{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:19:25Z","timestamp":1779365965288,"version":"3.53.0"},"reference-count":195,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772496000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005416","name":"Research Council of Norway","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005416","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["101093188"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["101093188"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"European Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ERC-2022-ADG"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC-2022-ADG"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T07:36:44Z","timestamp":1772782604000},"page":"351-376","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Optimization in offshore wind farms \u2013 a survey of problems, models, and solution approaches"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"334","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8064-713X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vibeke Hvidegaard","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7695-9662","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Pisinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6441-9877","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"St\u00e5lhane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1007\/s11367-020-01793-x","article-title":"An economic assessment framework for decommissioning of offshore wind farms using a cost breakdown structure","volume":"26","author":"Adedipe","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1007\/s11750-023-00663-7","article-title":"Wind farm layout optimization under uncertainty","volume":"32","author":"Agra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Top"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0003","first-page":"23","article-title":"Simulation-based aggregate installation planning of offshore wind farms","volume":"7","author":"Ait-Alla","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal Of Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2024.01.011","article-title":"Optimization models for the installation planning of offshore wind farms","volume":"315","author":"Amorosi","year":"2024","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2023.106322","article-title":"A multiple-drone arc routing and mothership coordination problem","volume":"159","author":"Amorosi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1049\/rpg2.12160","article-title":"Wind farm control - Part i: A review on control system concepts and structures","volume":"15","author":"Andersson","year":"2021","journal-title":"IET Renewable Power Generation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1260\/0309-524X.35.2.165","article-title":"Wind turbine interference in a wind farm layout optimization mixed integer linear programming model","volume":"35","author":"Archer","year":"2011","journal-title":"Wind Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0008","series-title":"Vehicle routing: Problems, methods, and applications","first-page":"273","article-title":"Vehicle routing problems with profits","author":"Archetti","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0009","unstructured":"Associates, B. (2019). Guide to an offshore wind farm. https:\/\/www.thecrownestate.co.uk\/media\/2860\/guide-to-offshore-wind-farm-2019.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0010","series-title":"Lecture notes in computer science (including subseries lecture notes in artificial intelligence and lecture notes in bioinformatics)","first-page":"285","article-title":"Strategic optimization of offshore wind farm installation","volume":"vol. 10572 LNCS","author":"Backe","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1080\/17477778.2022.2163933","article-title":"Installation planning for an offshore wind farm: A hybrid modelling framework of integrating simulation and optimisation with a markov chain","volume":"19","author":"Bae","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2019.05.042","article-title":"An optimization model for the planning of offshore plug and abandonment campaigns","volume":"180","author":"Bakker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.05.043","article-title":"A mixed-method optimisation and simulation framework for supporting logistical decisions during offshore wind farm installations","volume":"264","author":"Barlow","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0014","series-title":"Vehicle routing: Problems, methods, and applications","first-page":"161","article-title":"Pickup-and-delivery problems for goods transportation","author":"Battarra","year":"2014"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1057\/jors.2013.188","article-title":"The offshore wind farm array cable layout problem: A planar open vehicle routing problem","volume":"66","author":"Bauer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-74225-0_30","article-title":"Decommissioning of offshore wind farms: A simulation-based study of economic aspects","author":"Beinke","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lecture Notes in Logistics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.07.063","article-title":"Machine learning for combinatorial optimization: A methodological tour d\u2019horizon","volume":"290","author":"Bengio","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0018","first-page":"1","article-title":"Static pickup and delivery problems: A classification scheme and survey","volume":"15","author":"Berbeglia","year":"2007","journal-title":"TOP 2007 15:1"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.1030.0065","article-title":"The price of robustness","volume":"52","author":"Bertsimas","year":"2004","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0020","first-page":"1","article-title":"An optimization framework for opportunistic maintenance of offshore wind power system","author":"Besnard","year":"2009","journal-title":"2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech: