{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T08:20:53Z","timestamp":1768292453785,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,2]],"date-time":"2025-12-02T12:09:31Z","timestamp":1764677371000},"page":"113349","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Neural network-guided genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization of fin-and-tube heat exchangers incorporating novel curved winglets"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"165","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-0395-6163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rishikesh","family":"Sharma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dipti Prasad","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3199-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lakhbir Singh","family":"Brar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2015.01.044","article-title":"Optimization of shape and angle of attack of winglet vortex generator in a rectangular channel for heat transfer enhancement","volume":"81","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib2","series-title":"International Conference on Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.11159\/ffhmt25.173","article-title":"Smart predictive maintenance of heat exchangers using AI and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy","author":"Abushammala","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/5.0119479","article-title":"Modeling and optimization of heat exchanger using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm","volume":"2690","author":"Al Ruhaili","year":"2023","journal-title":"AIP Conf. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.26701\/ems.1298839","article-title":"Optimisation of design parameters of the finned tube heat exchanger by numerical simulations and artificial neural networks for the condensing wall hang boilers","volume":"7","author":"Avc\u0131","year":"2023","journal-title":"European Mechanical Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2024.104135","article-title":"Bow-shaped vortex generators in finned-tube heat exchangers; ANN\/GA-based hydrothermal\/structural optimization","volume":"55","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.2514\/3.28769","article-title":"Computation of laminar mixed convection flow in a channel with wing type built-in obstacles","volume":"3","author":"Biswas","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Thermophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/fluids5040242","article-title":"Numerical analysis of tube heat exchanger with perforated star-shaped fins","volume":"5","author":"Bo\u0161njakovi\u0107","year":"2020","journal-title":"Fluid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1109\/4235.996017","article-title":"A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II","volume":"6","author":"Deb","year":"2002","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2016.06.015","article-title":"An investigation on thermo-hydraulic performance of a flat-plate channel with pyramidal protrusions","volume":"106","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2014.12.006","article-title":"Numerical study of liquid flow and heat transfer in rectangular microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators","volume":"78","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2016.01.102","article-title":"Heat transfer and entropy generation in a microchannel with longitudinal vortex generators using nanofluids","volume":"101","author":"Ebrahimi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.egyai.2024.100370","article-title":"Machine and deep learning driven models for the design of heat exchangers with micro-finned tubes","volume":"16","author":"Efatinasab","year":"2024","journal-title":"Energy and AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1205\/026387698524686","article-title":"Vortices, generators and heat transfer","volume":"76","author":"Fiebig","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. Res. Des."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib15","first-page":"2909","article-title":"Wing type vortex generators for heat transfer enhancement","volume":"8","author":"Fiebig","year":"1986","journal-title":"International Heat Transfer Conference"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib16","first-page":"81","article-title":"Fluid flow in heat exchangers whose flow passages contain periodically deployed tubes","volume":"62","author":"Floan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Numer. Heat Transf. A Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib17","series-title":"Genetic Algorithms in Search and Optimization, and Machine Learning","author":"Goldberg","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib18","series-title":"ACM 3 297-314-1975 Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems","article-title":"Outline for a logical theory of adaptive systems J","author":"Holland","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5115","DOI":"10.3390\/en18195115","article-title":"Machine learning for design optimization and PCM-based storage in plate heat exchangers: a review","volume":"18","author":"Isania","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energies"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrefrig.2007.04.011","article-title":"Heat transfer enhancement by winglet-type vortex generator arrays in compact plain-fin-and-tube heat exchangers","volume":"31","author":"Joardar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Refrig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2023.103845","article-title":"Unified ANN model for heat transfer factor (j) and friction factor (f) prediction in offset strip and wavy fin PFHEs","volume":"53","author":"Kedam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2021.101322","article-title":"Prediction of heat transfer enhancement of delta-wing tape inserts using artificial neural network","volume":"27","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.120912","article-title":"Experimental and numerical studies of air flow and heat transfer due to insertion of novel delta-winglet tapes in a heated channel","volume":"169","author":"Khoshvaght-Aliabadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Tran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib24","series-title":"Heat and Mass Transfer Data Book","author":"Kothandaraman","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4010","DOI":"10.1175\/JAS3624.1","article-title":"Supplying local microphysics parameterizations with information about subgrid variability: latin hypercube sampling","volume":"62","author":"Larson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Atmos. