{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T18:09:27Z","timestamp":1778782167452,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":94,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62363005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62363005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004479","name":"Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20232BAB202034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20232BAB202034"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004479","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T17:43:55Z","timestamp":1774892635000},"page":"114645","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Integration of multiple constraint-treating approaches for uncertain automatic parking path optimization utilizing competition and cooperation-driven differential evolution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"175","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0473-0804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiang","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-018-1419-6","article-title":"An upgraded firefly algorithm with feasibility-based rules for constrained engineering optimization problems","volume":"30","author":"Brajevi\u0107","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2006.872133","article-title":"Self-adapting control parameters in differential evolution: A comparative study on numerical benchmark problems","volume":"10","author":"Brest","year":"2006","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15422","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3605300","article-title":"Optimization-based automated parking trajectory planning in unstructured environments with efficient obstacle query","volume":"26","author":"Cao","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G008612","article-title":"Chance-constrained optimal control approach to formation mission design for commercial aircraft","author":"Cerezo-Maga\u00f1a","year":"2026","journal-title":"J. Guid. Control. Dynam."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.2534","article-title":"A novel adaptive pseudospectral method for the optimal control problem of automatic car parking","volume":"24","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Asian J. Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8772","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2025.3539446","article-title":"An anytime trajectory optimizer for accurately parking an autonomous vehicle in tiny spaces","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Veh. Tech."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2447","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2019.2932078","article-title":"Data-driven nonparametric chance-constrained optimization for microgrid energy management","volume":"16","author":"Ciftci","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inf."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1080\/0305215X.2012.685074","article-title":"A bi-objective constrained optimization algorithm using a hybrid evolutionary and penalty function approach","volume":"45","author":"Deb","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eng. Optim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2025.102157","article-title":"Feasibility-guided search and prediction for dynamic constrained multiobjective evolutionary optimization","volume":"99","author":"Dong","year":"2025","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-020-09952-0","article-title":"Metaheuristics: a comprehensive overview and classification along with bibliometric analysis","volume":"54","author":"Ezugwu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121983","article-title":"Pedestrian and vehicle behaviour prediction in autonomous vehicle system-A review","volume":"238","author":"Galvao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2014.2345478","article-title":"A dual-population differential evolution with coevolution for constrained optimization","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2015.03.016","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization based reverse strategy with differential evolution algorithm for constrained optimization problems","volume":"42","author":"Gao","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2019.05.005","article-title":"Data-driven decision making in power systems with probabilistic guarantees: Theory and applications of chance-constrained optimization","volume":"47","author":"Geng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Control."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-1098(88)90003-9","article-title":"Control parametrization: a unified approach to optimal control problems with general constraints","volume":"24","author":"Goh","year":"1988","journal-title":"Automatica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.2514\/1.G002928","article-title":"Robust aircraft trajectory planning under wind uncertainty using optimal control","volume":"41","author":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Arribas","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Guid. Control. Dynam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.130876","article-title":"Cooperative co-evolution based differential evolutional algorithm","volume":"307","author":"Gou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b18","article-title":"Beyond a single solution: Liquefied natural gas process optimization using niching-enhanced meta-heuristics","volume":"158","author":"Hamdy","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artifi. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b19","article-title":"Long-term scheduling strategy of hydro-wind-solar complementary system based on chaotic elite selection differential evolution algorithm with death penalty function","volume":"142","author":"He","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artifi. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b20","first-page":"1407","article-title":"A hybrid particle swarm optimization with a feasibility-based rule for constrained optimization","volume":"186","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl. Math. Comput."