{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:27:36Z","timestamp":1783110456582,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010909","name":"Excellent Young Scientists Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["62506391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["62506391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010909","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T07:10:28Z","timestamp":1777965028000},"page":"115000","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Human-inspired predictive trajectory planning for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles in contested environments"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"177","author":[{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Xue","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiwen","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2025.128315","article-title":"Enhancing the safety and smoothness of path planning through an integration of Dijkstra\u2019s algorithm and piecewise cubic Bezier optimization","volume":"289","author":"Ahmad","year":"2025","journal-title":"Expert Syst. Appl."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8020062","article-title":"Path planning for Fixed-Wing unmanned aerial vehicles: An integrated approach with Theta* and clothoids","volume":"8","author":"Bassolillo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/app14177482","article-title":"A method of Dual-AGV-ganged path planning based on the genetic algorithm","volume":"14","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Appl. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b4","article-title":"Dijkstra algorithm based minimum acceleration\/snap quadrotor UAV trajectory planning","volume":"2746","author":"Cai","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Phys.: Conf. Ser."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2024.109267","article-title":"Longitudinal dynamic envelope solution and transition path optimization based on reachability analysis for fixed-wing VTOL UAVs","volume":"151","author":"Cong","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gu, X., Liu, T., Yang, D., Huang, K., Tian, Y., 2019. Research on Application of Maritime Calibration Based on Fixed-wing UAV. In: 2019 IEEE 3rd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. ITNEC, pp. 2585\u20132589.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITNEC.2019.8729206"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8110654","article-title":"Cooperative path planning for Multi-UAVs with time-varying communication and energy consumption constraints","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"He, Q., Wang, R., Wang, Z., Wang, Y., 2023. A Dynamic Trajectory Planning Algorithm for Urban Ultra-Low Altitude UAVs Based on a Fusion Heuristic Algorithm. In: 2023 6th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Big Data. ICAIBD, pp. 148\u2013153.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICAIBD57115.2023.10206341"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b9","first-page":"3545","article-title":"Coordinated disturbance observer-based flight control of Fixed-Wing UAV","volume":"69","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.106358","article-title":"Short-range air combat maneuver decision of UAV swarm based on multi-agent transformer introducing virtual objects","volume":"123","author":"Jiang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Gu, Q., Liu, L., 2020. Research on Path Planning Algorithm for Multi-UAV Maritime Targets Search Based on Genetic Algorithm. In: 2020 IEEE International Conference on Information Technology,Big Data and Artificial Intelligence. ICIBA, Vol. 1, pp. 840\u2013843.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICIBA50161.2020.9277470"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Wang, Z., Zhang, S., 2022. Path Planning of Robots Based on an Improved A-star Algorithm. In: 2022 IEEE 5th Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference. IMCEC, Vol. 5, pp. 826\u2013831.","DOI":"10.1109\/IMCEC55388.2022.10019799"},{"issue":"366","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b13","article-title":"A modified dueling DQN algorithm for robot path planning incorporating priority experience replay and artificial potential fields","volume":"55","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2021.106887","article-title":"Trajectory planning of load transportation with multi-quadrotors based on reinforcement learning algorithm","volume":"116","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trc.2025.105142","article-title":"Learning human-like decisions for flight approach: Environment and an imitation learning method","volume":"176","author":"Liu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Transp. Res. C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2020.106435","article-title":"Control-oriented UAV highly feasible trajectory planning: A deep learning method","volume":"110","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8050199","article-title":"Deep reinforcement learning-based 3D trajectory planning for cellular connected UAV","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b18","first-page":"279","article-title":"Knowledge mapping analysis of situational awareness and aviation: A bibliometric study","volume":"5","author":"Lopes","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Cogn. Comput. Eng."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2023.07.006","article-title":"Reinforcement learning based UAV formation control in GPS-denied environment","volume":"36","author":"MA","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8080371","article-title":"Pseudospectral-Based rapid trajectory planning and feedforward linearization guidance","volume":"8","author":"Mu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/drones5010022","article-title":"Quantifying the effects of vibration on medicines in transit caused by fixed-wing and multi-copter drones","volume":"5","author":"Oakey","year":"2021","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Raghuwaiya, K., Chand, R., 2018. 