Innovative Ideas Toward the Electrical Grid of the Future"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0021","first-page":"1","article-title":"A stochastic model for opportunistic maintenance planning of offshore wind farms","author":"Besnard","year":"2011","journal-title":"2011 IEEE PES Trondheim PowerTech: The Power of Technology for a Sustainable Society, POWERTECH 2011"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2009.10.004","article-title":"Optimising a general repair kit problem with a service constraint","volume":"204","author":"Bijvank","year":"2010","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0023","series-title":"2010\u202fIEEE Congress on evolutionary computation, CEC 2010","first-page":"1","article-title":"CHC and SA applied to wind energy optimization using real data","author":"Bilbao","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0024","series-title":"2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC)","first-page":"83","article-title":"Optimal placement of wind turbines in a windfarm using L-SHADE algorithm","author":"Biswas","year":"2017"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/logistics6010006","article-title":"Composing vessel fleets for maintenance at offshore wind farms by solving a dual-Level stochastic programming problem using GRASP","volume":"6","author":"Bolstad","year":"2022","journal-title":"Logistics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0026","unstructured":"BSH (2025). Fino databank. Accessed October 29, 2025 https:\/\/www.bsh.de\/EN\/TOPICS\/Monitoring_systems\/MARNET_monitoring_network\/FINO\/fino_node.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2023.03.075","article-title":"Application of selection hyper-heuristics to the simultaneous optimisation of turbines and cabling within an offshore windfarm","volume":"208","author":"Butterwick","year":"2023","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0028","article-title":"Knapsack problems - an overview of recent advances. part II: Multiple, multidimensional, and quadratic knapsack problems","volume":"143","author":"Cacchiani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/we.1887","article-title":"Failure rate, repair time and unscheduled O&M cost analysis of offshore wind turbines","author":"Carroll","year":"2016","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2697","DOI":"10.3390\/en16062697","article-title":"Vertical axis wind turbine layout optimization","volume":"16","author":"Cazzaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2020.115617","article-title":"Heuristic algorithms for the wind farm cable routing problem","volume":"278","author":"Cazzaro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2023.04.046","article-title":"Combined layout and cable optimization of offshore wind farms","volume":"311","author":"Cazzaro","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/net.22100","article-title":"Balanced cable routing for offshore wind farms with obstacles","volume":"80","author":"Cazzaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2021.105588","article-title":"Variable neighborhood search for large offshore wind farm layout optimization","volume":"138","author":"Cazzaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2022.118830","article-title":"Multi-scale optimization of the design of offshore wind farms","volume":"314","author":"Cazzaro","year":"2022","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4319","DOI":"10.1109\/TPWRS.2016.2521700","article-title":"Optimal cable design of wind farms: The infrastructure and losses cost minimization case","volume":"31","author":"Cerveira","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Power Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2013.02.007","article-title":"Wind farm layout optimization using genetic algorithm with different hub height wind turbines","volume":"70","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Conversion and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0038","unstructured":"China (2021). Working guidance for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality in full and faithful implementation of the new development philosophy. State Council of the People\u2019s Republic of China,."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.06.033","article-title":"Unrestricted wind farm layout optimization (UWFLO): investigating key factors influencing the maximum power generation","volume":"38","author":"Chowdhury","year":"2012","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0040","series-title":"Emerging battery technologies to boost the clean energy transition","first-page":"69","article-title":"Batteries: Advantages and importance in the energy transition","author":"Colombo","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0041","unstructured":"Commission, E. (2019). The European green deal."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2011.03.044","article-title":"Wind turbine availability: should it be time or energy based? - a case study in Ireland","volume":"36","author":"Conroy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3608170","article-title":"Potential order-of-magnitude enhancement of wind farm power density via counter-rotating vertical-axis wind turbine arrays","volume":"3","author":"Dabiri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1260\/0309-524X.39.1.15","article-title":"Routing and scheduling of maintenance fleet for offshore wind farms","volume":"39","author":"Dai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wind Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2015.04.040","article-title":"Advanced logistics planning for offshore wind farm operation and maintenance activities","volume":"101","author":"Dalgic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2015.11.407","article-title":"Cost benefit analysis of mothership concept and investigation of optimum chartering strategy for offshore wind farms","volume":"80","author":"Dalgic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2014.12.011","article-title":"Investigation