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16157","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2024.3428552","article-title":"Mirroring the parking target: An optimal-control-based parking motion planner with strengthened parking reliability and faster parking completion","volume":"25","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.125781","article-title":"A dual-dimensionality reduction strategy for optimization-based parallel parking path planner","volume":"263","author":"Hu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6130","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3550417","article-title":"Hope: A reinforcement learning-based hybrid policy path planner for diverse parking scenarios","volume":"26","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-024-05915-y","article-title":"An optimized path planning approach for automatic parking using hybrid A* bidirectional search","volume":"55","author":"Jin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1109\/TMAG.2006.892100","article-title":"Differential evolution strategy for constrained global optimization and application to practical engineering problems","volume":"43","author":"Kim","year":"2007","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Magn."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2019.2962338","article-title":"A survey of deep learning applications to autonomous vehicle control","volume":"22","author":"Kuutti","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1007\/s11081-022-09782-9","article-title":"Constraint handling techniques for metaheuristics: a state-of-the-art review and new variants","volume":"24","author":"Lagaros","year":"2023","journal-title":"Optim. Eng."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4356","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2017.2655299","article-title":"Coordinated autonomous vehicle parking for vehicle-to-grid services: Formulation and distributed algorithm","volume":"9","author":"Lam","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejor.2004.08.029","article-title":"An efficient, adaptive parameter variation scheme for metaheuristics based on the epsilon-constraint method","volume":"169","author":"Laumanns","year":"2006","journal-title":"European J. Oper. Res."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6049","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2021.3060706","article-title":"A graph-based algorithm for optimal control of switched systems: An application to car parking","volume":"66","author":"Laurini","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Automat. Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2019.113074","article-title":"Intelligent traffic control for autonomous vehicle systems based on machine learning","volume":"144","author":"Lee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2007.05.009","article-title":"Chance constrained programming approach to process optimization under uncertainty","volume":"32","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.knosys.2015.04.016","article-title":"A unified motion planning method for parking an autonomous vehicle in the presence of irregularly placed obstacles","volume":"86","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Knowl-Based Syst."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3263","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2016.2546386","article-title":"Time-optimal maneuver planning in automatic parallel parking using a simultaneous dynamic optimization approach","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Limmer, S., Udluft, S., Otte, C., 2025. Neural-anova: analytical model decomposition using automatic integration. In: 35th Int. Workshop Mach. Learn. Signal Process. MLSP, Istanbul, Turkiye, pp. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1109\/MLSP62443.2025.11204302"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b36","article-title":"Stagnation improved adaptive differential evolution for photovoltaic model parameter identification","volume":"163","author":"Lin","year":"2026","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artifi. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2023.122032","article-title":"Multi-strategy adaptive guidance differential evolution algorithm using fitness-distance balance and opposition-based learning for constrained global optimization of photovoltaic cells and modules","volume":"353","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.05.021","article-title":"A hybrid approach to constrained global optimization","volume":"47","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2024.101482","article-title":"Improved particle swarm optimization with reverse learning and neighbor adjustment for space surveillance network task scheduling","volume":"85","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b40","article-title":"Enhanced differential evolution with hierarchical selection mutation and distance-based selection strategy","volume":"144","author":"Luo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artifi. Intell."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2018.2868770","article-title":"A survey on cooperative co-evolutionary algorithms","volume":"23","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.energy.2025.134568","article-title":"Distributionally robust optimization of electric-thermal-hydrogen integrated energy system considering source-load uncertainty","volume":"316","author":"Ma","year":"2025","journal-title":"Energy"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2009.2033582","article-title":"Ensemble of constraint handling techniques","volume":"14","author":"Mallipeddi","year":"2010","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7492","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2025.3576071","article-title":"Chance-constrained sampling-based MPC for collision avoidance in uncertain dynamic environments","volume":"10","author":"Mohamed","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Let."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1049\/cth2.12538","article-title":"A non-linear fractional-order type-3 fuzzy control for enhanced path-tracking performance of autonomous cars","volume":"18","author":"Mohammadzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"IET Control Theory Appl."