{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T16:24:28Z","timestamp":1783095868524,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["52575305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["52575305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003395","name":"Shanghai Municipal Education Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003395","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004204","name":"Tongji University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004204","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T10:06:24Z","timestamp":1777370784000},"page":"114931","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["An end-to-end wavelet-based irregular transformer with gumbel sampling for spatiotemporal welding prediction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6891-826X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Changhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianzhi","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiewu","family":"Leng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingcheng","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib1","series-title":"Welding Processes in Marine Applications: a Review","author":"Anand","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1177\/0954406219885977","article-title":"Multi-objective optimization of residual stresses and distortion in submerged arc welding process using genetic algorithm and harmony search","volume":"234","author":"Ansaripour","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc. IME C J. Mech. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10845-021-01848-2","article-title":"Real-time laser keyhole welding penetration state monitoring based on adaptive fusion images using convolutional neural networks","volume":"34","author":"Cai","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Intell. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2022.02.058","article-title":"Real-time identification of molten pool and keyhole using a deep learning-based semantic segmentation approach in penetration status monitoring","volume":"76","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4007559","article-title":"Free vibration analysis of thin-walled cylinders reinforced with longitudinal and transversal stiffeners","volume":"135","author":"Carrera","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Vib. Acoust."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2020.08.028","article-title":"Prediction of welding quality characteristics during pulsed GTAW process of aluminum alloy by multisensory fusion and hybrid network model","volume":"68","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2025.04.052","article-title":"Spatiotemporal prediction and mechanisms of molten pool instability in variable polarity plasma arc robotic welding via CNN-LSTM","volume":"145","author":"Jiang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib8","author":"Kazemi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2019.01.039","article-title":"Machine learning of weld joint penetration from weld pool surface using support vector regression","volume":"41","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4046250","article-title":"Hybrid nonlinear variation modeling of compliant metal plate assemblies considering welding shrinkage and angular distortion","volume":"142","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Sci. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6501\/ac8f62","article-title":"In-suit monitoring melt pool states in direct energy deposition using ResNet","volume":"33","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meas. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2018.05.017","article-title":"Prediction of welding residual stresses using machine learning: comparison between neural networks and neuro-fuzzy systems","volume":"70","author":"Mathew","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2024.111849","article-title":"Generalized beam theory for the analysis of thin-walled structures \u2014 a state-of-the-art survey","volume":"200","author":"Mittelstedt","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tws.2024.111995","article-title":"Stiffness enhancement methods for thin-walled aircraft structures: a review","volume":"201","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Thin-Walled Struct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1007\/s40436-023-00437-1","article-title":"Real-time K-TIG welding penetration prediction on embedded system using a segmentation-LSTM model","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Adv. Manuf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1879","DOI":"10.1002\/mma.8774","article-title":"Synchronization of Markovian jump neural networks for sampled data control systems with additive delay components: analysis of image encryption technique","volume":"49","author":"Tamil Thendral","year":"2026","journal-title":"Math. Methods Appl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib17","series-title":"Attention is all you Need","author":"Vaswani","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmsy.2021.06.009","article-title":"Early event detection in a deep-learning driven quality prediction model for ultrasonic welding","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib19","article-title":"Weld seam object detection system based on the fusion of 2D images and 3D point clouds using interpretable neural networks","volume":"14","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jajp.2024.100199","article-title":"Prediction of internal welding penetration based on IR thermal image supported by machine vision and ANN-model during automatic robot welding process","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Joining Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.procir.2016.02.046","article-title":"Welding of non-nominal geometries \u2013 physical tests","volume":"43","author":"W\u00e4rmefjord","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proced. CIRP"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib22","series-title":"2017 9th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC). Presented at the 2017 9th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC)","first-page":"60","article-title":"The influence of stiffened ribs on vibration of a thin-walled casing","author":"Yan-ting","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmapro.2022.11.021","article-title":"Prediction of weld back width based on top vision sensing during laser-MIG hybrid welding","volume":"84","author":"Ye","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Manuf. Process."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2023.121425","article-title":"Unified CNN-LSTM for keyhole status prediction in PAW based on spatial-temporal features","volume":"237","author":"Zhou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626012133?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626012133?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T15:53:48Z","timestamp":1783094028000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197626012133"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":24,"alternative-id":["S0952197626012133"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"An end-to-end wavelet-based irregular transformer with gumbel sampling for spatiotemporal welding prediction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.114931","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"114931"}}