{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:56:15Z","timestamp":1781592975378,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,22]],"date-time":"2026-05-22T17:49:12Z","timestamp":1779472152000},"page":"115170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["A diffusion-Mamba synergetic framework for face retouching reversal"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"179","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8847-2055","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fengchuang","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaowen","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongwei","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Akhtar, Z., Dasgupta, D., 2019. A comparative evaluation of local feature descriptors for deepfakes detection. In: IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security. pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1109\/HST47167.2019.9033005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2011.2129512","article-title":"A sift-based forensic method for copy\u2013move attack detection and transformation recovery","volume":"6","author":"Amerini","year":"2011","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b3","series-title":"Retinexmamba: Retinex-based mamba for low-light image enhancement","author":"Bai","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baltru\u0161aitis, T., Robinson, P., Morency, L.-P., 2016. Openface: an open source facial behavior analysis toolkit. In: IEEE Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision. pp. 1\u201310.","DOI":"10.1109\/WACV.2016.7477553"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bekci, B., Akhtar, Z., Ekenel, H.K., 2020. Cross-dataset face manipulation detection. In: Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference. pp. 1\u20134.","DOI":"10.1109\/SIU49456.2020.9302157"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1903","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2016.2561898","article-title":"Detecting facial retouching using supervised deep learning","volume":"11","author":"Bharati","year":"2016","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2024.109999","article-title":"Mamba-enhanced spectral-attentive wavelet network for underwater image restoration","volume":"143","author":"Chang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.111067","article-title":"A hybrid architecture based on structured state space sequence model and convolutional neural network for real-time object detection","volume":"156","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b9","series-title":"MambaUIE&SR: Unraveling the ocean\u2019s secrets with only 2.8 FLOPs","author":"Chen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b10","series-title":"Towards real-world blind face restoration with generative diffusion prior","author":"Chen","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Wang, X., Zhou, J., Qiao, Y., Dong, C., 2023b. Activating more pixels in image super-resolution transformer. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 22367\u201322377.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52729.2023.02142"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b12","series-title":"Activating wider areas in image super-resolution","author":"Cheng","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2019.2916364","article-title":"Noiseprint: A CNN-based camera model fingerprint","volume":"15","author":"Cozzolino","year":"2019","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2013.2265677","article-title":"Exposing digital image forgeries by illumination color classification","volume":"8","author":"De Carvalho","year":"2013","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b15","series-title":"Cu-mamba: Selective state space models with channel learning for image restoration","author":"Deng","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng, J., Guo, J., Xue, N., Zafeiriou, S., 2019. Arcface: Additive angular margin loss for deep face recognition. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 4690\u20134699.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2019.00482"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2202227","article-title":"Image forgery localization via fine-grained analysis of CFA artifacts","volume":"7","author":"Ferrara","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2012.2190402","article-title":"Rich models for steganalysis of digital images","volume":"7","author":"Fridrich","year":"2012","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b19","series-title":"Mamba: Linear-time sequence modeling with selective state spaces","author":"Gu","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, H., Li, J., Dai, T., Ouyang, Z., Ren, X., Xia, S.-T., 2024. MambaIR: A Simple Baseline for Image Restoration with State-Space Model. In: European Conference on Computer Vision.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-72649-1_13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b21","first-page":"6840","article-title":"Denoising diffusion probabilistic models","volume":"33","author":"Ho","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19907","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110747108","article-title":"A perceptual metric for photo retouching","volume":"108","author":"Kee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b23","series-title":"Efficient visual state space model for image deblurring","author":"Kong","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b24","series-title":"DVMSR: Distillated vision mamba for efficient super-resolution","author":"Lei","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., Chang, M.-C., Lyu, S., 2018. In ictu oculi: Exposing ai created fake videos by detecting eye blinking. In: IEEE International Workshop on Information Forensics and Security. pp. 1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1109\/WIFS.2018.8630787"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neucom.2022.01.029","article-title":"Srdiff: Single image super-resolution with diffusion probabilistic models","volume":"479","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurocomputing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3902","DOI":"10.1109\/LRA.2024.3373235","article-title":"Mobile-seed: Joint semantic segmentation and boundary detection for mobile robots","volume":"9","author":"Liao","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Robot. Autom. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b28","first-page":"1","article-title":"SE-calib: Semantic edge-based lidar-camera boresight online calibration in urban scenes","volume":"61","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b29","series-title":"VMamba: Visual state space model","author":"Liu","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lugmayr, A., Danelljan, M., Romero, A., Yu, F., Timofte, R., Van Gool, L., 2022. Repaint: Inpainting using denoising diffusion probabilistic models. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 11461\u201311471.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01117"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2023.107696","article-title":"Attention-enhanced conditional-diffusion-based data synthesis for data augmentation in machine fault diagnosis","volume":"131","author":"Mueller","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b32","unstructured":"Nguyen, H.M., Derakhshani, R., 2020. Eyebrow recognition for identifying deepfake videos. In: International Conference of the Biometrics Special Interest Group. pp. 1\u20135."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3524","DOI":"10.1109\/TMI.2023.3290149","article-title":"Unsupervised medical image translation with adversarial diffusion models","volume":"42","author":"\u00d6zbey","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b34","article-title":"Pytorch: An imperative style, high-performance deep learning library","volume":"32","author":"Paszke","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Neural Inf. Process. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peebles, W., Xie, S., 2023. Scalable diffusion models with transformers. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 4195\u20134205.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV51070.2023.00387"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b36","unstructured":"Radford, A., Kim, J.W., Hallacy, C., et al., 2021. Learning transferable visual models from natural language supervision. In: International Conference on Machine Learning. pp. 8748\u20138763."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-bmt.2019.0196","article-title":"PRNU-based detection of facial retouching","volume":"9","author":"Rathgeb","year":"2020","journal-title":"IET Biom."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rombach, R., Blattmann, A., Lorenz, D., Esser, P., Ommer, B., 2022. High-resolution image synthesis with latent diffusion models. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 10684\u201310695.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR52688.2022.01042"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schroff, F., Kalenichenko, D., Philbin, J., 2015. Facenet: A unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 815\u2013823.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2015.7298682"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao, R., Wu, T., Liu, Z., 2022. Detecting and recovering sequential deepfake manipulation. In: European Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 712\u2013728.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-19778-9_41"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b41","unstructured":"Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A., 2015. Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. In: International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b42","unstructured":"Song, Y., Sohl-Dickstein, J., Kingma, D.P., Kumar, A., Ermon, S., Poole, B., 2020. Score-based generative modeling through stochastic differential equations. In: International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b43","unstructured":"Tsai, Y.-J., Liu, Y.-L., Qi, L., Chan, K.C., Yang, M.-H., 2024. Dual Associated Encoder for Face Restoration. In: The Twelfth International Conference on Learning Representations."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1109\/TIP.2003.819861","article-title":"Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2004","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Image Process."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1109\/TIFS.2014.2345479","article-title":"Exploring DCT coefficient quantization effects for local tampering detection","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b46","series-title":"GMSR: Gradient-guided mamba for spectral reconstruction from rgb images","author":"Wang","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Shan, Y., 2021a. Towards real-world blind face restoration with generative facial prior. In: Proceedings of the IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. CVPR, pp. 9168\u20139178.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00905"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, S.-Y., Wang, O., Owens, A., Zhang, R., Efros, A.A., 2019. Detecting photoshopped faces by scripting photoshop. In: IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 10072\u201310081.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCV.2019.01017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, J., Wu, Z., Ouyang, W., Han, X., Chen, J., Jiang, Y.-G., Li, S.-N., 2022. M2tr: Multi-modal multi-scale transformers for deepfake detection. In: International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval. pp. 615\u2013623.","DOI":"10.1145\/3512527.3531415"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, X., Xie, L., Dong, C., Shan, Y., 2021b. Real-ESRGAN: Training real-world blind super-resolution with pure synthetic data. In: IEEE\/CVF International Conference on Computer Vision. pp. 1905\u20131914.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICCVW54120.2021.00217"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b51","article-title":"RestoreFormer++: Towards real-world blind face restoration from undegraded key-value pairs","volume":"46","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. (TPAMI)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2025.111064","article-title":"Mamba-based hybrid network for multi-modality feature fusion","volume":"156","author":"Wu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b53","series-title":"Frequency-assisted mamba for remote sensing image super-resolution","author":"Xiao","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.asoc.2025.113062","article-title":"Unveiling authenticity with diffusion-based face retouching reversal","volume":"174","author":"Xing","year":"2025","journal-title":"Appl. Soft Comput."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11869","DOI":"10.1109\/TPAMI.2023.3284003","article-title":"GP-UNIT: Generative prior for versatile unsupervised image-to-image translation","volume":"45","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4854","DOI":"10.1109\/TCSVT.2021.3133859","article-title":"MSTA-Net: Forgery detection by generating manipulation trace based on multi-scale self-texture attention","volume":"32","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ying, Q., Liu, J., Li, S., Xu, H., Qian, Z., Zhang, X., 2023. RetouchingFFHQ: A Large-scale Dataset for Fine-grained Face Retouching Detection. In: ACM International Conference on Multimedia. pp. 737\u2013746.","DOI":"10.1145\/3581783.3611843"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Z., Gao, X., Wang, Z., Hu, Q., Zhang, X., 2025. TD-BFR: Truncated Diffusion Model for Efficient Blind Face Restoration. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo. ICME.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICME59968.2025.11210069"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, H., Zhou, W., Chen, D., Wei, T., Zhang, W., Yu, N., 2021. Multi-attentional deepfake detection. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 2185\u20132194.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR46437.2021.00222"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b60","series-title":"Freqmamba: Viewing mamba from a frequency perspective for image deraining","author":"Zhen","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b61","series-title":"U-shaped vision mamba for single image dehazing","author":"Zheng","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b62","series-title":"Fd-vision mamba for endoscopic exposure correction","author":"Zheng","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b63","first-page":"30599","article-title":"Towards robust blind face restoration with codebook lookup transformer","volume":"vol. 35","author":"Zhou","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170_b64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou, P., Han, X., Morariu, V.I., Davis, L.S., 2018. Learning rich features for image manipulation detection. In: IEEE\/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. pp. 1053\u20131061.","DOI":"10.1109\/CVPR.2018.00116"}],"container-title":["Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626014533?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0952197626014533?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T06:50:08Z","timestamp":1781592608000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0952197626014533"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"references-count":64,"alternative-id":["S0952197626014533"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170","relation":{},"ISSN":["0952-1976"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0952-1976","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"A diffusion-Mamba synergetic framework for face retouching reversal","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.engappai.2026.115170","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"115170"}}