{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,9]],"date-time":"2026-05-09T00:12:13Z","timestamp":1778285533636,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T08:19:18Z","timestamp":1775117958000},"page":"114659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Sustainable and energy-efficient electric vehicle route navigation using a hybrid quantum optimization algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3504-9694","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Pooja","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandeep Kumar","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2024.123244","article-title":"Variational quantum circuit based demand response in buildings leveraging a hybrid quantum-classical strategy","volume":"364","author":"Ajagekar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Qoe-based assignment of EVs to charging stations in metropolitan environments","author":"Aljaidi","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2022.105321","article-title":"Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle navigation using reinforcement learning: A systematic review","volume":"115","author":"AlMahamid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/JIOT.2024.3358900","article-title":"Quantum computing-inspired optimal power allocation mechanism in edge computing environment","author":"Bhatia","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Internet Things J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1109\/TIV.2017.2771233","article-title":"A time and energy efficient routing algorithm for electric vehicles based on historical driving data","volume":"2","author":"Bozorgi","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Veh."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.22331\/q-2022-03-30-678","article-title":"Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms for approximate graph coloring","volume":"6","author":"Bravyi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Quantum"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/00029890.1987.12000742","article-title":"An introduction to the ising model","volume":"94","author":"Cipra","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. Math. Mon."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b8","series-title":"2023 IEEE 26th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems","first-page":"5318","article-title":"Formulation of the electric vehicle charging and routing problem for a hybrid quantum-classical search space reduction heuristic","author":"De Andoin","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2787","DOI":"10.1109\/TITS.2019.2918019","article-title":"A model for range estimation and energy-efficient routing of electric vehicles in real-world conditions","volume":"21","author":"De Cauwer","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b10","series-title":"Proceedings of the Aaai Conference on Artificial Intelligence","first-page":"1108","article-title":"Optimal route planning for electric vehicles in large networks","volume":"vol. 25","author":"Eisner","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7566\/JPSJ.90.032001","article-title":"Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and quantum error mitigation","volume":"90","author":"Endo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Phys. Soc. Japan"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b12","series-title":"A quantum approximate optimization algorithm","author":"Farhi","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b13","series-title":"A quantum approximate optimization algorithm","author":"Farhi","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b14","series-title":"2016 IEEE International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications","first-page":"928","article-title":"Influence of battery capacity on performance of an electric vehicle fleet","author":"Fotouhi","year":"2016"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11567","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2024.3383101","article-title":"Maximum-likelihood detection with QAOA for massive MIMO and sherrington-kirkpatrick model with local field at infinite size","volume":"23","author":"G\u00fclbahar","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etran.2021.100143","article-title":"Electric vehicle route planning using real-world charging infrastructure in Germany","volume":"10","author":"Hecht","year":"2021","journal-title":"ETransportation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epsr.2022.108077","article-title":"An improved charging navigation strategy of electric vehicles via optimal time-of-use pricing","volume":"210","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Electr. Power Syst. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-017-9605-z","article-title":"Metaheuristic research: a comprehensive survey","volume":"52","author":"Hussain","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2024.109823","article-title":"Electric vehicle charging navigation strategy in coupled smart grid and transportation network: a hierarchical reinforcement learning approach","volume":"157","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2019.119911","article-title":"Adoption of electric vehicle: A literature review and prospects for sustainability","volume":"253","author":"Kumar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2024.123859","article-title":"Green drives: Understanding how environmental propensity, range and technological anxiety shape electric vehicle adoption intentions","volume":"210","author":"Kumar","year":"2025","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-022-07205-5","article-title":"A meta-heuristic-based energy efficient route modeling for EV on non-identical road surfaces","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1002\/net.3230110211","article-title":"Complexity of vehicle routing and scheduling problems","volume":"11","author":"Lenstra","year":"1981","journal-title":"Networks"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1109\/TCST.2017.2773520","article-title":"Electric vehicles en-route charging navigation systems: Joint charging and routing optimization","volume":"27","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Control Syst. Technol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8160","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2021.3131735","article-title":"En-route electric vehicles charging navigation considering the traffic-flow-dependent energy consumption","volume":"18","author":"Lu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-its.2013.0122","article-title":"Routing systems to extend the driving range of electric vehicles","volume":"7","author":"Neaimeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"IET Intell. Transp. Syst."