{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T21:44:28Z","timestamp":1777931068230,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007061","name":"National Secretariat for Science Technology and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007349","name":"Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["141-2022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["141-2022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007349","name":"Secretaria Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnolog\u00eda","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDDS22-43"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDDS22-43"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007349","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ecological Informatics"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T16:06:34Z","timestamp":1774368394000},"page":"103731","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Spatial estimation of on-road mobile emissions during morning hours using machine learning: A case study in Panama city"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"95","author":[{"given":"Cesar","family":"Pinzon-Acosta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Franchesca","family":"Gonzalez-Olivardia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Hidalgo-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Vald\u00e9s-Montenegro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Asprilla-Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Edmanuel","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0005","author":"Alcald\u00eda de Panam\u00e1"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su132111614","article-title":"Fuel consumption monitoring through COPERT model\u2014a case study for urban sustainability","volume":"13","author":"Ali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0015","series-title":"Memoria 2020. (pp. 67). Panam\u00e1","author":"Autoridad del Tr\u00e1nsito y Transporte Terrestre de Panam\u00e1","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1748-9326\/10\/11\/114005","article-title":"Impact of the Volkswagen emissions control defeat device on US public health","volume":"10","author":"Barrett","year":"2015","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2022.107262","article-title":"Long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and selected health outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"164","author":"Boogaard","year":"2022","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0030","author":"Castro-G\u00f3mez"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos12111372","article-title":"Comparison of top-down and bottom-up road transport emissions through high-resolution air quality modeling in a City of complex orography","volume":"12","author":"Cifuentes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0040","unstructured":"Climate & Clean Air Coalition, Panam\u00e1. UN Environment Programme. https:\/\/www.ccacoalition.org\/partners\/panama."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-069X-10-52","article-title":"Use of a total traffic count metric to investigate the impact of roadways on asthma severity: a case-control study","volume":"10","author":"Cook","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environ. Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0050","article-title":"Traffic Counting using YOLO Version-5 (A case study of Jakarta-Cikampek Toll Road)","volume":"1321","author":"Darmadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0055","series-title":"Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Optimization Techniques in the Field of Engineering (ICOFE-2024)","article-title":"Traffic management and controlling system using YOLO","author":"Dombale","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0060","first-page":"29","article-title":"Plan integral sustentable de movilidad urbana al sistema actual de transporte masivo para el \u00e1rea metropolitana de Panam\u00e1 con los metrotaxis","volume":"7","author":"Dudley Preite","year":"2025","journal-title":"Multi-Lingual Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0065","article-title":"Intercomparison of Magnitudes and Trends in Anthropogenic Surface Emissions From Bottom-Up Inventories, Top-Down Estimates, and Emission Scenarios. Earth\u2019s","volume":"8","author":"Elguindi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0070","author":"European Environment Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0075","author":"European Environment Agency"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0080","author":"European Parliament"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2023.165827","article-title":"Exploring the discrepancy between top-down and bottom-up approaches of fine spatio-temporal vehicular CO(2) emission in an urban road network","volume":"901","author":"Fung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci. Total Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0090","series-title":"Logistics Parks","author":"Georgia Tech Panama","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.106329","article-title":"More mileage in reducing urban air pollution from road traffic","volume":"149","author":"Harrison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0100","series-title":"State of Global Air 2024 (Special Report, Issue)","author":"Health Effects Institute","year":"2024"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s11869-019-00722-8","article-title":"A combination of bottom-up and top-down approaches for calculating of air emission for developing countries: a case of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","volume":"12","author":"Ho","year":"2019","journal-title":"Air Qual. Atmos. Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos16111301","article-title":"Assessment of air quality and health impact in Hanoi (Vietnam) due to traffic emission\u2014seasonal analysis and traffic emission reduction scenarios","volume":"16","author":"Ho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0115","series-title":"Incentiva la Movilidad El\u00e9ctrica en el Transporte Terrestre","volume":"295","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0120","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0125","series-title":"Cuadro 1. Veh\u00edculos en circulaci\u00f3n registrados en la Rep\u00fablica, seg\u00fan clase de placa: a\u00f1os 2022\u201323","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censo","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0130","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0135","author":"Instituto Nacional de Estad\u00edstica y Censo"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0140","author":"International Trade Administration U.S. Department of Commerce"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2018.04.028","article-title":"The traffic emission-dispersion model for a Central-European city agrees with measured black carbon apportioned to traffic","volume":"184","author":"Je\u017eek","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmos. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0150","author":"Jocher"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.30880\/ojtp.2024.09.02.021","article-title":"Vehicle detection and counting for traffic congestion estimation using YOLOv5 and DeepSORT in smart traffic light application","volume":"9","author":"Kam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Online J. TVET Practitioners"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EA00047H","article-title":"Investigating the applicability of COPERT 5.5 emission software in Bangladesh and developing countrywide vehicular emission inventories","volume":"4","author":"Kawsar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Sci. Atmos."