of optimum jack-up vessel chartering strategy for offshore wind farm O&M activities","volume":"95","author":"Dalgic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2022.01.046","article-title":"Non-centralized hierarchical model predictive control strategy of floating offshore wind farms for fatigue load reduction","volume":"187","author":"Del Pozo Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0049","article-title":"Description of an 8\u202fMW reference wind turbine","volume":"753","author":"Desmond","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1260\/0309-524X.39.1.1","article-title":"Reference cases for verification of operation and maintenance simulation models for offshore wind farms","volume":"39","author":"Dinwoodie","year":"2015","journal-title":"Wind Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0051","series-title":"Proceedings of the 40th annual ORSNZ conference","first-page":"196","article-title":"Wind farm optimization","author":"Donovan","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2015.12.033","article-title":"An advanced modeling system for optimization of wind farm layout and wind turbine sizing using a multi-level extended pattern search algorithm","volume":"106","author":"DuPont","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2022.135004","article-title":"A bibliometric, social network and clustering analysis for a comprehensive review on end-of-life wind turbines","volume":"380","author":"Elig\u00fczel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0054","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1260\/030952408784305877","article-title":"Algorithms for offshore wind farm layout optimization","volume":"32","author":"Elkinton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Wind Engineering"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2009.11.026","article-title":"New approach on optimization in placement of wind turbines within wind farm by genetic algorithms","volume":"35","author":"Emami","year":"2010","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0056","unstructured":"Fagerfj\u00e4ll, P. (2010). Optimizing wind farm layout - more bang for the buck using mixed integer linear programming. Master\u2019s thesis.Chalmers University of Technology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0057","series-title":"Journal of physics: Conference series","first-page":"042023","article-title":"Co-optimization of the shape, orientation and layout of offshore wind farms","volume":"vol. 1618","author":"Feng","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0058","article-title":"Coordinated risk-averse distributionally robust optimization for maintenance and generation schedules of offshore wind farm cluster","volume":"159","author":"Feng","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2147","DOI":"10.1287\/mnsc.2022.4470","article-title":"Integrated layout and cable routing in wind farm optimal design","volume":"69","author":"Fischetti","year":"2023","journal-title":"Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0060","series-title":"Optimization in the real world","first-page":"55","article-title":"Optimal turbine allocation for offshore and onshore wind farms","author":"Fischetti","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.04.006","article-title":"Machine learning meets mathematical optimization to predict the optimal production of offshore wind parks","volume":"106","author":"Fischetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0062","first-page":"80","article-title":"Vattenfall optimizes offshore wind farm design","volume":"50","author":"Fischetti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0063","first-page":"61","article-title":"Light robustness","author":"Fischetti","year":"2009"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1007\/s10732-015-9283-4","article-title":"Proximity search heuristics for wind farm optimal layout","volume":"22","author":"Fischetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Heuristics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1002\/net.21804","article-title":"Optimal wind farm cable routing: Modeling branches and offshore transformer modules","volume":"72","author":"Fischetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Networks"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2017.07.061","article-title":"Optimizing wind farm cable routing considering power losses","volume":"270","author":"Fischetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s12599-018-0538-0","article-title":"Mathematical optimization and algorithms for offshore wind farm design: An overview","volume":"61","author":"Fischetti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Business & Information Systems Engineering"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0068","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2015.08.045","article-title":"Maintenance scheduling in the electricity industry: a literature review","volume":"251","author":"Froger","year":"2016","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2017.07.001","article-title":"A branch-and-check approach for a wind turbine maintenance scheduling problem","volume":"88","author":"Froger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s10951-017-0513-5","article-title":"Solving a wind turbine maintenance scheduling problem","volume":"21","author":"Froger","year":"2018","journal-title":"Journal of Scheduling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2020.08.045","article-title":"Optimization problems for machine learning : A survey","volume":"290","author":"Gambella","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1725","DOI":"10.1177\/0144598720942852","article-title":"Comparisons of the accuracy of different wake models in wind farm layout optimization","volume":"38","author":"Gao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Exploration & Exploitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0073","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114302","article-title":"Floating vertical axis wind turbines for