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.1007\/s10489-021-02653-3","article-title":"A human-like decision intelligence for obstacle avoidance in autonomous vehicle parking","volume":"52","author":"Nakrani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2013.05.029","article-title":"Optimal design of chemical processes with chance constraints","volume":"59","author":"Ostrovsky","year":"2013","journal-title":"Comput. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2024.126351","article-title":"A stage-based adaptive penalty method for constrained evolutionary optimization","volume":"269","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b49","article-title":"Differential Evolution: A review of more than two decades of research","volume":"90","author":"Pant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artifi. Intell."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3919","DOI":"10.1007\/s00500-017-2603-x","article-title":"A novel constraint-handling technique based on dynamic weights for constrained optimization problems","volume":"22","author":"Peng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118660","article-title":"Evolutionary constrained optimization with hybrid constraint-handling technique","volume":"211","author":"Peng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2020.3034180","article-title":"Ensemble many-objective optimization algorithm based on voting mechanism","volume":"52","author":"Qiu","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2021.3078486","article-title":"Partial evaluation strategies for expensive evolutionary constrained optimization","volume":"25","author":"Rahi","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-022-09859-9","article-title":"A review on constraint handling techniques for population-based algorithms: from single-objective to multi-objective optimization","volume":"30","author":"Rahimi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Meth. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10470-y","article-title":"An exhaustive review of the metaheuristic algorithms for search and optimization: taxonomy, applications, and open challenges","volume":"56","author":"Rajwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2026.102303","article-title":"A multitype constraint handling evolutionary algorithm for constrained multiobjective optimization problems","volume":"101","author":"Rao","year":"2026","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4904","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.2025.3546078","article-title":"Computing optimal joint chance constrained control policies","volume":"70","author":"Schmid","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Control."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TCYB.2026.3651242","article-title":"Evolutionary optimization-based design of LQG controllers in quantum coherent feedback","author":"Song","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Cybern."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008202821328","article-title":"Differential evolution-a simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces","volume":"11","author":"Storn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Global Optim."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2025.102188","article-title":"Differential evolution with bi-strategy co-deployment framework and diversity improvement","volume":"99","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tanabe, R., Fukunaga, A., 2013. Success-history based parameter adaptation for differential evolution. In: IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation. pp. 71\u201378.","DOI":"10.1109\/CEC.2013.6557555"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2014.2355174","article-title":"Meta-heuristic algorithms in car engine design: A literature survey","volume":"19","author":"Tayarani-N","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2020.3004012","article-title":"A coevolutionary framework for constrained multiobjective optimization problems","volume":"25","author":"Tian","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2018.02.012","article-title":"Autonomous vehicle perception: the technology of today and tomorrow","volume":"89","author":"Van Brummelen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Transp. Res. Part C: Emer. Technol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-023-09975-0","article-title":"A literature review and critical analysis of metaheuristics recently developed","volume":"31","author":"Velasco","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Meth. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2017.11.003","article-title":"Advanced chance-constrained predictive control for the efficient energy management of renewable power systems","volume":"74","author":"Vergara-Dietrich","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Process Control"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2010.2093582","article-title":"Combining multiobjective optimization with differential evolution to solve constrained optimization problems","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2010.2087271","article-title":"Differential evolution with composite trial vector generation strategies and control parameters","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.swevo.2025.101845","article-title":"A constrained multimodal multi-objective evolutionary algorithm based on adaptive epsilon method and two-level environmental selection","volume":"93","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Swarm Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1287\/ijoc.2024.0648","article-title":"A proximal difference-of-convex algorithm for sample average approximation of chance constrained programming","volume":"38","author":"Wang","year":"2026","journal-title":"INFORMS J. Comput."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1109\/TEVC.2019.2904900","article-title":"Utilizing the correlation between constraints and objective function for constrained evolutionary optimization","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput."},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3621","DOI":"10.1021\/ie010649s","article-title":"Nonlinear chance-constrained process optimization under uncertainty","volume":"41","author":"Wendt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.130986","article-title":"Adaptive multi-objective constraint-handling method for zinc hydrometallurgical purification process utilizing differential evolution","volume":"307","author":"Wu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.113427","article-title":"Bi-stage restriction-handling method for the preventive maintenance of a complex machine using differential evolution algorithm","volume":"181","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nahs.2022.101218","article-title":"A penalty function-based random search algorithm for optimal control of switched systems with stochastic constraints and its application in automobile test-driving with gear shifts","volume":"45","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nonlinear Anal. Hybrid Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2021.108090","article-title":"Numerical algorithm for optimal control of switched systems and its application in cancer chemotherapy","volume":"115","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b77","series-title":"Problem Definitions and Evaluation Criteria for the CEC 2017 Competition on Constrained Real-Parameter Optimization","author":"Wu","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.112900","article-title":"A differential evolution algorithm with diversity dynamic adjustment and two-phase constraint handling strategy for solving a pension fund investment problem under market uncertainty","volume":"172","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23329","DOI":"10.1007\/s11071-025-11366-y","article-title":"Dual-performance index optimization-based matrix adaptation evolutionary algorithm for optimal feedback control of probability path-constrained nonlinear dynamical systems","volume":"113","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dynam."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2015.04.002","article-title":"Three-dimensional trajectory design for horizontal well based on optimal switching algorithms","volume":"58","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"ISA Trans."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b81","article-title":"Chance constrained dynamic optimization approach for single machine scheduling involving flexible maintenance, production, and uncertainty","volume":"114","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artifi. Intell."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s11075-022-01425-5","article-title":"A limited-memory BFGS-based differential evolution algorithm for optimal control of nonlinear systems with mixed control variables and probability constraints","volume":"93","author":"Wu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Numer. Algorithms"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2025.3647205","article-title":"Ensemble transitive bidirectional decoupled self-distillation for time-series classification","volume":"56","author":"Xiao","year":"2026","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. : Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ins.2024.121536","article-title":"An adaptive helper and equivalent objective evolution strategy for constrained optimization","volume":"690","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inform. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b85","article-title":"HRL-KCAP: Hierarchical reinforcement learning with kinematic constraints for adaptive parking","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4853","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.8b04777","article-title":"Improved benders decomposition and feasibility validation for two-stage chance-constrained programs in process optimization","volume":"58","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-020-01565-2","article-title":"\u03f5 Constrained differential evolution using halfspace partition for optimization problems","volume":"32","author":"Yi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5758","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2025.3573195","article-title":"Objective-constraint correlation-guided evolutionary direction adaptive adjustment for expensive constrained optimization","volume":"55","author":"Yu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2024.109464","article-title":"Trajectory optimization for aerodynamically controlled missiles by chance-constrained sequential convex programming","volume":"153","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4864","DOI":"10.3390\/su12124864","article-title":"Neural-network-based dynamic distribution model of parking space under sharing and non-sharing modes","volume":"12","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b91","article-title":"An adaptive differential evolution with dynamic perturbation and dimensional bidirectional crossover mechanism for diversity enhancement","volume":"141","author":"Zhou","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Arti. Intell."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13685","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2023.3298110","article-title":"A twisted gaussian risk model considering target vehicle longitudinal-lateral motion states for host vehicle trajectory planning","volume":"24","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17055","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2025.3574505","article-title":"High-fidelity ultrasonic radar in-the-loop accelerated test for automatic parking systems","volume":"26","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645_b94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.robot.2016.02.004","article-title":"Optimisation based path planning for car parking in narrow environments","volume":"79","author":"Zips","year":"2016","journal-title":"Robot. Auton. Syst."}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626009279?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626009279?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,14]],"date-time":"2026-05-14T17:18:53Z","timestamp":1778779133000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197626009279"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":94,"alternative-id":["S0952197626009279"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Integration of multiple constraint-treating approaches for uncertain automatic parking path optimization utilizing competition and cooperation-driven differential evolution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114645","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114645"}}