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib26","first-page":"593","article-title":"Latin hypercubes and space-filling designs","author":"Lin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Handbook of design and analysis of experiments"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.47709\/ijmdsa.v3i4.4617","article-title":"Using AI to increase heat exchanger efficiency: an extensive analysis of innovations and uses","volume":"3","author":"Lodhi","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Sciences and Arts"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib28","article-title":"Numerical study of thermal performance on fin and tube heat exchanger with flat rectangular and sinusoidal winglet vortex generators","volume":"1\u201313","author":"Manickam","year":"2024","journal-title":"Qeios"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib29","first-page":"239","article-title":"A comparison of three methods for selecting values of input variables in the analysis of output from a computer code","volume":"21","author":"McKay","year":"1979","journal-title":"Technometrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.2514\/3.12149","article-title":"Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications","volume":"32","author":"Menter","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIAA J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10494-015-9622-4","article-title":"A one-equation local correlation-based transition model","volume":"95","author":"Menter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Flow Turbul. Combust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib32","article-title":"Design and optimization of heat exchangers using large language models","author":"Mishra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Fourth Workshop on Knowledge-infused Learning"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2018.03.028","article-title":"Numerical investigations on heat transfer characteristics of curved rectangular winglet placed in a channel","volume":"129","author":"Naik","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106103","article-title":"Flow and thermal characteristics produced by a curved rectangular winglet Vortex generator in a channel","volume":"135","author":"Naik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Tran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106103","article-title":"Flow and thermal characteristics produced by a curved rectangular winglet vortex generator in a channel","volume":"135","author":"Naik","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Tran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Numerical study of flow over annular-finned tube heat exchangers by different turbulent Models","volume":"6","author":"Nemati","year":"2014","journal-title":"CFD Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib37","article-title":"Design optimization of a plate-fin heat exchanger with metaheuristic hybrid algorithm","author":"Pachpute","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heat Transfer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2004.10.013","article-title":"Experimental study of the effect of winglet location on heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop in fin-tube heat exchangers","volume":"25","author":"Pesteei","year":"2005","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2022.107733","article-title":"Thermohydraulic performance and entropy generation in heat exchanger tube with louvered winglet tapes","volume":"181","author":"Promvonge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124261","article-title":"Thermal performance and exergy analysis in a round tube with louvered trapezoidal winglets","volume":"212","author":"Promvonge","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Tran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib41","series-title":"Engineering heat transfer","author":"Rathore","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.03.036","article-title":"Effects of winglets to augment tube wall heat transfer in louvered fin heat exchangers","volume":"49","author":"Sanders","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Mass Tran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2017.01.106","article-title":"Effect of winglet location on heat transfer of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger","volume":"116","author":"Sarangi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib44","first-page":"1782","article-title":"Evaluation of the thermo- uid performance of a split-winglet supported elliptical tube type n-and-tube heat transfer surface","volume":"29","author":"Sarangi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sci. Iran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4056384","article-title":"Performance evaluation of a fin and tube heat exchanger based on different shapes of the winglets","volume":"15","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Therm. Sci. Eng. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib48","article-title":"Application of response surface methodology and artificial neural network to optimize the curved trapezoidal winglet geometry for enhancing the performance of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger","volume":"16","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Energies (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2020.116088","article-title":"Analysis and optimization of the curved trapezoidal winglet geometry in a compact heat exchanger","volume":"182","author":"Sarangi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2021.106872","article-title":"Analysis and optimization of the curved trapezoidal winglet geometry in a high-efficiency compact heat exchanger","volume":"164","author":"Sarangi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107804","article-title":"Performance enhancement of a fin and tube heat exchanger with the novel arrangement of curved winglets using a multi-objective optimization approach","volume":"157","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. Commun. Heat Mass Tran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib50","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization of fin and tube heat exchanger with triple inclined straight winglets for performance enhancement","author":"Sharma","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Enhanc. Heat Transf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsoft.2017.03.010","article-title":"Progressive Latin hypercube sampling: an efficient approach for robust sampling-based analysis of environmental models","volume":"93","author":"Sheikholeslami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environ. Model. Software"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107035","article-title":"The