offshore applications among potentialities and challenges: A review","volume":"193","author":"Ghigo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0074","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2010.01.010","article-title":"Optimization of wind farm turbines layout using an evolutive algorithm","volume":"35","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1287\/opre.43.1.130","article-title":"A 2n constraint formulation for the capacitated minimal spanning tree problem","volume":"43","author":"Gouveia","year":"1995","journal-title":"Operations Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0076","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2004.05.007","article-title":"Placement of wind turbines using genetic algorithms","volume":"30","author":"Grady","year":"2005","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0077","unstructured":"Gredes, J. (2018). World\u2019s first offshore wind repowering completed in Sweden. Accessed: 2025-05-29 https:\/\/www.greentechmedia.com\/articles\/read\/worlds-first-offshore-wind-repowering-completed-in-sweden."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0078","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112593","article-title":"Comparative analysis and improvement of grid-based wind farm layout optimization","volume":"208","author":"Gualtieri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Conversion and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0079","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2015.01.005","article-title":"A stochastic fleet size and mix model for maintenance operations at offshore wind farms","volume":"52","author":"Gundegjerde","year":"2015","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.04.020","article-title":"On offshore wind farm maintenance scheduling for decision support on vessel fleet composition","volume":"279","author":"Gutierrez-Alcoba","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0081","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Global wind workforce outlook","author":"GWEC","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0082","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Global offshore wind report 2024","author":"GWEC","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0083","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Global offshore wind report 2025","author":"GWEC","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0084","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2013.07.170","article-title":"Vessel fleet analysis for maintenance operations at offshore wind farms","volume":"35","author":"Halvorsen-Weare","year":"2013","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0085","series-title":"Journal of physics: Conference series","first-page":"022007","article-title":"An initial study into the potential of wind farm control to reduce fatigue loads and extend asset life","volume":"vol. 1618","author":"Harrison","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0086","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Capacity Density Considerations for Offshore Wind Plants in the United States","author":"Hernando","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0087","first-page":"1","article-title":"Set covering, packing, and partitioning problems","author":"Hoffman","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.117793","article-title":"Floating offshore wind farm installation, challenges and opportunities: A comprehensive survey","volume":"304","author":"Hong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0089","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2017.09.064","article-title":"Offshore wind farm repowering optimization","volume":"208","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1002\/we.2077","article-title":"Overall optimization for offshore wind farm electrical system","volume":"20","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0091","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2016.11.083","article-title":"Combined optimization for offshore wind turbine micro siting","volume":"189","author":"Hou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0092","article-title":"Optimization of decommission strategy for offshore wind farms","volume":"2016-Novem","author":"Hou","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0093","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1007\/s40565-019-0550-5","article-title":"A review of offshore wind farm layout optimization and electrical system design methods","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0094","series-title":"2007 International conference on intelligent systems applications to power systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Distributed genetic algorithm for optimization of wind farm annual profits","author":"Huang","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0095","series-title":"2009\u202fIEEE International symposium on industrial electronics","first-page":"2196","article-title":"Efficient hybrid distributed genetic algorithms for wind turbine positioning in large wind farms","author":"Huang","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.1080\/00207543.2017.1403661","article-title":"A combined supply chain optimisation model for the installation phase of offshore wind projects","volume":"56","author":"Irawan","year":"2018","journal-title":"International Journal of Production Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0097","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.08.032","article-title":"Simulation-based optimisation for stochastic maintenance routing in an offshore wind farm","volume":"289","author":"Irawan","year":"2021","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2015.09.010","article-title":"Bi-objective optimisation model for installation scheduling in offshore wind farms","volume":"78","author":"Irawan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2241","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2022.2136543","article-title":"A combined tactical and operational