{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T07:35:46Z","timestamp":1774078546481,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":102,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001804","name":"Canada Research Chairs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001804","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000196","name":"Canada Foundation for Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000196","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202006010074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202006010074"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T16:37:03Z","timestamp":1770050223000},"page":"103637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Context-dependent relationships between street-level surface heat intensity, the sky view factor, and landscape patterns: Examples from the coastal city of Vancouver, Canada"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Baifei","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luke","family":"Bergmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aej.2023.06.071","article-title":"Investigating surface UHI using local climate zones (LCZs), the case study of Cairo's River Islands","volume":"77","author":"Abougendia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Alex. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1111\/cag.12282","article-title":"Using multiple disparate data sources to map heat vulnerability: Vancouver case study","volume":"60","author":"Aminipouri","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2024.102732","article-title":"Integration of machine learning and remote sensing for above ground biomass estimation through Landsat-9 and field data in temperate forests of the Himalayan region","volume":"82","author":"Anees","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2024.102986","article-title":"Spatiotemporal analysis of surface urban Heat Island intensity and the role of vegetation in six major Pakistani cities","volume":"85","author":"Anees","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-31572-1","article-title":"Green gentrification in European and north American cities","volume":"13","author":"Anguelovski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s11625-019-00770-0","article-title":"Swimming upstream: community economies for a different coastal rural development in Sweden","volume":"15","author":"Arias Schreiber","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustain. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2018.06.034","article-title":"Urban morphology and landscape structure effect on land surface temperature: evidence from shiraz, a semi-arid city","volume":"41","author":"Azhdari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1080\/14616688.2017.1331260","article-title":"Mapping an invisible population: the uneven geography of second-home tourism","volume":"19","author":"Back","year":"2017","journal-title":"Tour. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0045","series-title":"Landscape and Utopia","author":"Beck","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02549-6","article-title":"High-resolution (1 km) K\u00f6ppen-Geiger maps for 1901\u20132099 based on constrained CMIP6 projections","volume":"10","author":"Beck","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cli6030060","article-title":"Sky view factor calculation in urban context: computational performance and accuracy analysis of two open and free GIS tools","volume":"6","author":"Bernard","year":"2018","journal-title":"Climate"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2021.104217","article-title":"Street view imagery in urban analytics and GIS: a review","volume":"215","author":"Biljecki","year":"2021","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128399","article-title":"Attributes and benefits of urban green space visits \u2013 insights from the City of Vancouver","volume":"98","author":"Bock","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/ac5c0f","article-title":"Evidence of horizontal urban heat advection in London using six years of data from a citizen weather station network evidence of horizontal urban heat advection in London using six years of data from a citizen weather station network","volume":"17","author":"Brousse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0075","series-title":"Urbanization and Green Space Dynamics in Greater Dhaka","first-page":"45","author":"Byomkesh","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s007040170036","article-title":"Rapid determination of canyon geometry parameters for use in surface radiation budgets","volume":"69","author":"Chapman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Theor. Appl. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0085","series-title":"Urban Geometry, SVF and Insolation of Open Spaces: London and Paris Urban geometry","author":"Chatzipoulka","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.2243","article-title":"Sky view factor analysis of street canyons and its implications for daytime intra-urban air temperature differentials in high-rise, high-density urban areas of Hong Kong: a GIS-based simulation approach","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2022.109000","article-title":"Contribution of urban functional zones to the spatial distribution of urban thermal environment","volume":"216","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0100","article-title":"Quantifying the scale effect of the relationship between land surface temperature and landscape pattern","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bib492","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2022.104679","article-title":"Landscape and Urban Planning Quantification through deep learning of sky view factor and greenery on urban streets during hot and cool seasons","volume":"232","author":"Chiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1007\/s12205-021-1250-z","article-title":"Comparative analysis of spatial impact of living social overhead capital on housing price by residential type","volume":"25","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"KSCE J. Civ. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2024.102770","article-title":"Numerical simulation of layout and landscape elements on the thermal environment of urban squares","volume":"82","author":"Chu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0115","author":"City of Vancouver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0120","author":"City of Vancouver"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-40449-2","article-title":"Study on the influence of urban tree canopy on thermal environment in Luoping County","volume":"13","author":"Dai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bib491","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3835","DOI":"10.5194\/essd-14-3835-2022","article-title":"A global map of local climate zones to support earth system modelling and urban-scale environmental science","volume":"14","author":"Demuzere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Earth Syst. Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2016.02.040","article-title":"Research on the cooling island effects of water body: a case study of Shanghai, China","volume":"67","author":"Du","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0135","author":"Environment Canada"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cities.2019.01.006","article-title":"A computational approach to \u2018The Image of the City\u2019","volume":"89","author":"Filomena","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2023.101603","article-title":"Seasonal and daily effects of the sea on the surface urban heat island intensity: a case study of cities in the Caspian Sea plain","volume":"51","author":"Firozjaei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0150","first-page":"1247","article-title":"Multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR)","volume":"107","author":"Fotheringham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Assoc. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0155","author":"Fragstats Documentation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10025","DOI":"10.1038\/nclimate1685","article-title":"Adapting to climate change through urban green infrastructure","volume":"2","author":"Gaffin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Clim. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/20964129.2020.1747946","article-title":"Spatial planning for urban ventilation corridors by urban climatology","volume":"6","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecosyst. Health Sustain."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.104788","article-title":"Scale-dependent and season-dependent impacts of 2D\/3D building morphology on land surface temperature","volume":"97","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0175","series-title":"Historical Atlas of Vancouver and the Lower Fraser Valley, Heritage Collection","author":"Hayes","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41597-023-02240-w","article-title":"Global 30 meters spatiotemporal 3D urban expansion dataset from 1990 to 2010","volume":"10","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2009.02.021","article-title":"Assessment of photovoltaic potential in urban areas using open-source solar radiation tools","volume":"34","author":"Hofierka","year":"2009","journal-title":"Renew. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.2134\/jeq2015.01.0062","article-title":"The bigger, the better? The influence of urban green space design on cooling effects for residential areas","volume":"45","author":"Jaganmohan","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Environ. Qual."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/land11101687","article-title":"Effect of landscape structure on land surface temperature in different essential urban land use categories: a case study in Jiaozuo, China","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10911","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-021-03742-z","article-title":"Spatial trends of surface urban heat island in Bathinda: a semiarid city of northwestern India","volume":"19","author":"Kaur","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0205","series-title":"Inventing Stanley Park: An Environmental History","author":"Kheraj","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bib493","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103799","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2022.103799","article-title":"The effect of extremely low sky view factor on land surface temperatures in urban residential areas","volume":"80","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2023.105144","article-title":"Efficient and cost-effective method for identifying urban ventilation corridors using a heuristic search algorithm","volume":"101","author":"Lau","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/10106049.2024.2441370","article-title":"Influence of urban landscape pattern on summer surface temperature and its spatial scale effects","volume":"40","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Geocarto Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0220","article-title":"A new approach to investigate the spatially heterogeneous in the cooling effects of landscape pattern","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.169950","article-title":"Construction of a cold island network for the urban heat island effect mitigation","volume":"915","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0230","series-title":"The Image of the City, Harvard-MIT Joint Center for Urban Studies Series","author":"Lynch","year":"1964"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s10661-018-6564-z","article-title":"Analyzing the effects of urban expansion on land surface temperature patterns by landscape metrics: a case study of Isfahan city, Iran","volume":"190","author":"Madanian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Environ. Monit. Assess."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isprsjprs.2013.12.010","article-title":"Effects of green space spatial pattern on land surface temperature: implications for sustainable urban planning and climate change adaptation","volume":"89","author":"Maimaitiyiming","year":"2014","journal-title":"ISPRS J. Photogramm. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7082","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1917554117","article-title":"Seasonal hysteresis of surface urban heat islands","volume":"117","author":"Manoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0250","series-title":"Landscape Planning: Environmental Applications","author":"Marsh","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.105690","article-title":"Urban form and surface temperature inequality in 683 European cities","volume":"113","author":"Mashhoodi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0260","article-title":"Assessing Chilgoza pine (Pinus gerardiana) forest fire severity: remote sensing analysis, correlations, and predictive modeling for enhanced management strategies","volume":"16","author":"Mehmood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trees, For. People"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2024.102532","article-title":"Exploring spatiotemporal dynamics of NDVI and climate-driven responses in ecosystems: insights for sustainable management and climate resilience","volume":"80","author":"Mehmood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ecol. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0270","author":"Metro Vancouver Open Data Portal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.17645\/up.v2i1.855","article-title":"Sky view factors from synthetic fisheye photos for thermal comfort routing\u2014a case study in Phoenix, Arizona","volume":"2","author":"Middel","year":"2017","journal-title":"Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2018.05.004","article-title":"Sky view factor footprints for urban climate modeling","volume":"25","author":"Middel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2020.138884","article-title":"GIS-based spatial modeling of COVID-19 incidence rate in the continental United States","volume":"728","author":"Mollalo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2020.102428","article-title":"Objective scoring of streetscape walkability related to leisure walking: statistical modeling approach with semantic segmentation of Google street view images","volume":"66","author":"Nagata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Health Place"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1080\/26395916.2021.1903557","article-title":"Inequality and allergenic cover of urban greenspaces surrounding public elementary schools in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","volume":"17","author":"Ng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecosyst. People"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00267-020-01350-0","article-title":"People's knowledge and risk perceptions of invasive plants in metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada","volume":"66","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.3370010304","article-title":"Canyon geometry and the nocturnal urban heat island: comparison of scale model and field observations","volume":"1","author":"Oke","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0310","series-title":"Urban Climates","author":"Oke","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0315","series-title":"Modifiable Areal Unit Problem","author":"Openshaw","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1177\/03091325241240581","article-title":"Deconstructing and resisting coastal displacement: a research agenda","volume":"48","author":"Ounanian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Prog. Hum. Geogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/rs9121208","article-title":"Online global land surface temperature estimation from landsat","volume":"9","author":"Parastatidis","year":"2017","journal-title":"Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1080\/13604813.2014.939464","article-title":"Vancouver's suburban involution","volume":"18","author":"Peck","year":"2014","journal-title":"City"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2020.112135","article-title":"How to quantify the cooling effect of urban parks? Linking maximum and accumulation perspectives","volume":"252","author":"Peng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106199","article-title":"Influence of climate variations on primary production indicators and on the resilience of forest ecosystems in a future scenario of climate change: application to sweet chestnut agroforestry systems in the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"113","author":"P\u00e9rez-Gir\u00f3n","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0345","article-title":"The relative importance of greening in attracting gentrifiers to urban Vancouver and suburban Calgary neighbourhoods","author":"Quinton","year":"2025","journal-title":"Urban Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/land11112087","article-title":"Impact of human disturbances on the spatial heterogeneity of landscape fragmentation in Qilian Mountain National Park, China","volume":"11","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Land"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1068\/b39065","article-title":"Cities and energy: urban morphology and residential heat-energy demand","volume":"41","author":"Rode","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environ. Plan. B Plan. Des."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0068400","article-title":"The collaborative image of the City: mapping the inequality of urban perception","volume":"8","author":"Salesses","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0365","series-title":"Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change","article-title":"Weather and climate extreme events in a changing climate","author":"Seneviratne","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2016.12.022","article-title":"The effect of physical and psychological environments on the users thermal perceptions of educational urban precincts","volume":"115","author":"Shooshtarian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Build. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1007\/s11069-017-2793-7","article-title":"A multi-perspective examination of heat waves affecting metro Vancouver: now into the future","volume":"87","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Hazards"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1117\/1.JRS.12.026004","article-title":"Effect analysis of land-use pattern with landscape metrics on an urban heat island","volume":"12","author":"Tang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Appl. Remote. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1002\/joc.4717","article-title":"A diagnostic equation for the daily maximum urban heat island effect for cities in northwestern Europe","volume":"37","author":"Theeuwes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Climatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rse.2023.113888","article-title":"Very high resolution canopy height maps from RGB imagery using self-supervised vision transformer and convolutional decoder trained on aerial lidar","volume":"300","author":"Tolan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Remote Sens. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3354\/cr027253","article-title":"Intra-urban relationship between surface geometry and urban heat island: review and new approach","volume":"27","author":"Unger","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clim. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/su10124859","article-title":"Landscape patterns affect precipitation differing across sub-climatic regions","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bib494","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2020.110603","article-title":"Urban green infrastructure: A review on valuation toolkits from an urban planning perspective","volume":"267","author":"Van Oijstaeijen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ufug.2024.128338","article-title":"Matching supply and demand of cooling service provided by urban green and blue space","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Urban For. Urban Green."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0410","series-title":"Deep Learning for Automatically Detecting Sidewalk Accessibility Problems Using Streetscape Imagery","first-page":"196","author":"Weld","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0415","article-title":"Social aspects of urban forestry: public response to the urban forest in inner-city business districts","volume":"29","author":"Wolf","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arboric. Urban For."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2020.106699","article-title":"Seasonal variations and main influencing factors of the water cooling islands effect in Shenzhen","volume":"117","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0425","series-title":"Heat-Prone Neighbourhood Typologies of European Cities With Temperate Climate","first-page":"87","author":"Wu","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003341239-4","article-title":"Gentrifcation","volume":"9\u201317","author":"Wyly","year":"2022","journal-title":"Planet. Gentrification Read."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2022.160270","article-title":"Built environment influences on urban climate resilience: evidence from extreme heat events in Macau","volume":"859","author":"Xi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.uclim.2021.100999","article-title":"Sky view factor estimation from street view images based on semantic segmentation","volume":"40","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Urban Clim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2022.108810","article-title":"Seasonal variations for combined effects of landscape metrics on land surface temperature (LST) and aerosol optical depth (AOD)","volume":"138","author":"Xiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ecol. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1007\/s11252-013-0325-0","article-title":"Assessment of landscape patterns affecting land surface temperature in different biophysical gradients in Shenzhen, China","volume":"16","author":"Xie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Urban Ecosyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/0004-6981(86)90182-4","article-title":"On relationships between heat island and sky view factor in the cities of Tama River basin, Japan","volume":"20","author":"Yamashita","year":"1986","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2021.103599","article-title":"The influence of the landscape pattern on the urban land surface temperature varies with the ratio of land components: insights from 2D\/3D building\/vegetation metrics","volume":"78","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7453","DOI":"10.3390\/s8117453","article-title":"Study of the relationships between the spatial extent of surface urban heat islands and urban characteristic factors based on Landsat ETM + data","volume":"8","author":"Zhang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0470","article-title":"Scale effect on the relationship between urban landscape patterns and land surface temperature","volume":"105942","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.landurbplan.2018.08.020","article-title":"Measuring human perceptions of a large-scale urban region using machine learning","volume":"180","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Landsc. Urban Plan."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0480","series-title":"Proc. - 30th IEEE Conf. Comput. Vis. Pattern recognition, CVPR 2017 2017-Janua","first-page":"5122","article-title":"Scene parsing through ADE20K dataset","author":"Zhou","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-018-1140-0","article-title":"Semantic understanding of scenes through the ADE20K dataset","volume":"127","author":"Zhou","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scs.2024.105587","article-title":"How urban spatial characteristics impact surface urban heat island in subtropical high-density cities based on LCZs: a case study of Macau","volume":"112","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustain. Cities Soc."}],"container-title":["Ecological Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574954126000439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574954126000439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,21]],"date-time":"2026-03-21T04:42:13Z","timestamp":1774068133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1574954126000439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":102,"alternative-id":["S1574954126000439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-9541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-9541","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Context-dependent relationships between street-level surface heat intensity, the sky view factor, and landscape patterns: Examples from the coastal city of Vancouver, Canada","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecological Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103637","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103637"}}