3D Motion Planning of a Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. In: 2018 5th Asia-Pacific World Congress on Computer Science and Engineering (APWC on CSE). pp. 241\u2013245.","DOI":"10.1109\/APWConCSE.2018.00046"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103026","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2024.3433540","article-title":"A review of reinforcement learning for Fixed-Wing aircraft control tasks","volume":"12","author":"Richter","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Access"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/drones8110641","article-title":"Mission design and validation of a Fixed-Wing unmanned aerial vehicle for environmental monitoring","volume":"8","author":"Rufino","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drones"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b25","unstructured":"Schaul, T., Quan, J., Antonoglou, I., Silver, D., 2016. Prioritized Experience Replay. In: International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR) 2016."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2024.08.005","article-title":"Safe flight corridor constrained sequential convex programming for efficient trajectory generation of fixed-wing UAVs","volume":"38","author":"Sun","year":"2025","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teng, Y., Wang, X., Wang, L., Yao, M., Zuo, Z., Li, X., 2023. Safety Risk Analysis of Modern Urban Air Logistics System. In: 2023 14th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety. ICRMS, pp. 782\u2013788.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICRMS59672.2023.00142"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu, G.-T., Juang, J.-G., 2021. Path Planning and Obstacle Avoidance Based on Reinforcement Learning for UAV Application. In: 2021 International Conference on System Science and Engineering. ICSSE, pp. 352\u2013355.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSSE52999.2021.9537945"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, H., Wang, Y., Gao, C., Bai, C., Huang, Z., 2020. Design of UAV\u2019s Safe Obstacle Avoidance Trajectory Based on Point Cloud. In: 2020 2nd International Conference on Information Technology and Computer Application. ITCA, pp. 258\u2013261.","DOI":"10.1109\/ITCA52113.2020.00062"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/aerospace11110929","article-title":"Planning and evaluation of water-dropping strategy for Fixed-Wing fire extinguisher based on multi-resolution modeling","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aerospace"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2023.09.033","article-title":"Deep-reinforcement-learning-based UAV autonomous navigation and collision avoidance in unknown environments","volume":"37","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2021.11.009","article-title":"Energy-optimal trajectory planning for solar-powered aircraft using soft actor-critic","volume":"35","author":"Wenjun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4150","DOI":"10.1109\/JSTARS.2021.3069032","article-title":"Low-Rank approximation and multiple sparse constraint modeling for infrared low-flying fixed-wing UAV detection","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Obs. Remote. Sens."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1109\/TWC.2023.3290748","article-title":"Joint optimization of resource allocation and trajectory control for mobile group users in Fixed-Wing UAV-enabled wireless network","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2024.108915","article-title":"Autonomous control of UAV trajectory based on RHC-Radau method in complex penetration combat environment","volume":"146","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu, S., Li, Y., Ma, C., 2021. Research on UAV Trajectory Planning Based on Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm. In: 2021 9th International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Wireless Optical Communications. ICWOC, pp. 37\u201341.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICWOC52624.2021.9530209"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2024.109404","article-title":"Collision-free trajectory planning for UAVs based on sequential convex programming","volume":"152","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Yuan, P., Guan, Y., Wang, Z., Xu, H., Ru, J., 2024. Improved A*-Based Motion Planning for Fixed-Wing UAV with Arrival Time Constraints. In: 2024 36th Chinese Control and Decision Conference. CCDC, pp. 4984\u20134989.","DOI":"10.1109\/CCDC62350.2024.10588024"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6654","DOI":"10.1109\/TNNLS.2022.3212273","article-title":"Stochastic integrated Actor\u2013Critic for deep reinforcement learning","volume":"35","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. Learn. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, Q., Liu, G., 2022. UAV Path Planning Based on the Combination of A-star Algorithm and RRT-star Algorithm. In: 2022 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems. ICUS, pp. 146\u2013151.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICUS55513.2022.9986703"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cja.2020.12.018","article-title":"A newly bio-inspired path planning algorithm for autonomous obstacle avoidance of UAV","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. J. Aeronaut."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/electronics9020250","article-title":"Trajectory planning algorithm of UAV based on system positioning accuracy constraints","volume":"9","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Electronics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000_b43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ast.2024.109089","article-title":"Optimization of high-speed fixed-wing UAV penetration strategy based on deep reinforcement learning","volume":"148","author":"Zhuang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Aerosp. Sci. Technol."}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626012832?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626012832?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T20:08:01Z","timestamp":1783109281000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197626012832"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0952197626012832"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Human-inspired predictive trajectory planning for fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicles in contested environments","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115000","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115000"}}