framework for maintenance scheduling and routing in offshore wind farms","volume":"74","author":"Irawan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.05.059","article-title":"Optimisation of maintenance routing and scheduling for offshore wind farms","volume":"256","author":"Irawan","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2022.105825","article-title":"A continuous location and maintenance routing problem for offshore wind farms: Mathematical models and hybrid methods","volume":"144","author":"Irawan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Computers and Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.09.032","article-title":"Layout optimisation for an installation port of an offshore wind farm","volume":"259","author":"Irawan","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00291-019-00546-z","article-title":"An optimisation model for scheduling the decommissioning of an offshore wind farm","volume":"41","author":"Irawan","year":"2019","journal-title":"OR Spectrum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0104","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Floating offshore wind outlook","author":"IRENA","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0105","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Renewable power generation costs in 2023","author":"IRENA","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0106","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Renewable power generation costs in 2024","author":"IRENA","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procs.2011.08.087","article-title":"Optimization of wind turbine placement using a viral based optimization algorithm","volume":"6","author":"Ituarte-Villarreal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Procedia Computer Science"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/15567249.2021.1941434","article-title":"A multi-attribute review toward effective planning of end-of-life strategies for offshore wind farms","volume":"16","author":"Jadali","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Sources, Part B: Economics, Planning, and Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0109","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"A note on wind generator interaction","author":"Jensen","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2019.113719","article-title":"Cable routing optimization for offshore wind power plants via wind scenarios considering power loss cost model","volume":"254","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/0038-092X(87)90053-3","article-title":"Optimal spacing of wind turbines in a wind energy power plant","volume":"39","author":"Kaminsky","year":"1987","journal-title":"Solar Energy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.1080\/01605682.2018.1500977","article-title":"A combined fast greedy heuristic for the capacitated multicommodity network design problem","volume":"70","author":"Katayama","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of the Operational Research Society"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0113","first-page":"179","article-title":"Multi-horizon stochastic programming","volume":"11","author":"Kaut","year":"2013","journal-title":"Computational Management Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0114","series-title":"Knapsack problems","author":"Kellerer","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omega.2016.01.011","article-title":"Optimised scheduling for weather sensitive offshore construction projects","volume":"66","author":"Kerkhove","year":"2017","journal-title":"Omega"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cirp.2011.03.049","article-title":"A system for the detailed scheduling of wind farm maintenance","volume":"60","author":"Kov\u00e1cs","year":"2011","journal-title":"CIRP Annals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2024.118306","article-title":"An optimization method for maintenance routing and scheduling in offshore wind farms based on chaotic quantum Harris hawks optimization","volume":"308","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2020.112964","article-title":"Wind farm macro-siting optimization with insightful bi-criteria identification and relocation mechanism in genetic algorithm","volume":"217","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy Conversion and Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyr.2022.04.002","article-title":"Reborn and upgrading: Optimum repowering planning for offshore wind farms","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Energy Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0120","article-title":"Formulation and analysis of grid and coordinate models for planning wind farm layouts","volume":"5","author":"Long","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Access 2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8339","DOI":"10.3390\/en8088339","article-title":"Failure mode identification and end of life scenarios of offshore wind turbines: A review","volume":"8","author":"Luengo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120758","article-title":"DivideMerge: A multi-vessel optimization approach for cooperative operation and maintenance scheduling in offshore wind farm","volume":"229","author":"Ma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1111\/itor.12950","article-title":"Location-routing problem: A classification of recent research","volume":"28","author":"Mara","year":"2021","journal-title":"International Transactions in Operational Research"},{"issue":"012021","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0124","article-title":"A tool to simulate decommissioning offshore wind farms","volume":"1356","author":"McAuliffe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0125","unstructured":"McLean, S. (2025). Lessons learned from heavy maintenance at the world\u2019s first commercial floating wind farm. Accessed: 2025-04-16 https:\/\/www.spinergie.com\/blog\/lessons-learned-from-heavy-maintenance-at-the-worlds-first-commercial-floating-wind-farm."