{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T22:11:38Z","timestamp":1780524698966,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digital Signal Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,28]],"date-time":"2026-05-28T16:09:42Z","timestamp":1779984582000},"page":"106290","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Distributed likelihood consensus particle filtering with Gaussian mixture model fusion"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"182","author":[{"given":"Xiaoxi","family":"Yan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3768-6985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenyi","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2021.3070299","article-title":"Estimator for multirate sampling systems with multiple random measurement time delays","volume":"67","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1145\/3473037","article-title":"An effective forest fire detection framework using heterogeneous wireless multimedia sensor networks","volume":"18","author":"Kizilkaya","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACM Trans. Multimed. Comput. Commun. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.inffus.2019.06.026","article-title":"Distributed estimation over a low-cost sensor network: a review of state-of-the-art","volume":"54","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inf. Fusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0004","series-title":"2021 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS)","first-page":"366","article-title":"Ship target tracking algorithm based on adaptive improvement unscented particle filter","author":"Zhou","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1109\/TMC.2020.3024939","article-title":"Toward a realistic approach for the deployment of 3D wireless sensor networks","volume":"21","author":"Saad","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2521","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSE.2022.3164833","article-title":"Distributed filtering for complex networks under multiple event-triggered transmissions within node-wise communications","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Netw. Sci. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1109\/MSP.2012.2219652","article-title":"Distributed particle filtering in agent networks: a survey, classification, and comparison","volume":"30","author":"Hlinka","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Mag."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4334","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2012.2196697","article-title":"Likelihood consensus and its application to distributed particle filtering","volume":"60","author":"Hlinka","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2006.889975","article-title":"Distributed sequential bayesian estimation of a diffusive source in wireless sensor networks","volume":"55","author":"Zhao","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0010","series-title":"2009IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","first-page":"2057","article-title":"Time-space-sequential algorithms for distributed Bayesian state estimation in serial sensor networks","author":"Hlinka","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0011","first-page":"346","article-title":"Mesh-based consensus distributed particle filtering for sensor networks","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Inf. Process. Netw."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1674","DOI":"10.1007\/s12555-025-0103-9","article-title":"Distributed filtering for complex networks under multi-component round-robin protocol and packet-length-dependent lossy network","volume":"23","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int. J. Control Autom. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0013","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distributed cooperative localization for unmanned systems using UWB\/INS integration in GNSS-denied environments","volume":"74","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0014","series-title":"ICASSP 2024 - 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","first-page":"13006","article-title":"Likelihood consensus 2.0: reducing interagent communication in distributed Bayesian target tracking","author":"Sausa","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2010.2067209","article-title":"Particle-based message passing algorithm for inference problems in wireless sensor networks","volume":"11","author":"Movaghati","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31324","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3446533","article-title":"Cooperative navigation for UAV swarm via simplified Gaussian particle-based belief propagation","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2905","DOI":"10.1007\/s10586-017-0913-5","article-title":"Distributed Gaussian mixture model-based particle filter method for chemical pollution source localization with sensor network","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clust. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0018","series-title":"2012IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","first-page":"3869","article-title":"Likelihood consensus-based distributed particle filtering with distributed proposal density adaptation","author":"Hlinka","year":"2012"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41623","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2024.3487194","article-title":"HGMMC: a space target detection algorithm based on hierarchical gaussian mixture model clustering","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.128735","article-title":"Spectral feature-informed difference multi-modes decomposition for compound bearing fault diagnosis","volume":"294","author":"Meng","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0021","series-title":"2014 48th Annual Conference on Information Sciences and Systems (CISS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distributed particle filter using Gaussian approximated likelihood function","author":"Ghirmai","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0022","series-title":"2009 Chinese Control and Decision Conference","first-page":"4333","article-title":"Consensus-based distributed particle filters in sensor