{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:44:55Z","timestamp":1777931095951,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100018693","name":"Horizon Europe","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100018693","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007032","name":"Lincoln University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T17:24:59Z","timestamp":1772558699000},"page":"103689","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Can Google trends be used to estimate the geographic distribution of alien plants in the United States?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Md Azharul","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.33256\/hb148.1114","article-title":"Mining Flickr: a method for expanding the known distribution of invasive species","volume":"148","author":"Allain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Herpetol. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2021.09.004","article-title":"Ornamental plant domestication by aesthetics-driven human cultural niche construction","volume":"27","author":"Altman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1590\/2447-536x.v31.e312959","article-title":"Google trends as an early signal in international flower trade","volume":"31","author":"Andrade","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ornament. Hortic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7254","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-43729-y","article-title":"Evaluating cost-effective methods for rapid and repeatable national scale detection and mapping of invasive species spread","volume":"9","author":"Aschim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0025","article-title":"How people perceive invasion impacts: is there a match between policymakers and stakeholders?","volume":"26","author":"Banha","year":"2025","journal-title":"Environ. Sustain. Indic."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0030","series-title":"American Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers","author":"Brickell","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1071\/WR22116","article-title":"Do we need to mine social media data to detect exotic vertebrate-pest introductions?","volume":"50","author":"Caley","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wildl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1080\/13504851.2021.2023088","article-title":"Is Google trends a quality data source?","volume":"30","author":"Cebri\u00e1n","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Econ. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2024.123318","article-title":"Addressing google trends inconsistencies","volume":"202","author":"Cebri\u00e1n","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Chang."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0050","series-title":"Global Plant Invasions","author":"Clements","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2015.11.014","article-title":"Mining twitter to monitor invasive alien species\u2014an analytical framework and sample information topologies","volume":"31","author":"Daume","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eco. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e853","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00188-1","article-title":"Interpreting area under the receiver operating characteristic curve","volume":"4","author":"De Hond","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Digit. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0065","series-title":"Agricolae: Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research. R Package Version 1.3\u20137","author":"de Mendiburu","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0070","series-title":"Usmap: US Maps Including Alaska and Hawaii. R Package Version 0.8.0","author":"Di Lorenzo","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1007\/s00114-017-1470-8","article-title":"Social media and scientific research are complementary\u2014YouTube and shrikes as a case study","volume":"104","author":"Dylewski","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolecon.2011.04.012","article-title":"Factors determining awareness and knowledge of aquatic invasive species","volume":"70","author":"Eiswerth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecol. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2017.02.006","article-title":"Mapping species distributions with social media geo-tagged images: case studies of bees and flowering plants in Australia","volume":"39","author":"ElQadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eco. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3913","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-024-03420-4","article-title":"Spatiotemporal patterns of public attention to invasive species across an invasion front: a case study of lionfish (Pterois miles) from the Mediterranean Sea","volume":"26","author":"Fazzari","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0095","series-title":"An R Companion to Applied Regression","author":"Fox","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0100","first-page":"3","article-title":"Plant invasions in protected areas. Patterns, problems and challenges. Invading nature\u2014Springer series in invasion","volume":"7","author":"Foxcroft","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3521","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-019-02065-y","article-title":"Spatio-temporal dynamics and drivers of public interest in invasive alien species","volume":"21","author":"Fukano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.10767","article-title":"Citizen science platforms can effectively support early detection of invasive alien species according to species traits","volume":"7","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Moreno","year":"2025","journal-title":"People Nat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0115","first-page":"1","article-title":"Relative importance for linear regression in R: the package relaimpo","volume":"17","author":"Gr\u00f6mping","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Stat. Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2022.105868","article-title":"Trends in public interest in child abuse in the United States: an infodemiology study of Google trends from 2004 to 2022","volume":"134","author":"Hartwell","year":"2022","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssresearch.2024.103099","article-title":"The (mis) use of Google trends data in the social sciences-a systematic review, critique, and recommendations","volume":"126","author":"H\u00f6lzl","year":"2025","journal-title":"Soc. Sci. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2019.02.006","article-title":"What can we learn about the behaviour of red and grey squirrels from YouTube?","volume":"51","author":"Jagiello","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eco. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.03.003","article-title":"iEcology: harnessing large online resources to generate ecological insights","volume":"35","author":"Jari\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13707","article-title":"Invasion culturomics and iEcology","volume":"35","author":"Jari\u0107","year":"2021","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0145","series-title":"Ggpubr:\u2018ggplot2\u2019 Based Publication Ready Plots. R Package Version 0.4. 0","author":"Kassambara","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0150","unstructured":"Kassambara, A., 2021. rstatix: Pipe-Friendly Framework for Basic Statistical Tests. R Package Version 0.7. 0. Computer Software. https:\/\/CRAN. R-proje ct. org\/packa ge= rstatix."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.12562","article-title":"Just Google it: assessing the use of Google images to describe geographical variation in visible traits of organisms","volume":"7","author":"Leighton","year":"2016","journal-title":"Methods Ecol. Evol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1007\/s44248-024-00013-3","article-title":"The measurement errors of google trends data","volume":"2","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Discov. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techsoc.2024.102477","article-title":"DIY google trends indicators in social sciences: a methodological note","volume":"77","author":"Loli\u0107","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technol. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-025-03611-7","article-title":"Using Google trends to improve monitoring of the invasive spotted lanternfly in the United States","volume":"27","author":"Maciejewski","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/37115","article-title":"Advancing infodemiology in a digital intensive era","volume":"2","author":"Mackey","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Infodemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1111\/1365-2664.13896","article-title":"Facebook groups as citizen science tools for plant species monitoring","volume":"58","author":"Marcen\u00f2","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Ecol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/16206","article-title":"Infodemiology and infoveillance: scoping review","volume":"22","author":"Mavragani","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/13439","article-title":"Google trends in infodemiology and infoveillance: methodology framework","volume":"5","author":"Mavragani","year":"2019","journal-title":"JMIR Public Health Surveill."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0195","unstructured":"Meyer, D., Zeileis, A., Hornik, K., 2020. vcd: Visualizing Categorical Data. R Package Version 1.4-8. Recuperado de https:\/\/rdrr. io\/cran\/vcd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1177\/194008291600900105","article-title":"The ecology of human-anaconda conflict: a study using internet videos","volume":"9","author":"Miranda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trop. Conserv. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13702","article-title":"Using Wikipedia to measure public interest in biodiversity and conservation","volume":"35","author":"Mittermeier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/15481603.2023.2190203","article-title":"Mapping invasive alien plant species with very high spatial resolution and multi-date satellite imagery using object-based and machine learning techniques: a comparative study","volume":"60","author":"Nininahazwe","year":"2023","journal-title":"GISci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2024.08.012","article-title":"Culturomics and iEcology provide novel opportunities to study human and social dimensions of alien species introductions","volume":"40","author":"Novoa","year":"2025","journal-title":"Trends Ecol. Evol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0220","series-title":"Patchwork: The Composer of Plots. CRAN: Contributed Packages","author":"Pedersen","year":"2019"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2102","article-title":"FluBreaks: early epidemic detection from Google flu trends","volume":"14","author":"Pervaiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Med. Internet Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2023.108623","article-title":"Citizen science is a vital partnership for invasive alien species management and research","volume":"27","author":"Pocock","year":"2024","journal-title":"IScience"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S37","DOI":"10.3103\/S0005105525700967","article-title":"Two heads are better than one","volume":"59","author":"Polak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Autom. Document. Math. Linguist."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.12131","article-title":"Googling trends in conservation biology","volume":"28","author":"Proulx","year":"2014","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0245","series-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2024\/8854675","article-title":"Detecting invasive alien plant species using remote sensing, machine learning and deep learning: a systematic review","volume":"2024","author":"Rakgoale","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0255","series-title":"Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research [R Package Psych Version 1.8. 12]. R-Project. Org","author":"Revelle","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0260","series-title":"MASS: Support Functions and Datasets for Venables and Ripley's MASS. R Package Version 7","first-page":"3","author":"Ripley","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-77","article-title":"pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves","volume":"12","author":"Robin","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmedinf.2024.105563","article-title":"Google trends in infodemiology: methodological steps to avoid irreproducible results and invalid conclusions","volume":"190","author":"Rovetta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Inform."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0275","series-title":"GGally: Extension to'ggplot2'","author":"Schloerke","year":"2021"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.4081\/gh.2010.195","article-title":"The utility of \u201cGoogle trends\u201d for epidemiological research: lyme disease as an example","volume":"4","author":"Seifter","year":"2010","journal-title":"Geospat. Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-025-02431-0","article-title":"Setting trends with google: limits and perspectives when utilising search engine data","author":"Springer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Qual. Quant."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0290","first-page":"259","article-title":"Participation in online platforms: examining variations in intention to participate across citizens from diverse sociodemographic groups","volume":"4","author":"van den Berg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Perspect. Public Manage. Govern."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.13705","article-title":"Combining culturomic sources to uncover trends in popularity and seasonal interest in plants","volume":"35","author":"Vardi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0300","series-title":"Impact of Biological Invasions on Ecosystem Services","author":"Vil\u00e0","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/35253","article-title":"Utilizing big data from google trends to map population depression in the United States: exploratory infodemiology study","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0310","series-title":"R Package \u201cCorrplot\u201d: Visualization of a Correlation Matrix. 487 (Version 0.94)","author":"Wei","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1686","DOI":"10.21105\/joss.01686","article-title":"Welcome to the Tidyverse","volume":"4","author":"Wickham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Open Source Softw."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0320","series-title":"Detecting and Responding to Alien Plant Incursions","author":"Wilson","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/cobi.14382","article-title":"Misrepresentation of invasive species in the mass media with images of unrelated organisms","volume":"38","author":"Wong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Conserv. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3193","DOI":"10.1007\/s10530-023-03101-8","article-title":"Media myopia distorts public interest in US invasive plants","volume":"25","author":"Woodworth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biol. Invasions"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689_bb0335","article-title":"Trending ticks: using Google trends data to understand tickborne disease prevention","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"}],"container-title":["Ecological Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574954126000956?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574954126000956?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:34:47Z","timestamp":1777682087000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1574954126000956"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S1574954126000956"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-9541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-9541","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Can Google trends be used to estimate the geographic distribution of alien plants in the United States?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecological Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103689","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103689"}}