{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T07:24:37Z","timestamp":1787297077028,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Digital Signal Processing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T23:55:57Z","timestamp":1782431757000},"page":"106371","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["A new sparse MIMO radar array configuration: Fulfill hole-filling without lag overlap"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"183","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-2336-6280","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxing","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4751-6736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yougen","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2049264","article-title":"Nested arrays: a novel approach to array processing with enhanced degrees of freedom","volume":"58","author":"Pal","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2010.2089682","article-title":"Sparse sensing with coprime arrays","volume":"59","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/18.212309","article-title":"Difference bases and sparse sensor arrays","volume":"39","author":"Linebarger","year":"1993","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2897954","article-title":"MISC array: a new sparse array design achieving increased degrees of freedom and reduced mutual coupling effect","volume":"67","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0005","series-title":"IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and signal processing","first-page":"2976","article-title":"Super nested arrays: sparse arrays with less mutual coupling than nested arrays","author":"Liu","year":"2016"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5549","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2736493","article-title":"Augmented nested arrays with enhanced DOF and reduced mutual coupling","volume":"65","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1109\/JSYST.2022.3175766","article-title":"DoA estimation using generalized multicascaded subarrays configuration with increased degrees of freedom","volume":"17","author":"Shaikh","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Syst. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2021.103243","article-title":"A pentad-displaced ULAs configuration with hole-free co-array and increased degrees of freedom for direction of arrival estimation","volume":"118","author":"Shaikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Digit. Signal. Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1872","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3057403","article-title":"CAP-3 coprime array for DOA estimation with enhanced uniform degrees of freedom and reduced mutual coupling","volume":"25","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0010","article-title":"TS-CPA: a novel family of tri-shifted coprime array","author":"Shaikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sigpro.2023.109273","article-title":"Fragmented coprime arrays with optimal inter subarray spacing for DOA estimation: increased DOF and reduced mutual coupling","volume":"215","author":"Lai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2025.3563118","article-title":"Super fragmented coprime arrays for DOA estimation","volume":"32","author":"Shaikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEe Signal. Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2020.3044019","article-title":"Hole-free coprime array for DOA estimation: augmented uniform co-array","volume":"28","author":"Ma","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEe Signal. Process. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3317864","article-title":"Multi-layer filled coprime arrays for DOA estimation with extended hole-free coarray","volume":"73","author":"Lai","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4313","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2024.3499900","article-title":"Augmented coprime array design via hole analysis for direction of arrival estimation","volume":"61","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0016","article-title":"DOA estimation of coherent sources with sparse arrays via toeplitz matrix reconstruction","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2021.3139577","article-title":"Coprime nested arrays for DOA estimation: exploiting the nesting property of coprime array","volume":"29","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEe Signal. Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0018","article-title":"Super supplementary nested array: a sparse array with enhanced degrees of freedom and reduced mutual coupling","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1109\/JSEN.2023.3335257","article-title":"Enhanced dilated nested arrays with reduced mutual coupling for DOA estimation","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEe Sens. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2022.3194814","article-title":"Novel sparse array design based on the maximum inter-element spacing criterion","volume":"29","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEe Signal. Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1109\/LAWP.2025.3585141","article-title":"f-MISC: flexible sparse antenna array based on maximum inter-element spacing principle","volume":"24","author":"Shaikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEe Antennas. Wirel. Propag. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2023.3316018","article-title":"xMISC: improved sparse linear array via maximum inter-element spacing concept","volume":"30","author":"Wandale","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEe Signal. Process. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0023","article-title":"Conjugate augmented covariance fitting-based parameter estimation for sparse polarimetric array","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15648","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2023.3288611","article-title":"Adaptive beamforming for cascaded sparse diversely polarized planar array","volume":"72","author":"Yue","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18226","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3576356","article-title":"2D DOA estimation for multiple parallel sparse linear arrays via recursive roots finding","volume":"74","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2016.06.006","article-title":"DOA estimation of mixed coherent and uncorrelated targets exploiting coprime MIMO radar","volume":"61","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Digit. Signal. Process."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2017.2739105","article-title":"Sparsity-based two-dimensional DOA estimation for coprime array: from sum\u2013difference coarray viewpoint","volume":"65","author":"Shi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0028","series-title":"IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems","first-page":"45","article-title":"Minimum redundancy MIMO radars","author":"Chen","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-016-0387-2","article-title":"Sum and difference coarray based MIMO radar array optimization with its application for DOA estimation","volume":"28","author":"Huang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Multidimens. Syst. Signal. