938226002271"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-9382"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-9382","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Research on SSVEP-BCI technology based on LCD partition backlight visual stimulator","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Displays","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2026.103564","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103564"}}