networks","author":"Sadeghzadeh","year":"2009"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2313177","article-title":"Consensus bernoulli filter for distributed detection and tracking using multi-static doppler shifts","volume":"21","author":"Guldogan","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2014.2316258","article-title":"Parallel consensus on likelihoods and priors for networked nonlinear filtering","volume":"21","author":"Battistelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chaos.2025.117340","article-title":"Adaptive event-triggered robust distributed filter for nonlinear systems with non-stationary heavy-tailed noise","volume":"201","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chaos Solit. Fractals"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030769","article-title":"Event-triggered state filter estimation for nonlinear systems with packet dropout and correlated noise","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2016.2616544","article-title":"Security control for discrete-time stochastic nonlinear systems subject to deception attacks","volume":"48","author":"Ding","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2036","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2023.3317306","article-title":"Stability of consensus-Based distributed estimation under denial of service","volume":"69","author":"Battistelli","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patrec.2009.09.011","article-title":"Data clustering: 50 years beyond K-means","volume":"31","author":"Jain","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pattern Recognit. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/s24030769","article-title":"Event-Triggered State Filter Estimation for Nonlinear Systems with Packet Dropout and Correlated Noise","volume":"24","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0031","series-title":"2010 International Conference on Networking and Information Technology","first-page":"590","article-title":"The expectation-maximization algorithm: Gaussian case","author":"Iatan","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0032","series-title":"2023IEEE International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS)","first-page":"1","article-title":"Combining K-means and Gaussian mixture model for better accuracy in prediction of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)- breast cancer","author":"Singh","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0033","series-title":"2018 4th Annual International Conference on Network and Information Systems for Computers (ICNISC)","first-page":"401","article-title":"Accelerating EM missing data filling algorithm based on the K-Means","author":"Hua-Yan","year":"2018"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0034","first-page":"147","article-title":"Model selection for Gaussian mixture models","volume":"27","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stat. Sin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0035","first-page":"113","article-title":"Performance of Bayesian model selection criteria for gaussian mixture models","volume":"2","author":"Steele","year":"2010","journal-title":"Front. Stat. Decis. Mak. Bayesian Anal."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.automatica.2013.11.042","article-title":"Kullback\u2013Leibler average, consensus on probability densities, and distributed state estimation with guaranteed stability","volume":"50","author":"Battistelli","year":"2014","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0037","series-title":"2008 International Conference on Information and Automation","first-page":"302","article-title":"Consensus based distributed particle filter in sensor networks","author":"Gu","year":"2008"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0038","first-page":"280","article-title":"Distributed particle filtering via optimal fusion of gaussian mixtures","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Inf. Process. Netw."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1109\/78.978374","article-title":"A tutorial on particle filters for online nonlinear\/non-Gaussian Bayesian tracking","volume":"50","author":"Arulampalam","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0040","series-title":"Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Fusion","first-page":"820","article-title":"Centralized target tracking with propagation delayed measurements","author":"Mehmetcik","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0041","series-title":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing","first-page":"2577","article-title":"Particle state compression scheme for centralized memory-efficient particle filters","author":"Tian","year":"2013"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4629","DOI":"10.1175\/2008MWR2529.1","article-title":"Obstacles to high-dimensional particle filtering","volume":"136","author":"Snyder","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mon. Weather Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0043","series-title":"2018 IEEE 10th Sensor Array and Multichannel Signal Processing Workshop (SAM)","first-page":"6","article-title":"Linear-time joint probabilistic data association for multiple extended object tracking","author":"Yang","year":"2018"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3452","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2011.2140111","article-title":"A metric for performance evaluation of multi-target tracking algorithms","volume":"59","author":"Ristic","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."}],"container-title":["Digital Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051200426004082?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051200426004082?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T21:47:40Z","timestamp":1780523260000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1051200426004082"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1051200426004082"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-2004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-2004","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Distributed likelihood consensus particle filtering with Gaussian mixture model fusion","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digital Signal Processing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106290","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106290"}}