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2015.08.214","article-title":"A novel and efficient hybrid optimization approach for wind farm micro-siting","volume":"48","author":"Mittal","year":"2015","journal-title":"IFAC-PapersOnLine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0127","unstructured":"Modern Power Systems (2023). Why bigger is not always better. Accessed: 2025-04-16 https:\/\/www.modernpowersystems.com\/analysis\/why-bigger-is-not-always-better-11095110\/?cf-view."},{"issue":"16\u201318","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2006.05.017","article-title":"An evolutive algorithm for wind farm optimal design","volume":"70","author":"Mora","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-6105(94)90080-9","article-title":"Optimization of wind turbine positioning in large windfarms by means of a genetic algorithm","volume":"51","author":"Mosetti","year":"1994","journal-title":"Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0130","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Demonstration of requirements for life extension of wind turbines beyond their design life","author":"Natarajan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2021.111158","article-title":"Service operation vessels for offshore wind farm maintenance: Optimal stock levels","volume":"146","author":"Neves-Moreira","year":"2021","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0132","series-title":"13th international conference on applications of statistics and probability in civil engineering, ICASP 2019","article-title":"Optimal decision making for life extension for wind turbines","author":"Nielsen","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1002\/we.2610","article-title":"Risk-based derivation of target reliability levels for life extension of wind turbine structural components","volume":"24","author":"Nielsen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Wind Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0134","series-title":"Proceedings - annual reliability and maintainability symposium","article-title":"Operation and maintenance decision-making using prognostic information","author":"Niknam","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0135","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Analysis of turbine layouts and spacing between wind farms for potential New York state offshore wind development","author":"NYSERDA","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2022.106020","article-title":"Optimal joint maintenance and orienteering strategy for complex mission-oriented systems: A case study in offshore wind energy","volume":"149","author":"O\u2019Neil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2012.08.022","article-title":"Preparing for end of service life of wind turbines","volume":"39","author":"Ortegon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Cleaner Production"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2003.12.006","article-title":"Heuristic methods for wind energy conversion system positioning","volume":"70","author":"Ozturk","year":"2004","journal-title":"Electric Power Systems Research"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2013.04.058","article-title":"A survey on maritime fleet size and mix problems","volume":"235","author":"Pantuso","year":"2014","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.2014.0612","article-title":"Solving hierarchical stochastic programs: application to the maritime fleet renewal problem","volume":"27","author":"Pantuso","year":"2015","journal-title":"INFORMS Journal on Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2017.02.017","article-title":"Wind farm layout optimization using a Gaussian-based wake model","volume":"107","author":"Parada","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egypro.2019.01.233","article-title":"Layout optimization of a wind farm using geometric pattern-based approach","volume":"158","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energy Procedia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0143","article-title":"Hydrogen pipelines vs. HVDC lines: Should we transfer green molecules or electrons?","author":"Patonia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Oxford Institute for Energy Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/00375497211028605","article-title":"A simulation-driven online scheduling algorithm for the maintenance and operation of wind farm systems","volume":"98","author":"P\u00e9rez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Simulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0145","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"A Guide to UK Offshore Wind Operations and Maintenance","author":"Philips","year":"2018"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2014.992892","article-title":"Offshore wind farm electrical cable layout optimization","volume":"47","author":"Pillai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Engineering Optimization"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2004.09.033","article-title":"Upper bounds and exact algorithms for p-dispersion problems","volume":"33","author":"Pisinger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0148","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Upper bounds and anticipative algorithms for the integrated wind farm layout and cable routing problem","author":"Pisinger","year":"2025"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.2018.0879","article-title":"Modeling a multitarget attacker-defender game with budget constraints","volume":"32","author":"Poikonen","year":"2017","journal-title":"INFORMS Journal on Computing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0150","unstructured":"POWER (2016). Vattenfall completes world\u2019s first decommissioning of an offshore wind farm. Accessed: 2025-05-29 https:\/\/www.powermag.com\/vattenfall-completes-worlds-first-decommissioning-offshore-wind-farm\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11625-018-0627-5","article-title":"Three pillars of sustainability: In search of conceptual