{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T21:12:01Z","timestamp":1778101921056,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776297600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T09:17:53Z","timestamp":1776417473000},"page":"114818","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["A large language model-based multi-agent framework for sustainable industrial design"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"176","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3651-2134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasileios","family":"Alevizos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9085-0837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikitas","family":"Gerolimos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dimitris","family":"Georgantzelis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5545-1499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"George A.","family":"Papakostas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2012.05.047","article-title":"Zebrafish responds differentially to a robotic fish of varying aspect ratio, tail beat frequency, noise, and color","volume":"233","author":"Abaid","year":"2012","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2020.3044155","article-title":"A cooperative dynamic task assignment framework for cotsbot auvs","volume":"19","author":"Abbasi","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Autom. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b3","series-title":"Phi-4 technical report","author":"Abdin","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b4","series-title":"Phi-4-mini technical report: Compact yet powerful multimodal language models via mixture-of-loras","author":"Abouelenin","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b5","series-title":"Emergent patterns in coral reefs: A meta-narrative review of self-organization mechanisms","author":"Alevizos","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b6","series-title":"Optimizing carbon footprint in ict through swarm intelligence with algorithmic complexity","author":"Alevizos","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b7","series-title":"2025 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication","first-page":"0219","article-title":"Systematic review on sustainable design thinking through biomimetic approach","author":"Alevizos","year":"2025"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/w17091395","article-title":"Biomimicry-inspired automated machine learning fit-for-purpose wastewater treatment for sustainable water reuse","volume":"17","author":"Alevizos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Water"},{"issue":"38","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26435","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c09389","article-title":"Design and mechanistic insights into \u03b1-helical p-terphenyl guanidines as potent small-molecule antifreeze agents","volume":"146","author":"Ariff","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b10","first-page":"338","article-title":"Additive manufacturing: Is it a new era for furniture production?","volume":"5","author":"Aydin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Mech. Eng. Autom."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jcim.1c00600","article-title":"Molgpt: molecular generation using a transformer-decoder model","volume":"62","author":"Bagal","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Chem. Inf. Model."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1007\/s00521-010-0362-z","article-title":"A comparative survey of artificial intelligence applications in finance: artificial neural networks, expert system and hybrid intelligent systems","volume":"19","author":"Bahrammirzaee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neural Comput. Appl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b13","series-title":"Rt-2: Vision-language-action models transfer web knowledge to robotic control","author":"Brohan","year":"2023"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.3390\/f11121277","article-title":"Sustainable practices in furniture design: A literature study on customization, biomimicry, competitiveness, and product communication","volume":"11","author":"Bumgardner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b15","series-title":"Robot Fish: Bio-Inspired Fishlike Underwater Robots","first-page":"359","article-title":"Fish\u2013robot interactions: robot fish in animal behavioral studies","author":"Butail","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b16","series-title":"Text to 3d scene generation with rich lexical grounding","author":"Chang","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chempr.2017.01.008","article-title":"Materially engineered artificial pollinators","volume":"2","author":"Chechetka","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/frobt.2023.1145798","article-title":"Bioinspired robots can foster nature conservation","volume":"10","author":"Chellapurath","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front. Robot. AI"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aei.2024.102593","article-title":"Asknaturenet: A divergent thinking tool based on bio-inspired design knowledge","volume":"62","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Adv. Eng. Inform."},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16160","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-023-09018-w","article-title":"Generative ai-enabled microstructure design of porous thermal interface materials with desired effective thermal conductivity","volume":"58","author":"Du","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b21","series-title":"Ctrl-room: Controllable text-to-3d room meshes generation with layout constraints","author":"Fang","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b22","series-title":"Layoutgpt: Compositional visual planning and generation with large language models","author":"Feng","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b23","series-title":"Knowledge sharing in manufacturing using large language models: User evaluation and model benchmarking","author":"Freire","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fu, H., Cai, B., Gao, L., Zhang, L.X., Wang, J., Li, C., Zeng, Q., Sun, C., Jia, R., Zhao, B., et al., 2021. 3d-front: 3d furnished rooms with layouts and semantics. In: IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. ICCV, pp. 10933\u201310942.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV48922.2021.01075"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b25","series-title":"2023 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on Computer Aided Design","first-page":"1","article-title":"Gpt4aigchip: Towards next-generation ai accelerator design automation via large language models","author":"Fu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebe\u015f\u00e7e, A., Kural, M., Chubakov, T., \u015eahin, G.G., 2025. Quantifying divergence for human-ai collaboration and cognitive trust. In: Proceedings of the Extended Abstracts of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. pp. 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1145\/3706599.3720105"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s44230-025-00098-2","article-title":"Autonomous decision-making enhancing natural disaster management through open world machine learning: A systematic review","author":"Gerolimos","year":"2025","journal-title":"Hum.-Centric Intell. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b28","series-title":"2024 IEEE 12th International Conference on Intelligent Systems","first-page":"1","article-title":"Simulation based design of self-adaptive agent behavior: Road traffic data collection case study","author":"Gouasmia","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b29","series-title":"Phi-3 safety post-training: Aligning language models with a\u201d break-fix\u201d cycle","author":"Haider","year":"2024"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b30","first-page":"199","article-title":"The influence of parametric design tools on increasing creativity in the furniture design process","volume":"6","author":"Hamad","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eurasian J. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b31","series-title":"2023 International Conference on Information Technologies","first-page":"1","article-title":"Building drawing simulation models for the purposes of industrial design","author":"Ivanova","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b32","first-page":"1606","article-title":"Optimizing dimensions in furniture design: A literature review","volume":"17","author":"Jasinska","year":"2022","journal-title":"BioResources"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics9090507","article-title":"Sustainability through biomimicry: A comprehensive review of bionic design applications","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b34","series-title":"Large Language Models: A Deep Dive: Bridging Theory and Practice","first-page":"135","article-title":"Llm adaptation and utilization","author":"Kamath","year":"2024"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app10217552","article-title":"Multi-agent simulation environment for logistics warehouse design based on self-contained agents","volume":"10","author":"Kato","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1177\/0278364913495721","article-title":"Reinforcement learning in robotics: A survey","volume":"32","author":"Kober","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Robot. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b37","series-title":"An Approach to Incorporate Generative Artificial Intelligence as a Means to Include Biomimicry Within Industrial Design","author":"Lascari","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b38","series-title":"Clip-layout: Style-consistent indoor scene synthesis with semantic furniture embedding","author":"Liu","year":"2023"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1108\/RPJ-03-2021-0047","article-title":"Creating novel furniture through topology optimization and advanced manufacturing","volume":"27","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Rapid Prototyp. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b40","series-title":"AI-generated marble: A new approach to ceramic surface design","author":"MaterialDistrict","year":"2024"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3778","DOI":"10.1039\/D3LC00518F","article-title":"Utilizing chatgpt to assist cad design for microfluidic devices","volume":"23","author":"Nelson","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lab Chip"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b42","series-title":"V International Scientific and Practical Conference\u201d Virtual Simulation, Prototyping and Industrial Design 2018 (VSPID-2018) 14-16 November, 2018","author":"Nemtinov","year":"2019"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.21608\/msaeng.2023.291899","article-title":"Biomimicry and artificial intelligence for climate change mitigation","volume":"2","author":"Nour ElDin","year":"2023","journal-title":"MSA Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Review and analysis of synthetic dataset generation methods and techniques for application in computer vision","author":"Paulin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Artif. Intell. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b45","series-title":"Goal-directed design agents: Integrating visual imitation with one-step lookahead optimization for generative design","author":"Raina","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b46","series-title":"Mediating modes of thought: Llm\u2019s for design scripting","author":"Rietschel","year":"2024"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b47","first-page":"17","article-title":"A literature review of industrial design based on web of science database: 1925\u20132021","volume":"1","author":"Shuangqing","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ind. Des. Lit."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.applanim.2023.106000","article-title":"The quest to develop automated systems for monitoring animal behavior","volume":"265","author":"Siegford","year":"2023","journal-title":"Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijis.2024.05.001","article-title":"Design thinking and artificial intelligence: A systematic literature review exploring synergies","author":"Sreenivasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Stud."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijis.2024.05.001","article-title":"Design thinking and artificial intelligence: A systematic literature review exploring synergies","volume":"8","author":"Sreenivasan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Innov. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s42256-023-00669-7","article-title":"How can llms transform the robotic design process?","volume":"5","author":"Stella","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8748","DOI":"10.3390\/su14148748","article-title":"A review on sustainability characteristics development for wooden furniture design","volume":"14","author":"Suandi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2015.07.255","article-title":"Biomimicry in furniture design","volume":"197","author":"Tavsan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Procedia - Soc. Behav. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.02.003","article-title":"Unlocking the power of big data analytics in new product development: An intelligent product design framework in the furniture industry","volume":"62","author":"Tsang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b55","first-page":"1","article-title":"Systems biology-embedded target validation: improving efficacy in drug discovery","volume":"6","author":"Vandamme","year":"2014","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip. Rev.: Syst. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b56","series-title":"Encyclopedia of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology: ABC of Bioinformatics","first-page":"3","article-title":"Algorithms for structure comparison and analysis: Homology modelling of proteins","volume":"Vol. 1","author":"Wiltgen","year":"2018"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1109\/TRO.2008.916997","article-title":"The first takeoff of a biologically inspired at-scale robotic insect","volume":"24","author":"Wood","year":"2008","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Robot."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s12369-019-00563-6","article-title":"Developing kaspar: A humanoid robot for children with autism","volume":"13","author":"Wood","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Soc. Robot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b59","unstructured":"Wu, S., Khasahmadi, A., Katz, M., Jayaraman, P.K., Pu, Y., Willis, K., Liu, B., 2023. Cad-llm: Large language model for cad generation. https:\/\/neuripscreativityworkshop.github.io\/2023\/papers\/ml4cd2023_paper15.pdf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, L., Rao, A., Agrawala, M., 2023. Adding conditional control to text-to-image diffusion models. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 3836\u20133847.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00355"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818_b61","series-title":"International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference","first-page":"006","article-title":"Generative pre-trained transformers for biologically inspired design","volume":"Vol. 86267","author":"Zhu","year":"2022"}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626011000?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626011000?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,6]],"date-time":"2026-05-06T20:24:32Z","timestamp":1778099072000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197626011000"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"references-count":61,"alternative-id":["S0952197626011000"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A large language model-based multi-agent framework for sustainable industrial design","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114818","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114818"}}