optimal longitudinal location of curved winglets for better thermal performance of a finned-tube heat exchanger","volume":"167","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2021.107035","article-title":"The optimal longitudinal location of curved winglets for better thermal performance of a finned-tube heat exchanger","volume":"167","author":"Shi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2017.10.110","article-title":"Thermal performance of heat exchanger tube inserted with curved-winglet tapes","volume":"129","author":"Skullong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expthermflusci.2016.11.002","article-title":"Effect of geometric size of curved delta winglet vortex generators and tube pitch on heat transfer characteristics of fin-tube heat exchanger","volume":"82","author":"Song","year":"2017","journal-title":"Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijthermalsci.2018.11.002","article-title":"Heat transfer characteristics of concave and convex curved vortex generators in the channel of plate heat exchanger under laminar flow","volume":"137","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Therm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijheatfluidflow.2024.109485","article-title":"Effect of wavy delta winglet vortex generators on heat transfer performance of a fin-and-tube heat exchanger","volume":"108","author":"Song","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1162\/evco.1994.2.3.221","article-title":"Muiltiobjective optimization using nondominated sorting in genetic algorithms","volume":"2","author":"Srinivas","year":"1994","journal-title":"Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2024.123775","article-title":"A parametric optimization framework for fin-and-tube heat exchangers based on response surface methodology and artificial intelligence","volume":"253","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib60","author":"Sund\u00e9n"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.5614\/MESIN.2023.29.2.4","article-title":"Multi-objective finned-tube heat exchanger optimization using a genetic algorithm","volume":"29","author":"Suyatna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mesin"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2014.10.070","article-title":"An overview on thermal and fluid flow characteristics in a plain plate finned and un-finned tube banks heat exchanger","volume":"43","author":"Tahseen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2024.123376","article-title":"Performance enhancement of high temperature fin-and-tube heat exchanger employing winglet combined vortex generators","volume":"249","author":"Tian","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1115\/1.2911462","article-title":"Comparison of wing-type vortex generators for heat transfer enhancement in channel flows","volume":"116","author":"Tiggelbeck","year":"1994","journal-title":"J. Heat Tran."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib65","first-page":"1885","article-title":"Values and benefits of improving the performance of existing heat exchangers used in the hydrocarbon processing industries","volume":"61","author":"Varbanov","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem Eng Trans"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib66","series-title":"On the Accuracy of Limiters and Convergence to Steady State Solutions","author":"Venkatakrishnan","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1080\/01457632.2012.692293","article-title":"Enhanced heat transfer performance of air-cooled heat exchangers using partial bypass concept","volume":"33","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heat Transf. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-6596\/2044\/1\/012121","article-title":"Study on thermal-hydraulic characteristics of hybrid heat exchangers with interpolated etched plates","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib69","article-title":"Machine learning and computational fluid dynamics based optimization of finned heat pipe radiator performance","volume":"78","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Build. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2024.124082","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization of heat transfer performance of H-type fin with vortex generator based on NSGA-II","volume":"256","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2023.121448","article-title":"A comparative study of fluid flow and heat transfer in the tube with multi-V-winglets vortex generators","volume":"236","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1002\/ese3.897","article-title":"Optimization of wavy fin-and-elliptical tube heat exchanger using CFD, multi-objective genetic algorithm and radical basis function","volume":"9","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Energy Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib73","series-title":"AIP Conference Proceedings","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4990164","article-title":"Numerical investigation on the performance of fin and tube heat exchangers using rectangular vortex generators","author":"Zeeshan","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib74","series-title":"Proceedings - SIGGRAPH 2025 Conference Papers","article-title":"DualMS: implicit dual-channel minimal surface optimization for heat exchanger design","author":"Zhang","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.csite.2023.103612","article-title":"Analysis of the thermal improvement of plate fin-tube heat exchanger with straight and curved rectangular winglet vortex generators","volume":"51","author":"Zhao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Case Stud. Therm. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applthermaleng.2011.11.024","article-title":"Experimental investigations of thermal and flow characteristics of curved trapezoidal winglet type vortex generators","volume":"37","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Appl. Therm. Eng."}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197625033809?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197625033809?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T00:14:55Z","timestamp":1768263295000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197625033809"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["S0952197625033809"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Neural network-guided genetic algorithm for multi-objective optimization of fin-and-tube heat exchangers incorporating novel curved winglets","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.113349","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"113349"}}