origins","volume":"14","author":"Purvis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sustainability Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0152","article-title":"Simultaneous optimisation of cable connection schemes and capacity for offshore wind farms via a modified bat algorithm","volume":"9","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Sciences (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jmse5010011","article-title":"Scheduling of maintenance tasks and routing of a joint vessel fleet for multiple offshore wind farms","volume":"5","author":"Raknes","year":"2017","journal-title":"Journal of Marine Science and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0154","unstructured":"Ramboll (2023). Energy islands: How do we make them cost-competitive?Accessed: 2025-04-17 https:\/\/www.ramboll.com\/en-gb\/insights\/decarbonise-for-net-zero\/energy-islands-how-do-we-make-them-cost-competitive."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0155","unstructured":"Renkema, D. J. (2007). Validation of wind turbine wake models."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4335","DOI":"10.3390\/en12224335","article-title":"The application of water cycle optimization algorithm for optimal placement of wind turbines in wind farms","volume":"12","author":"Rezk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Energies"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5030","DOI":"10.3390\/app9235030","article-title":"Evaluation of loading bay restrictions for the installation of offshore wind farms using a combination of mixed-integer linear programming and model predictive control","volume":"9","author":"Rippel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Applied Sciences (Switzerland)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1260\/0309-524X.33.3.287","article-title":"Solving the turbine positioning problem for large offshore wind farms by simulated annealing","volume":"33","author":"Rivas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Wind Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0159","series-title":"The wind farm layout optimization problem","author":"Samorani","year":"2013"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0160","first-page":"371","article-title":"A milp for installation scheduling of offshore wind farms","volume":"5","author":"Scholz-Reiter","year":"2010","journal-title":"International Journal of Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cor.2018.05.019","article-title":"Coordinating technician allocation and maintenance routing for offshore wind farms","volume":"98","author":"Schrotenboer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Computers & Operations Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1287\/trsc.2018.0880","article-title":"A branch-and-price-and-cut algorithm for resource-constrained pickup and delivery problems","volume":"53","author":"Schrotenboer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Transportation Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2019.12.014","article-title":"Mixed integer programming models for planning maintenance at offshore wind farms under uncertainty","volume":"112","author":"Schrotenboer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0164","unstructured":"ScottishPower Renewables, & Stillstrom by Maersk (2025). Electrification of service operation vessels. White paper https:\/\/www.scottishpowerrenewables.com\/userfiles\/file\/Electrification-of-SOVs.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shafiee, M. (2015). Maintenance logistics organization for offshore wind energy: Current progress and future perspectives.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2014.11.045"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shafiee, M., & Animah, I. (2017). Life extension decision making of safety critical systems: An overview,.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jlp.2017.03.008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2024.114991","article-title":"Holistic opportunistic maintenance scheduling and routing for offshore wind farms","volume":"207","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1002\/we.339","article-title":"Optimal positioning of wind turbines on g\u00f6k\u00e7eada using multi-objective genetic algorithm","volume":"13","author":"\u015ei\u015fbot","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wind Energy: An International Journal for Progress and Applications in Wind Power Conversion Technology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oceaneng.2017.09.009","article-title":"Testing the robustness of optimal access vessel fleet selection for operation and maintenance of offshore wind farms","volume":"145","author":"Sperstad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ocean Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0170","unstructured":"Staffell, I. (2012). Wind turbine power curves. Working paper, accessed October 29, 2025 https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/1489838\/Wind_Turbine_Power_Curves."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0171","first-page":"257","article-title":"A dual-level stochastic fleet size and mix problem for offshore wind farm maintenance operations","volume":"59","author":"St\u00e5lhane","year":"2021","journal-title":"INFOR: Information Systems and Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0172","series-title":"Energy procedia","first-page":"291","article-title":"Optimizing jack-up vessel strategies for maintaining offshore wind farms","volume":"vol. 137","author":"St\u00e5lhane","year":"2017"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2019.01.023","article-title":"Optimizing vessel fleet size and mix to support maintenance operations at offshore wind farms","volume":"276","author":"St\u00e5lhane","year":"2019","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0174","series-title":"Energy procedia","first-page":"92","article-title":"Optimization of routing and scheduling of vessels to perform maintenance at offshore wind farms","volume":"vol. 