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1007\/s12517-022-10957-y","article-title":"An intelligent framework of route optimization to garbage collector vehicle in hilly city Shimla, India","volume":"15","author":"Pal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arab. J. Geosci."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6449","DOI":"10.3390\/app11146449","article-title":"Combinatorial optimization problems and metaheuristics: Review, challenges, design, and development","volume":"11","author":"Peres","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/TSMC.2024.3428707","article-title":"Scientometric analysis of quantum algorithms for VANET optimization","author":"Pooja","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Syst. Man, Cybern.: Syst."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10659-1","article-title":"Scientometric analysis of quantum-inspired metaheuristic algorithms","volume":"57","author":"Pooja","year":"2024","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2019.2942593","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning for EV charging navigation by coordinating smart grid and intelligent transportation system","volume":"11","author":"Qian","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b32","series-title":"IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering","article-title":"Route planning and charging navigation strategy for electric vehicles based on real-time traffic information and grid information","volume":"vol. 752","author":"Qiang","year":"2020"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13187","DOI":"10.1007\/s10462-023-10470-y","article-title":"An exhaustive review of the metaheuristic algorithms for search and optimization: taxonomy, applications, and open challenges","volume":"56","author":"Rajwar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14861","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2024.3466949","article-title":"A leap from theory to reality: Knowledge visualization of quantum computing","volume":"71","author":"Rawat","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2025.3530952","article-title":"Evolutionary algorithms and quantum computing: Recent advances, opportunities, and challenges","author":"ur Rehman","year":"2025","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128068","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2020.3009318","article-title":"A systematic review of hyper-heuristics on combinatorial optimization problems","volume":"8","author":"S\u00e1nchez","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3545","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2020.2965568","article-title":"A distributed EV navigation strategy considering the interaction between power system and traffic network","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11831-023-09973-2","article-title":"Archives of quantum computing: research progress and challenges","volume":"31","author":"Sood","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arch. Comput. Methods Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6662","DOI":"10.1109\/TEM.2023.3284689","article-title":"Quantum computing review: A decade of research","volume":"71","author":"Sood","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b40","article-title":"Quantum-inspired metaheuristic algorithms for industry 4.0: A scientometric analysis","volume":"139","author":"Sood","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2016.12.027","article-title":"A simulated annealing heuristic for the hybrid vehicle routing problem","volume":"53","author":"Vincent","year":"2017","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29173","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2019.2899265","article-title":"A hierarchical navigation strategy of EV fast charging based on dynamic scene","volume":"7","author":"Xia","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apenergy.2025.125279","article-title":"Quantum reinforcement learning for real-time optimization in electric vehicle charging systems","volume":"383","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Energy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2214","DOI":"10.1109\/TII.2017.2682960","article-title":"Electric vehicle route selection and charging navigation strategy based on crowd sensing","volume":"13","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1109\/TSG.2014.2382684","article-title":"Electric vehicle route optimization considering time-of-use electricity price by learnable partheno-genetic algorithm","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Smart Grid"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2024.123770","article-title":"Direct network effects in electric vehicle adoption","volume":"209","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Technol. Forecast. Soc. Change"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijepes.2024.109931","article-title":"A novel navigation and charging strategy for electric vehicles based on customer classification in power-traffic network","volume":"158","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Electr. Power Energy Syst."}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626009413?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626009413?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T23:28:59Z","timestamp":1778282939000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197626009413"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0952197626009413"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Sustainable and energy-efficient electric vehicle route navigation using a hybrid quantum optimization algorithm","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114659","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114659"}}