{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T06:08:42Z","timestamp":1778566122810,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013280","name":"Major Basic Research Project of the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14KJB520025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14KJB520025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013280","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004608","name":"Jiangsu Province Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BK20141005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BK20141005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004608","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002949","name":"Jiangsu Province People&apos;s Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61902281"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61902281"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62376127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62376127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61876089"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876089"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61876185"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61876185"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["61403206"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["61403206"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T08:18:01Z","timestamp":1775809081000},"page":"114716","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Application of a dynamic object detector with adaptive adjustment based on image complexity in the detection of drone aerial images"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6100-6532","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ferrante","family":"Neri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0349-1777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9069-7547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yu","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2005-1249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1rcio P.","family":"Basgalupp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8040153","article-title":"Advancing drone operations through lightweight blockchain and fog computing integration: A systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Aldossri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b2","series-title":"YOLOv4: Optimal speed and accuracy of object detection","author":"Bochkovskiy","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b3","series-title":"COCO-stuff: Thing and stuff classes in context","author":"Caesar","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1007\/s11263-009-0275-4","article-title":"The pascal visual object classes (VOC) challenge","volume":"88","author":"Everingham","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Comput. Vis."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.3390\/drones7100616","article-title":"Efficient YOLOv7-drone: An enhanced object detection approach for drone aerial imagery","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b6","series-title":"YOLOX: Exceeding YOLO series in 2021","author":"Ge","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b7","series-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"1440","article-title":"Fast R-CNN","author":"Girshick","year":"2015"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7436","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3117837","article-title":"Dynamic neural networks: A survey","volume":"44","author":"Han","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b9","series-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"2980","article-title":"Mask R-CNN","author":"He","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b10","first-page":"38","article-title":"UAV-based vehicle detection by multi-source images","volume":"vol. 773","author":"Jiang","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.110466","article-title":"A deep neural network for small object detection in complex environments with unmanned aerial vehicle imagery","volume":"148","author":"Jobaer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b12","series-title":"Ultralytics\/yolov5: v7. 0-yolov5 sota realtime instance segmentation","author":"Jocher","year":"2022"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/rs13050965","article-title":"Autonomous, onboard vision-based trash and litter detection in low altitude aerial images collected by an unmanned aerial vehicle","volume":"13","author":"Kraft","year":"2021","journal-title":"Remote. Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b14","series-title":"YOLOv6 v3.0: A full-scale reloading","author":"Li","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b15","series-title":"YOLOv6: A single-stage object detection framework for industrial applications","author":"Li","year":"2022"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3390\/drones6110335","article-title":"GGT-YOLO: A novel object detection algorithm for drone-based maritime cruising","volume":"6","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b17","series-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"936","article-title":"Feature pyramid networks for object detection","author":"Lin","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b18","series-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"6282","article-title":"DynamicDet: A unified dynamic architecture for object detection","author":"Lin","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b19","series-title":"Computer Vision \u2013 ECCV","first-page":"21","article-title":"SSD: Single shot MultiBox detector","author":"Liu","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b20","series-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"8759","article-title":"Path aggregation network for instance segmentation","author":"Liu","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b21","series-title":"CBNet: A novel composite backbone network architecture for object detection","author":"Liu","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8090512","article-title":"Development of an intelligent drone management system for integration into smart city transportation networks","volume":"8","author":"Nguyen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b23","series-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"779","article-title":"You only look once: Unified, real-time object detection","author":"Redmon","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b24","series-title":"IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"6517","article-title":"YOLO9000: Better, faster, stronger","author":"Redmon","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b25","series-title":"YOLOv3: An incremental improvement","author":"Redmon","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compag.2022.107017","article-title":"Drones in agriculture: A review and bibliometric analysis","volume":"198","author":"Rejeb","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput. Electron. Agric."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b27","first-page":"278","article-title":"Msdnet for medical image fusion","volume":"vol. 11902","author":"Song","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b28","series-title":"No more strided convolutions or pooling: A new CNN building block for low-resolution images and small objects","author":"Sunkara","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b29","series-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"10778","article-title":"EfficientDet: Scalable and efficient object detection","author":"Tan","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b30","series-title":"BranchyNet: Fast inference via early exiting from deep neural networks","author":"Teerapittayanon","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b31","series-title":"FCOS: A simple and strong anchor-free object detector","author":"Tian","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b32","series-title":"2024 International Conference on Advances in Data Engineering and Intelligent Computing Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"YOLOv8: A novel object detection algorithm with enhanced performance and robustness","author":"Varghese","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b33","series-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"2317","article-title":"Dynamic convolutions: Exploiting spatial sparsity for faster inference","author":"Verelst","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b34","series-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"13024","article-title":"Scaled-YOLOv4: Scaling cross stage partial network","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b35","series-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"7464","article-title":"YOLOv7: Trainable bag-of-freebies sets new state-of-the-art for real-time object detectors","author":"Wang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b36","series-title":"Not all images are worth 16x16 words: Dynamic transformers for efficient image recognition","author":"Wang","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b37","series-title":"Designing network design strategies through gradient path analysis","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b38","first-page":"668","article-title":"EAutoDet: Efficient architecture search for object detection","volume":"vol. 13680","author":"Wang","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b39","series-title":"IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition","first-page":"1571","article-title":"CSPNet: A new backbone that can enhance learning capability of CNN","author":"Wang","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b40","series-title":"YOLOv9: Learning what you want to learn using programmable gradient information","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b41","series-title":"Computer Vision \u2014 ECCV 2018: 15th European Conference, Munich, Germany, September 8\u201314, 2018, Proceedings, Part VII","first-page":"3","article-title":"CBAM: Convolutional block attention module","author":"Woo","year":"2018"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.3390\/drones7080526","article-title":"Drone-YOLO: An efficient neural network method for target detection in drone images","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8110609","article-title":"YOLO-DroneMS: Multi-scale object detection network for unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images","volume":"8","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b44","series-title":"IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision","first-page":"3525","article-title":"Adaptive feeding: Achieving fast and accurate detections by adaptively combining object detectors","author":"Zhou","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b45","first-page":"503","article-title":"Dynamic feature pyramid networks for object detection","volume":"vol. 13091","author":"Zhu","year":"2024"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716_b46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7380","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2021.3119563","article-title":"Detection and tracking meet drones challenge","volume":"44","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095219762600998X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S095219762600998X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T05:14:40Z","timestamp":1778562880000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S095219762600998X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S095219762600998X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Application of a dynamic object detector with adaptive adjustment based on image complexity in the detection of drone aerial images","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114716","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114716"}}