80","author":"St\u00e5lhane","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0175","series-title":"Energy procedia","first-page":"357","article-title":"Vessel fleet optimization for maintenance operations at offshore wind farms under uncertainty","volume":"vol. 94","author":"St\u00e5lhane","year":"2016"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.3022378","article-title":"Joint optimization of wind turbine micrositing and cabling in an offshore wind farm","volume":"12","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2020.118339","article-title":"Nonuniform wind farm layout optimization: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"209","author":"Tao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1049\/rpg2.12593","article-title":"Wind farm array cable layout optimisation for complex offshore sites-A decomposition based heuristic approach","volume":"17","author":"Taylor","year":"2022","journal-title":"IET Renewable Power Generation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.5194\/wes-8-865-2023","article-title":"A comparison of eight optimization methods applied to a wind farm layout optimization problem","volume":"8","author":"Thomas","year":"2023","journal-title":"Wind Energy Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2016.10.066","article-title":"Sustainable decommissioning of an offshore wind farm","volume":"102","author":"Topham","year":"2017","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2013.10.023","article-title":"A new mathematical programming approach to optimize wind farm layouts","volume":"63","author":"Turner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2016.08.057","article-title":"A benders decomposition approach for solving the offshore wind farm installation planning at the north sea","volume":"258","author":"Ursavas","year":"2017","journal-title":"European Journal of Operational Research"},{"issue":"August 2018","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2019.03.055","article-title":"Evaluating resource sharing for offshore wind farm maintenance: The case of jack-up vessels","volume":"109","author":"uit het Broek","year":"2019","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"},{"issue":"December","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0184","first-page":"1","article-title":"Optimisation of maintenance strategies for offshore wind farms","author":"van de Pieterman","year":"2011","journal-title":"The Offshore 2011 conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seta.2016.02.001","article-title":"Assessment approaches to logistics for offshore wind energy installation","volume":"14","author":"Vis","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1016\/j.petrol.2018.10.049","article-title":"Plug & abandonment of offshore wells: Ensuring long-term well integrity and cost-efficiency","volume":"173","author":"Vr\u00e5lstad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0187","article-title":"Economic feasibility study for continued operation of german offshore wind farms","volume":"2626","author":"Walgern","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of Physics: Conference Series"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/0020-0190(85)90044-4","article-title":"Constructing the visibility graph for n-line segments in o (n2) time","volume":"20","author":"Welzl","year":"1985","journal-title":"Information Processing Letters"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0189","series-title":"Technical Report","article-title":"Wind energy digitalisation towards 2030","author":"WindEurope","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2019.07.002","article-title":"A design methodology for wind farm layout considering cable routing and economic benefit based on genetic algorithm and geosteiner","volume":"146","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2013.2283219","article-title":"Optimization of the wind turbine layout and transmission system planning for a large-scale offshore windfarm by AI technology","volume":"50","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2012.05.020","article-title":"A GRASP-VNS algorithm for optimal wind-turbine placement in wind farms","volume":"48","author":"Yin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Renewable Energy"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1007\/s13675-014-0024-5","article-title":"Solving wind farm layout optimization with mixed integer programs and constraint programs","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"EURO Journal on Computational Optimization"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0194","series-title":"Advanced materials research","first-page":"294","article-title":"Scheduling and routing optimization of maintenance fleet for offshore wind farms using Duo-Aco","volume":"vol. 1039","author":"Zhang","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2017.09.100","article-title":"Lifetime extension of onshore wind turbines: A review covering germany, spain, denmark, and the UK","volume":"82","author":"Ziegler","year":"2018","journal-title":"Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Operational Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221726002109?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0377221726002109?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,21]],"date-time":"2026-05-21T12:02:01Z","timestamp":1779364921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0377221726002109"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":195,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0377221726002109"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0377-2217"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0377-2217","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Optimization in offshore wind farms \u2013 a survey of problems, models, and solution approaches","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"European Journal of Operational Research","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejor.2026.03.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}