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0030","series-title":"Innovation in MIMO Technologies, Systems, and Antennas","article-title":"Sparse polarimetric array for MIMO system","author":"Yue","year":"2024"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1007\/s11045-017-0507-7","article-title":"DOA estimation for sparse nested MIMO radar with velocity receive sensor array","volume":"29","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Multidimens. Syst. Signal. Process."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1109\/LSP.2017.2766294","article-title":"A new nested MIMO array with increased degrees of freedom and hole-free difference coarray","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEe Signal. Process. Lett."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5916","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2024.3523883","article-title":"Coprime MIMO architecture for mixed near-and far-field source localization","volume":"61","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2020.2983403","article-title":"New transmit-receive array configurations for the MIMO radar with enhanced degrees of freedom","volume":"24","author":"Shaikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2021.3049855","article-title":"New generalized multi-structured MIMO radar configuration with increased degrees of freedom","volume":"25","author":"Shaikh","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0036","first-page":"2077","article-title":"2D-DOD and 2D-DOA estimation using sparse l-shaped EMVS-MIMO radar","volume":"59","author":"Wen","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2024.3374557","article-title":"Augmented multi-subarray dilated nested array with enhanced degrees of freedom and reduced mutual coupling","volume":"72","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TAES.2025.3577182","article-title":"Four-stage reconstruction-based direction finding for sparse bistatic MIMO radar","author":"Yue","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Aerosp. Electron. Syst."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2190","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2022.3182060","article-title":"ULA fitting for MIMO radar","volume":"26","author":"Shi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2023.3330260","article-title":"Further results on the degrees of freedom for coprime MIMO systems","volume":"27","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12714","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3557238","article-title":"Bilateral multi-subarray padded coprime array configuration for DOA estimation in MIMO radar","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0042","article-title":"Robust coprime MIMO system based on new transmit-receive configurations","author":"Shaikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0043","article-title":"Flexible composite MIMO radar design for high accuracy direction finding","author":"Shaikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Measurement"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3997","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2558159","article-title":"Super nested arrays: linear sparse arrays with reduced mutual coupling\u2014Part I: fundamentals","volume":"64","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2019.2913437","article-title":"Sparsity-based DOA estimation of coherent and uncorrelated targets with flexible MIMO radar","volume":"68","author":"Shi","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1996.tb02080.x","article-title":"Regression shrinkage and selection via the lasso","volume":"58","author":"Tibshirani","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. R. Stat. Soc. B: Stat. Methodol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2939","DOI":"10.1109\/LCOMM.2025.3620084","article-title":"High-order generic-coarray for MIMO array design with reduced mutual coupling","volume":"29","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2020.3013389","article-title":"Padded coprime arrays for improved DOA estimation: exploiting hole representation and filling strategies","volume":"68","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1049\/rsn2.12453","article-title":"Hole-free sparse array for highly efficient direction of arrival estimation: enhanced uniform difference co-array","volume":"17","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IET Radar Sonar Navig."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2052","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2901380","article-title":"Thinned coprime array for second-order difference coarray generation with reduced mutual coupling","volume":"67","author":"Raza","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2019.2899292","article-title":"Hole identification and filling in k-times extended co-prime arrays for highly efficient DOA estimation","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1109\/TSP.2016.2626255","article-title":"Coarrays, MUSIC, and the Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao bound","volume":"65","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Signal Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0053","article-title":"Generic constraint-free design of sparse MIMO system for enhanced localization of targets","author":"Shaikh","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Commun. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0054","series-title":"ICASSP 2024 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP)","first-page":"13361","article-title":"Generalized hole-filling strategy for overlapping hole-existing coprime arrays for DOA estimation","author":"Li","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371_bib0055","series-title":"2015 IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC)","first-page":"339","article-title":"On spatial smoothing for direction-of-arrival estimation of coherent signals in impulsive noise","author":"Li","year":"2015"}],"container-title":["Digital Signal Processing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051200426004896?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1051200426004896?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T06:55:21Z","timestamp":1787295321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1051200426004896"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":55,"alternative-id":["S1051200426004896"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371","relation":{},"ISSN":["1051-2004"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1051-2004","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A new sparse MIMO radar array configuration: Fulfill hole-filling without lag overlap","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Digital Signal Processing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dsp.2026.106371","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"106371"}}