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2023.113160","article-title":"Pathways to decarbonising the transport sector: The impacts of electrifying taxi fleets","volume":"174","author":"Kinsella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4046\/trd.2022.0116","article-title":"Adverse effects of air pollution on pulmonary diseases","volume":"85","author":"Ko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su12135414","article-title":"The effect of emission inventory on modelling of seasonal exposure metrics of particulate matter and ozone with the WRF-Chem model for Poland","volume":"12","author":"Kryza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1029\/2024JD041494","article-title":"Impacts of on-road vehicular emissions on U.S. air quality: a comparison of two mobile emission models (MOVES and FIVE)","volume":"129","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0185","article-title":"Automated vehicle counting from pre-recorded video using You Only Look Once (YOLO) object detection model","volume":"9","author":"Majumder","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Imag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0190","series-title":"Segundo Informe Bienal de Actualizaci\u00f3n","author":"Ministerio de Ambiente","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0195","series-title":"Documento de Inventario Nacional 2024 del Primer Informe de Bienal de Transparencia de Panam\u00e1 ante la Convenci\u00f3n Marco de las Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Clim\u00e1tico (CMNUCC)","author":"Ministerio de Ambiente","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0220","author":"Ministerio de Econom\u00eda y Finanzas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Normas Ambientales de Emisiones para Veh\u00edculos Automotores"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0200","series-title":"Documento Gr\u00e1fico de la Zonificaci\u00f3n de la Ciudad de Panam\u00e1","author":"Ministerio de Vivienda y Ordenamiento Territorial","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0205","series-title":"Revisi\u00f3n y Actualizaci\u00f3n del Plan de Desarrollo Urbano de las \u00c1reas Metropolitanas del Pac\u00edfico y del Atl\u00e1ntico (Diagn\u00f3stico estrat\u00e9gico de la Situaci\u00f3n Existente, Issue)","author":"Ministerio de Vivienda y Ordenamiento Territorial, & Consorcio POT - Incodisa y PSS","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0210","series-title":"Mi Bus planea renovar su flota: 400 buses superan los 800 mil kil\u00f3metros","author":"Mojica","year":"2024"},{"issue":"73","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1382","DOI":"10.21608\/auej.2024.280422.1642","article-title":"Automated vehicle counting and speed estimation using Yolov8 and computer vision","volume":"19","author":"Mostafa","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Al-Azhar Univ. Eng. Sect."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/2515-7620\/ad359b","article-title":"Air pollutant emissions and sources in Lao People\u2019s Democratic Republic: a provincial scale analysis for years 2013\u20132019","volume":"6","author":"O\u2019Neill","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ. Res. Commun."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/atmos9020049","article-title":"Development and evaluation of a comprehensive atmospheric emission inventory for air quality modelling in the megacity of Bogot\u00e1","volume":"9","author":"Pach\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Atmosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0235","series-title":"Ciudad de Panam\u00e1","first-page":"6","volume":"17","author":"Palacios Barra","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0240","series-title":"Estimation of On-road Mobile Emissions using Machine Learning: A Case Study in Panama City","author":"Pinzon-Acosta","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0245","series-title":"Air Pollution - Monitoring, Quantification and Removal of Gases and Particles","article-title":"Air emission inventory","author":"Quoc Bang","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0260","series-title":"Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images (SIBGRAPI) 2023","article-title":"Combining Yolo and visual rhythm for vehicle counting","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2020.105826","article-title":"Urban policy interventions to reduce traffic emissions and traffic-related air pollution: Protocol for a systematic evidence map","volume":"142","author":"Sanchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0270","series-title":"Inventario de emisiones de Bogot\u00e1, Contaminantes Criterio y carbono negro 2022. Colombia","author":"Secretaria Distrital de Ambiente","year":"2024"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/su11102936","article-title":"Evaluating urban bus emission characteristics based on localized MOVES using sparse GPS data in Shanghai, China","volume":"11","author":"Shan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0280","series-title":"Traffic Related Air Pollution and Internal Combustion Engines","first-page":"29","article-title":"Road traffic emission and fuel consumption modelling: trends, new developments and future challenges","author":"Smit","year":"2009"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bib301","article-title":"Panam\u00e1 suma 33,243 nuevos autos en 2025, con julio como uno de los meses m\u00e1s activos","author":"Yang\u00fcez","year":"2025","journal-title":"La Estrella de Panam\u00e1"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0295","first-page":"18","article-title":"Passenger car emissions in urban areas based on local vehicle fleet and environmental conditions","author":"Vald\u00e9s-Montenegro","year":"2025","journal-title":"Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management, 11(Summer 2025)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202453001003","article-title":"Estimation of on-road mobile emissions based on the vehicle technology in a high-traffic avenue in Panama City, Panama","volume":"530","author":"Valdes-Montenegro","year":"2024","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1051\/e3sconf\/202236001027","article-title":"A review of on-road vehicle emission inventory","volume":"360","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"E3S Web Conf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0250","series-title":"Productos de Petr\u00f3leo","author":"Reglamento t\u00e9cnico centroamericano","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0255","series-title":"Productos de Petr\u00f3leo. Aceite Combustible Di\u00e9sel. Especificaciones","author":"Reglamento T\u00e9cnico Centroamericano","year":"2026"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731_bb0285","series-title":"Suspende temporamente la importaci\u00f3n de veh\u00edculos tipo escolar para la prestaci\u00f3n del servicio de transporte terrestre colectivo de pasajeros en la Rep\u00fablica de Panam\u00e1","year":"2011"}],"container-title":["Ecological Informatics"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574954126001378?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1574954126001378?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:33:41Z","timestamp":1777682021000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1574954126001378"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S1574954126001378"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731","relation":{},"ISSN":["1574-9541"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1574-9541","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Spatial estimation of on-road mobile emissions during morning hours using machine learning: A case study in Panama city","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Ecological Informatics","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoinf.2026.103731","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103731"}}